Narrative of a Survey of the Intertropical and Western Coasts of Australia] [Volume 2 of 2]

st sails f

the hydrography of the south

e the Thir

the Cape of

ic, and arrive a

on the voyages,

l 25 to Se

require a considerable repair; but from the difficulty of procuring seasoned wood, so long a time elapsed before it was effected

n would allow of our going upon the coast; it was deemed most advantageous for the public service to return without making another voyage. Accordingly on the 25th September we sailed from Sydney with the intention of proceeding to the north through Torres Strait, and calling at the Mauritius on ou

Octo

st plan; and therefore proceeded round the south side of the island, in doing which I had the opportunity of verifying some observations formerly taken by which it appeared

n the bearings that were taken as induced me to suspect an origina

that his instrument was 2 minutes 40 seconds in error to the north he assigned to the cape a position of 43 degrees 32 minutes. In the Introduction to his voyage* he makes some remarks in a note upon the positions assigned to it by Captains Cook and Furneaux;

ers volume 1 Intr

to latitude but tolerably well placed in reference to the coast. The su

: NAME O

2: LA

ACCORDING TO CAPTA

ees 38 minutes : 146

s 46 minutes : 146 d

degrees 39 minutes :

th the south-east cape on the bearing of North 56 degrees East (the vessel's head being to the eastward); and on this occasion (the brig's head being to the westward) it bore, when in the sa

ess of my observations and of the error into which Captain Flinders had fallen, and which must either be attributed to the imperfection of his instrument or to his reading off the altitude 10 minutes

amp, unwholesome weather, and a succession of heavy wester

Novemb

complete our wood and water. I therefore seized the opportunity of our being near the sound and, steering into it, anchored off the sandy bay within Seal Island and immediately commenced operations. We were however much delayed by har

be an American schooner on a sealing voyage and was coming in for the purpose of careening and cleaning the vessel's bottom

f which, at the south end of the long sandy beach, the trees were growing in abundance close to the beach: it was at this place also th

shark was hooked, but broke the hook and escaped, which was a great disappointment to them, for they evidently anticipated a luxurious meal. After this they went on shore, when the breeze blew so fresh as to make some seasick, very much to the amusement of those who did not suffer, particularly one of the older

ote. Se

t was better sheltered and nearer to the watering-place. After riding out a heavy gale from the westward at single anchor without any accident and as soon

y short stalks, each terminated by an oval head of flowers. I recollected having seen a large grove of these trees growing at a short distance from the outer beach on the east side of the entrance of the harbour; and on going there found the decayed flowers and seeds sufficiently perfect to throw a considerable light upon this singular plant;* several were procured and brought to England. A drawing of this tree is given in the view of King George's Sound in Captain

Henchman his employer, to my friend Mr. Brown, the original discoverer of the tree in Captain Flin

Flinders volu

to Februa

s Bay at the Cape of Good Hope, which we reached on the 14th January after a passage of forty

y 9 to

same morning we fell in with two French men of war, a frigate and a corvette, who bore down but, upon showing our colours, hauled their wind and resumed their course without communicating with us. Between this and th

ls bound through Torres Strait, and to delineate the coastline between Cape Hillsborough, in 20 degrees 54 minutes South, and Cape York, the north extremity of New South Wales; a distance of six hundred and ninety miles. As my instructions did not authorise my delaying to examine any part of this coast I

ge the Fourth, a distance of seven hundred and ninety miles, has been carefully made and, with a few exceptions, every opening has been explored. Those parts in this interval that yet require examination are some inlets on the south side

tain. Our examinations of these islands were carried on as far as Cape Villaret, but between that and Depuch Island the coast has only been seen by the French, who merely occasionally saw small detached portions of it. At present however this is conjecture; but the space is of considerable extent and, if there is an opening into the interior of New Holland, it is in the vicinity of this part. Off the B

ny very careful observation upon its shores. There can however be very little more worth knowing of them, as I apprehend the difficul

