A Study of Splashes

already observed, and to obtain a higher crater and a taller rebounding column. Such an expectation would be mistaken. A new phenomenon mak

y temporary, and the bubble reopens at the top to make way for the column which ri

, the drop was of milk, 7·36 mm. in

le, for the fine line of light seen above the level of the top of the drop in Figs. 2 and 2a marks the circular cliff-like edge of the as yet undis

quid to accelerate. Now the supply of liquid is from below, and will thicken the lower part of the walls first, and thus account for the faster closing of the mouth. On the other hand, the uppermost edge of the crater is the place where the checking influence of the surface-tension on the upward flow is first felt, with the result that the edge of the rim is thickened by the influx from below, so that a more or less regular rope-like annulus i

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water (100

sec.

02

02

9 se

18

8 se

39

as in the previous series. This column may be dimly seen through the walls of the bubble in Fig. 9, and No. 10 shows the column alone, the bubble having opened early and receded with great velocity, a few drops round the base being all that is left of it. Nos. 10a and 10b illustrate this reopening. In 10a the mil

II-(con

4 se

85

05

0

3 se

11

Under the influence, however, of the surface-tension, which pushes back the protuberances and pulls out the hollows, regularity of form is soon regained. Thus Fig. 13 shows the emergent columns at a later stage after such an encounter, already

II-(con

05

5 se

13

2 se

94

II-(con

17

40

72

11

es in about 18/1000 of a second, and forms a comparatively permanent bubble. The rope-like thickening of the edge, already alluded to, is well seen in Figs. 3 and 4. In its earlier stages the bubble is thick-walled, roug

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lling 137 cm. (4-1/2 feet) into

=

05

16

19

becoming every moment more delicate and exquisite, o

closing the arms slope outwards. The upper portions have been projected at an earlier stage when the mouth of the crater was wider open a

III-(co

7 se

20

6 se

53

characteristic inward slope of the last figure, which is also well seen in Fig. 10a of the last s

ach fairy dome is accomplished in less than two-hundredths of a second, and before one-tenth of a second has elapsed the

plash is almost exactly that of Series Ia. The exact time required for the closing of the bubble probably depends a good deal on the phase of oscillation of the drop

m a sufficient height, produces a very exquisite bubble; in this case irregularitie

III-(co

0 se

46

70

g.

photographs below the