Wood and Forest

The figures are the average of radial and tangential shrinkages.

Footnote 4: How much different woods vary may be seen by the following table, taken from Filibert Roth, Timber, Forest Service Bulletin No. 10, p. 28:

WEIGHT OF KILN-DRIED WOOD OF DIFFERENT SPECIES.

Approximate.

Specific weight. Weight of

1 cubic foot. 1,000 feet of lumber.

Pounds Pounds

(a) Very heavy woods:

Hickory, oak, persimmon, osage, orange, black locust, hackberry, blue beech, best of elm, and ash 0.70-0.80 42-48 3,700

(b) Heavy woods:

Ash, elm, cherry, birch, maple, beech, walnut, sour gum, coffee tree, honey locust, best of southern pine, and tamarack .60-.70 36-42 3,200

(c) Woods of medium weight:

Southern pine, pitch pine, tamarack, Douglas spruce, western hemlock, sweet gum, soft maple, sycamore, light sassafras, mulberry, grades of birch and cherry .50-.60 30-36 2,700

(d) Light woods:

Norway and bull pine, red cedar, cypress, hemlock, the heavier spruce and fir, redwood, basswood, chestnut, butternut, tulip, catalpa, buckeye, heavier grades of poplar .40-.50 24-30 2,200

(e) Very light woods:

White pine, spruce, fir, white cedar, poplar .30-.40 18-24 1,800

Footnote 5: For table of weights of different woods see Sargent, Jesup Collection, pp. 153-157.

Footnote 6: See Forestry Bulletin No. 70, pp. 11, 12, and Forestry Circular No. 108.

Footnote 7: For table of strengths of different woods, see Sargent, Jesup Collection, pp. 166 ff.

Footnote 8: For table of elasticity of different woods, see Sargent, Jesup Collection, pp. 163 ff.

Footnote 9: For table of hardnesses of different woods, see Sargent, Jesup Collection, pp. 173 ff.

Footnote 10: For detailed characteristics of different woods see Chapter III.

THE PROPERTIES OF WOOD.

References* Moisture and Shrinkage. Roth, For. Bull., No. 10, pp. 25-37.

Busbridge, Sci. Am. Sup. No. 1500. Oct. 1, '04.

Weight, Strength, Cleavability, Elasticity and Toughness. Roth, For. Bull., 10, p. 37-50.

Boulger, pp. 89-108, 129-140.

Roth, First Book, pp. 229-233.

Sargent, Jesup Collection, pp. 153-176.

Forest Circulars Nos. 108 and 139.

* For general bibliography, see p. 4.