epting the extensive and valuable collection of plants formed by Mr. Cunningham which are now in the possession of Mr. Aiton, of the Royal Gardens at Kew; for which establishment it would seem that they were solely procured. It was in fact the only department of natural history in which any pains were taken and for which every assistance was rendered. A small herbarium was however collected by me, containing nearly five hundred species: they are in the possession of my respected friend Aylmer B. Lambert, Esqui

ntinent, and to form an establishment upon the most eligible spot that could be found for a mercantile depot. Of the proceedings of this expedition the following particulars have been communicated to me by Lieutenant J.S. Roe, my former companion and assistant, who was appointe

te. See

detachment of the 3rd regiment and forty-five convicts, in addition to the party of Royal Marines that had been embarked before the Tamar left England. The establishment was placed under the command of Capta

ut encountering any accident. We nevertheless saw several shoals that, in our former voyages in the Mermaid and Bathurst, were not noticed; by reason of the greater altitude of the Tamar's masthead affording a muc

boats were hoisted out and the marines landed, when, an union-jack being fixed upon a conspicuous tree near the extremity of the point, formal possession was taken of the

hen only obtained by digging deep holes in the sand. A large Malay encampment had recently removed from this spot, leaving their fireplaces and temporary couches, and large piles of firewood to season, in readiness for their next visit. No natives were seen, not even at our old place in Knockers Bay. The adjoinin

ndy point on the left of the picture i

re taken in a similar manner and with the same forms as at Port Essington, and we commenced a strict search for water in every direction in the neighbourhood of the head, which ap

tober, and parties landed to commence immediate operations with the axe and saw. The projection of land fixed upon for the site of a town, was named after the commandant (Captain Barlow). The cove in which the ships were at anchor was named King's Cove by Captain

quire, formerly surgeon of the 102nd Regiment, who has served so long and

NDAS, TAKEN FRO

COCKBURN AT ME

n, between Bathurst

by Lieutenant J.S.

F KING

ty-five yards in length by fifty wide; to be built of the trunks of the felled trees, and to be surrounded by a ditch ten feet wide and deep. On the memorable 21st of O

nging to the establishment, and about thirty huts of various kinds were erected, and thatched with rushes for the soldiers and convicts. A deep well was sunk near the fort; a goo

and overcome with the greatest zeal and perseverance, and the works proceeded with such spirit and alacrity, that we were enabled to sail for Bombay on the 13th of November, without exposing the new settlement either to the jealousy of the Malays, or the mischievous attack of the natives. No traces of the former people were observed at this place, nor any of the trepang that would be their sole inducement for visiting it. Not one native made his appearance before the early part of November when, as if by signal, a party of about eighteen on each shore communicated with us on the same day and were very friendly, although exceedingly suspicious and timid. They would not venture within the line of the outer hut and always came armed, but laid aside their

s a boy of the above description was noticed among them; he was brought down upon the shoul

rity. They were of course much pleased, but the next day several axes, knives, and sickles were taken by force from men employed outside the settlement, upon which they were made to understand that until these articles were restored no more would be given. This arrangement being persevered in by us, they deter

been done on either side; at the same minute however reports of musketry were heard at our watering-place and garden and proved to be in repelling an attack that about forty natives had made upon our jolly-boat watering and two men cutting grass. One of the natives was shot dead at ten yards' distance while in the act of throwing his spear; and our people thought that several others were wounded as they disappe

y forward state and consisted altogether of one hundred and twenty-six individuals of whom there were 3 or 4 women and forty-five convicts; the remainder were composed

Melville and Bathurst Islands are capable of growing all the valuable productions of the East, particularly spices, and many other equally important articles of trade: it

he chart left blank that would be highly interesting to examine and really important to know. We have but a slight knowledge also of the natural history of the continent; slight however as it is, no country has ever produced a more extraordinary assemblage of indi

y impede such a task, but all these difficulties will be gradually overcome by the indefatigable zeal of our

