A Short History of the World

w years ago its remains were considered to be altogether human. We have skulls and bones of it and a great accumulation of the large implements it

bably slouched along, head down and forward. Their chinless jaw-bones resemble the Heidelberg jaw-bone and are markedly unlike human jaw-bones. And there were great differences from the human pattern in their teeth. Their cheek teeth were more complicated in structure than ours, more complicated and not less so; they had not the long fangs of our cheek teeth; and also the

s, and from that place these strange proto-men have been christened Neanderthal Men, or Nea

LER, ACCORDING

t valleys, with perhaps a chain of lakes in their deeper portions, and a great inland sea spread from the present Black Sea across South Russia and far into Central Asia. Spain and all of Europe not actually under ice consisted of bleak uplands under a harder climate than that of Labrador, and it was only when North Af

marrow bones of great animals in his caves, cracked to extract the marrow. His weapons could not have been of much avail in open conflict with great beasts, but it is supposed that he attacked them with spears at difficult river crossings and even constructed pitfalls for them. Possibly he followed t

n doubtful if he went erect. He may have used his knuckles as well as his feet to hold himself up. Probably he went about alo

rld from the south. They ousted the Neanderthalers from their caves and squatting places; they hunted the same food; they probably made war upon their grisly predecessors and killed them off. These newcomers from the south or the east-for at present we do not know their region of origin-who at last drove the Neanderthaler

the Record of the Rocks, an

MODERN SKULL AND (

Hist.

receding in Europe; the reindeer of France and Spain presently gave way to great herds of horses as grass increased upo

ics between the Neanderthaler and the human being. The brain-case indicates a brain bigger in front and smaller behind than the Neanderthaler's, and the skull was poised erect upon the backbone in a quite human way. The teeth also and the bones are quite human. But the

ween the beginnings of the Ice Age and the appearance of their common heir, and perhaps their common exterminator, the True Man. The Rhodesian skull itself may not be very ancient. Up