Growing Nuts in the North

genus Corylus. Some think them identical and call them all hazels dividing them only into European and American types. I see no reason for doing this

filbert and a common wild hazelnut as there is betw

nuts. This lack of commercialization of hazelnuts should be recognized as due to the smallness of the nut and the thickness of its shell rather than to its lacking flavor. Its flavor, which seldom varies much regardless of size, shape or thickness of shell, is both rich and nutty. The three

on on members of genus Corylus imported from Europe. Although there is wide variety in appearance and quality within each of the species, especially among the European filberts, and although filberts may resemble hazels sufficiently to confuse even a horticulturist, the action of this fungus is so specific that it divides Corylus defini

h. It should bear fruit having the size, general shape, cracking qualities and good flavor of the filbert as popularly known. The hybrids I am growing at my farm, which I call "hazilberts" and which are discussed later, seem to fulfill these requirements. Th

n the fall of 1940, is shown by these extracts taken from daily records of the work done there. It should be noted that the sum

and picked at this time. (Their kerne

. Also picked half of the European filberts. (There was slight shrinkage in the kernels of the la

en Rush and some European variety such as Italian Red, co

neither were hazilberts No. 2 and No. 4, nor the Gellatly filberts. Wild hazelnuts a

lberts of the imported plants were picked. Als

ng and thinnest shell of the large type hazilberts, not the largest

frost. However, the damage was spotty all over the orchard, most things continuing to develop and ripen. Winkler hazels picked and examined at this time showed them far from ripe. Hazilberts growing next to limestone walls on the south side showed no signs of frost damage whereas the Wink

all of hazilbert No. 2 e

icked about October 10 a

owed distinct signs of lacking summer heat needed for their proper development. The last two nuts on hazilbert No. 2 and the only

ly October 14. These were left the longest on the bush of any hazel and still were not ripe although they were not

Winkler hazel, many of which had the most beautiful colors of any of the trees on the farm-red, orange and yellow bronze. Hazilbert No. 1, which resembles a wild hazel in appearance and habits of growth, had colored much earlier in reaction to the frost and was as brigh

el is very similar to that of the wild hazel in color but exceeding it in beauty since its leaves do not drop as soon after coloring. At this time, the leaves had not changed color on the imported European plants, the Gellatly filberts from British Columbia or the White Aveline type. They had turned only sli

hough it does show several similarities to Corylus Americana, I have also noticed certain qualities which definitely suggest some filbert heritage. I have based my theory on a study of the Winkler hazels which have been b

el is formed much more like that of the filbert than that of the hazel. In Corylus Americana this involucre is usually thick, tough and watery, while in the filbert it is thinner and drier, so that while a person may be deceived in the size of a hazelnut still in its husk, he can easily tell that of a filbert. This i

s those of the European filberts do, in overlapping groups of three or four. Again, they may be found at regular intervals at the axis of leaf stems very much as

native hazel embryo which matures in this latitude about one month ahead of the Winklers and some filberts. Although Winkler nuts are shaped li

o of the hazelnuts (commonly known as the hazel weevil) and resistance to other insect pests. Also, considerable data had been accumulated by cataloging over 650 trees each year for five years; cataloging included varied and detailed studies of their growth, bearing habits, ability to resist blight, curculio and other insects, the size of the nut, the thinness of the shell and the flavor of the kernel. Several books of all this detail were accumulated in trying to nail down several commercial varieties that would be propagated from this vast amount of material. Although some bushes produced good nuts at the rate of as much as two tons to the acre, measured on the basis of space that they took up in the test orchard, the most prolific kind seemed to be the ones that had a tendency to revert to the wild hazel type. The better and thinner-shelled types, more res

an's hand. This plant became the female parent in over 1,000 crosses by pollen furnished from male blooms of Duchil