END

ven two very useful chapters upon the winds and weather that may be experienced upon the various coasts of this continent; as well as information respecting its general navigation and particular sailing-directions for the outer passage from Port Jackson through Torres Strait, by entering the reef

ok 1 chapter 11 and vol

s Indian Directory volu

X A. SE

TION OF THE PORTS, ISLANDS, AND COAST

T C

quarter prevail and often blow very hard; they are then accompanied by heavy rains and very thick weather: generally however from October to April they assume the character of a sea-breeze and, excepti

ccasions to set the strongest during a South-East gale. The general course of the current is in the direction of the coast, but this is not constant; for, between Port Stevens and to the southward of Port Jackson, it sometimes sets in towards it. In a gale from the South-East in the month of December 1820, it must have been setting as much to the westward as South-West. This should be attended to, part

bight between the former and New Guinea; but as Torres Strait offers but a very inconsiderable outlet the stream is turned, and sets to the southward un

in few places rise higher than six feet at the springs,

r for small craft, Port Stephens, Shoal Bay for vessels not exceeding fifty tons, and Glass House (Moreton) Bay. There are however other anchorage

e is good shelter from southerly or south-easterly winds: but the whole of these, excepting Broken Bay, are only attainable by small vessels. A large ship must keep an offing; and as the coast is not at all indented

JAC

yards off the point, and steer for Middle Head, a projecting cliff at the bottom of the bay, until the harbour opens round the Inner South Head; you may then pass on either side of the Sow and Pigs; but the eastern channel, although the narrowest, is perhaps the best; but this, in a great measure, depends upon the direction of the wind. The eastern channel is the deepest. The Sow and Pigs, or Middle Ground, is the only danger in Port Jackson: it is a bank of sand and rocks, of about eight hundred yards in length, by about three hundred and fifty in breadth: its length being in the direction of the harbour; a very small portion of it is dry, and consists of a few rocks, upon which the sea almost always breaks; they are situated upon the outer end of the shoal, and are in the line of bearing of the Outer North and the Inner South Heads. The south-western tail of the bank is chiefly of sand, with rocks scattered about it; but, on the greater portion of it, there is twelve feet water; it gradually de

mit of the Inner North Head is in a line with the inner trend of the former, bearing by compass North 23 1/2 degrees East;

yet there are some few straggling rocks off the south point of Watson's Bay, and also some round Shark's Island. There is good anchorage in all parts of the harbour, when within Middle and the South Heads. The

than twenty ships swinging at their moorings. The shores are bold to, and, excepting the

paying a small sum according to the length of time it is engaged. Wood and water are easily obtained from the north shore of the port;

it is high water at Sydney Cove at half past eight o'clock, but at the heads, it precedes this tim

1822, to be 8 degr

nd 9 degrees 6

9 degrees 42

hought necessary to descant further upon the nature of the winds and currents of the east coast; since this

ccording to Lieutenant Jeffreys, R.N., who commanded the hired armed transport Kangaroo, the latter harbour ha

t the wharf, in a line: the anchorage is about two hundred yards from the wharf in three fathoms. The shoals on the west side are dangerous, and several vessels have been wrecked upon them in going in. The above information is from a plan drawn by Lieutenant Jeffreys, in the Hydrographical Office at the Admiralty: it was drawn in the year 1816; since which a portion of the labour of the convicts has been employed in building a breakwa

, on account of the shoals that are near its entrance. Point Stephens is in l

ude 32 degrees 11 minutes 50 seconds, HARRINGTON'S Lake, in 32 degrees 0 minutes, and FARQUHAR'S Lake, in latitude 31 degrees 54 minutes; they were discovered by Lieutenant Oxley on his return from his land

uarter of a mile in extent, and bears South 85 degrees East from the South Brother; a small detached portion of the reef is separated from the principal rock, within which there appeared to be a narrow navigable channel. A quarter of a mile without the l

e banks of sand that project from the low north sandy point of entrance, on which the sea breaks and forms sand rollers; these however serve to indicate the edge of the channel, which is about ninety yards wide. The south shore e

ar stretches across towards the sand rollers, and

few yards of the shoalest part of the bar. After passing the bar, there are from two to four fathoms water. Since the examination of this harbour, a penal settlement has been formed, and a pilot appointed to conduct vessels in and out. Off the entrance is a high rocky islet, the Nobby, wit

nce 31 degrees 25 min

grees 57 minutes

pass 10 degrees 11 m

ll and change 8

s four to

atitude 30 degrees 55 minutes 40 seconds,

g southerly winds: it is situated on the north side of Smoky Cape, and affords an anchorage in three fathoms, protected from the sea as far as North-East by East. Fresh wa

following description of it is from Captain Flinde

h boats can scarcely pass when the tide is out. High water appeared to take place about seven hours after the moon's passage; at which time a ship not drawing more than fourteen feet might venture in, if severely pressed. Shoal Bay is diff

itude 153 degrees 37 minutes 20 seconds. MOUNT WARNING is in l

twelve feet water, it is situated about a mile and a half to the north of

th side of Moreton Bay, insulating the land whose north extremity is Poin

has lately discovered the Brisbane, a very fine fresh water river that falls into it in 27

ice-stone River; but as Captain Cook bestowed the name of Moreton Bay upon the strait to the south of Moreton Island, that name has a prior claim, and is now ge

linders Intro

one of the government colonial vessels; he found it to be a good port, having in its entrance a channel of not less

5 degrees 1 minute, and long

X A. SE

AND OF THE PORTS, ISLANDS, AND COAST

-EAST

and August, the only season that I have any experience of the winds and weather upon the north-east coast; the weathe

from the southward, and seldom or ever veer to the westward of south, or to the eastward of South-East by East; they generally are from South-South-East: fresh winds cause the weather to be hazy, and sometimes bring rain, which renders the navigation among the reefs in some degree dangerous. In my last voyage up the coast, on approaching Cape York, the weather was so thick that we could not see more than a quarter of a mile ahead; we, however, ran from reef to reef, and always saw them in sufficient time to

assage is not apparently so safe, on account of the changeable weather that may be encountered, which to a stranger would create much anxiety, although no real danger. Strict

, but at a very slow rate. In the neighbourhood of the reefs, the stream sometimes sets at the rate of a knot or in some cases at tw

ter either, so that I have nothing to offer in addition to the valuable information of those navigato

t more than three-quarters of a mile long, and about a quarter of a mile broad; it is dangerous to approach at night, from being very low. It is situated thirty miles North 53 degrees

les and a half to the North-West of the north-westernmost (or 3rd islet) is a large shoal, which, from the heavy breakers upon it, is probably a part of the barrier or outer reefs. The centre island (or 2nd) of the group is in latitude 23 degrees 51 min

uite free from danger: we passed within a quarter of a mile of the south e

ng round the point, steer for Middle Head, a projecting rocky point covered with trees, keeping the centre of it in the bearing of about South (magnetic); you will then carry first five, then six and seven fathoms: when you are abreast of the north

nd Middle Head, and at about one third of a mile from the former, you will have seven, eight, and nine fathoms water, until it bears North by East when it shoals to five fathoms. The situation of the extremity of the low sandy

ot shoalen until you are in a line with the n

ow sandy point, but it was not thought to be a durable stream. Wo

the south end of the island, but there is every probability of it. The inlet round Cape Clinton affords good anchorage: but in the mid-channel the depth is as much as eighteen fathoms; the sands on the western side of the inlet are steep to, and should be avoided, for the tide sweeps upon them. The best anchorage is in the sandy bay round the inner trend of the cape (latitude 22 degrees 31 minutes 40 seconds, longitude 150 degrees 44 minutes) where both wood and water are convenient. In stee

rth 1/4 East by compass, from the high round island, and N

ys). The tide did not rise more than six feet, but it wanted three days to the springs. Captain Flinders supposes the spring tides to rise not less than fifteen feet

land, is a low rock which, at high water, is very little above the surface of the sea; it is very dangerous because i

he west end of Percy Island Number 1, are some rocks, but I am not aware

land Number 1, whence they bore South 60 degrees West (magnetic) and were supposed to be distan

th facility, and water also, unless the streams fail in the dry season. Captain Flinders was at these islands at the latter end of September, and found it abundant. The flood-tide comes from the north-east; at the anchorage in the channel, between the pine islets and Number 2, the flood sets to the south, and the ebb to the north; the maximum rate was one and a quarter knot. High water occurred at the latter place two hours and a half before the moon's passage; but on the followin

water, and at one time had as little as three fathoms (Hawkesworth volume 3 page 131); and the merchant ship Lady Elliot, in the year 1815, met w

east water that was found, but, being then high water, five or six feet, if not more, may be deducted, to reduce it to the proper low water sounding. There was no appearance of shoaler water

minutes 40 seconds, and longitude 149 degrees 0 minutes 15 seconds: being high land, it

ly wooded, particularly with pines, which grow to a larger size than at the Percy Isles. We did not land upon any of them; they appeared to be of bold ap

25 seconds) is about three-quarters of a mile in diameter; it is of peaked sha

ile and a quarter in diameter, and has a considerable reef stretching for more than a mile a

nds) is of hummocky shape; it has also a reef off its south-east and north-west

islets of moderate height. All these islands are surrounded

1/2, in latitude 20 degrees 58 minutes, and the two sandy i

seven miles; l 2, in latitude 20 degrees 45 minutes 40 seconds, longitude 149 degrees 33 minutes 55 seconds, is the island on which Captain Flinders landed, and describes in volume 2 page 94; he says, "This little island is of triangular shape, and each side of it is a mile long; it is s

seconds and longitude 149 degrees 15 minutes 15 seconds, is eight hundred and seventy-four

re not within twelve miles of them. On the principal island is LINNE PEAK, in latitude 20 degrees 40 mi

high. The group consists of several islands; it is separated from the next to the northward by a channel five miles wide. In the centre is PENTECOST ISLAND, a remarkable rock,

appear to be better furnished with wood, and more fertile t

broad: it has several bays on either side, and off its south-eastern end are four small islands: beyond them is a range of rocky islets. The northernmost island of this range is the extremity of the Cumberland Islands, as well as the

extremity of the bay was not distinctly traced, but it is probable, upon examining it, th

quarter of a mile from them. The summit of the largest island is in latitude 20 degrees 37 minute

ear the latter cape the tide rose twelve feet, but close to the Repulse Isles, the rise was eighteen feet. At the former place, the moon being full, high water took place

rter of a mile from Cape Conway, and a sandbank (that is probably dry, or nearly so at low water) off Round Head, is free from danger. The shores appear to be bold to, and

d by keeping well over to the east shore; for the tide there sets across the strait; it is abou

t of the strength of the tides; and to the north of Round Head is another bay, the bottom of which is an isthmus of about a mile wide, s

s a steep point, sloping off to the eastward: immediately on its north side is a small shingly beach, a few yards behind which there is a hollow, containing

d not ascertain whether it is navigable. The head is a high, bluff point, clothed with pine-trees: near it the tide runs in strong eddies, and for that reason it ought not to be approached nearer than half a mile; it

rotected from the north-east by a group of small islands, thickly wooded. Hence the land trends to the north-west towards Cape Gloucester; the shore was very indistinctly seen, but

rms a small peak, and is visible from Repulse Bay, as well as from the northern extremity of the Cumberland Islands: it is four t

bably empties itself into Repulse and Edgecumbe Bays, or it may

mmit, which is visible at the distance of twenty leagues: between this range, which is at the distance of from five to seven leagues from the sea, and the coast, are several ridges gradually lowering in altitude as they appro

titude 19 degrees 57 minutes 24 seconds, longitude 148 degrees 23 minutes 38 seconds: it is eighteen hundred and seventy-four feet high, and its summit is a ridge of peaks: its shores are rocky and steep; and, although the sides of the hills are wooded, yet it has a sombre and heavy appea

rds excellent shelter; and between Middle Island (a small rocky islet of a mile and half in extent) and Gloucester Island there is good anchorage in seven fathoms muddy bottom, with protection from all winds. We did not examine the bay farther than passing round M

es, and has three small islets near it: it is in latitude 19 degrees

is in latitude 19 degrees 41 minutes 50 seconds, and longitude 147 degrees 44 minutes 30 seconds. This point separates two deep bays, both of which were of very inviting appearance, on account of the high and broken character of the gullies on eit

le, and serve as an excellent guide, this part of the coast would be very dangerous to approach, particularly in the night, when these marks cannot be seen, when great attention must be paid to the lead. A ship passing this projection should not come into shoaler water than eleven fathoms; and, in directing a course from abreast of Mount U

veland Bay from a deep sinuosity that extends under the base of Mount Eliot, a high range with a rounded hill and a peak, the latter being at the south extremity of its summit. Mount E

h the point bearing to the southward of West 1/2 South a ship is safe: there is a breaker near the extremity of the reef, at abou

tude 19 degrees 33 minutes 10 seconds, and

the cape, and is left dry at half ebb; it fronts a sandy beach that commences at a mile and a half to the south of the cape, and extends to the southward for ne

. Wood for fuel is plentiful, and grows close to the beach, and may be embarked with facility; the best place is a

titude 18 degrees 43 minutes 5 seconds, longitude 146 degrees 35 minutes 15 seconds: this group consists of nineteen islands, one only of which is of la

miles long; between it and Number 2 is a wide channel with nine fathoms. The Lady Elliot, merchant ship, in 1815, struck upon a reef in 18 degrees 45 minutes, about four mi

n which the San Antonio, merchant brig, struck: its position was

nd longitude 146 degrees 20 minutes; it is a low poin

rd from the base of Mount Hinchinbrook, which is so high as to be visible for eighteen le

cape is in latitude 18 degrees 13 minutes 20 seconds, and longitude 146 degrees 16 minutes 40 seconds. The peak a

h; they consist of three rocky islets, besides some of

for five miles to a point, which is terminated by a hill. Between this and G

grees 9 minutes, is about two miles long: the south-west point of the island is a long strip of low land, with a sandy beach; at the eastern end

at may probably communicate with an inlet on the south side of Point Hillock, and insulate the land of

endly here, and will com

n small rocky islets, covere

s in latitude 17 degrees 58 minutes, and longitude 146 degrees 8 minutes 45 seconds.

on for six miles to the south of Double Point. Three miles to the south of the sout

e of Point Cooper is another; but neither appeared to be navigable for boats. Abreast of Frankland's Islands, and near the south end of a sandy bay of six miles in extent, there is another opening like a river, that, from the appearance of the land behind, which is low and of a verdant charac

character than the others, which are very low, and connected by a reef. The largest islan

lands; the outermost is Fitzroy Island, but the others are hills upon the main. The easternmost of the latter, Cape Grafton, is conspicuous for having two small peaks, like notches, on the west extremity of it

s between North-West and North-East. In the former case the anchor may be dropped in nine fathoms, at a quarter to half a mile from the beach of the island. The north extremity of Cape Grafton is in la

of which is in latitude 16 degrees 55 minutes 21 seconds, and longitude 145 degrees 56 minutes 21 seconds. Nine miles to the eastward of Fitzroy Island is a

the centre of which is in latitude 16 degrees 17 minutes 35 seconds, and longitude 145 degrees 27 minutes 40 seconds, is TRINITY BAY; the shores of which were not very distinctly seen. At the south side, and

rees 34 minutes is a group consisting of three coral islands

we saw none beyond Green Island: those that are laid do

to the northward of Green Island from

orms the northern limit of Trinity Bay; i

is the north-west end of a shoal, extending to the South 41 degrees East f

ve that, in latitude 16 degrees 17 minutes 35 seconds, longitude 145 degrees 27 minutes 40 seconds, they are not more than twenty miles from it. The cape has a hillock at its extremity, an

ly four feet water over it; the anchorage off it is too much exposed to be safe. The river runs up for four or fiv

ticularly abreast of the Hope Islands. These islands open of each other in a North 39 degrees East direction, and appear to be con

st be paid in navigating amongst them; but, with a careful look out from the

fathoms: a is about half a mile in diameter, with a few rocks above water; its centre is in 15 degrees 43 m

20 seconds: it is divided from Endeavour Reef by a channel of nearly a mile wide, and fifteen fathoms deep: abreast of the

rth-West direction; the north end, in 15 degrees 3

n length; its latitude is 15 degrees 32 m

rees 29 minutes 30 seconds. Between c and d and the shore the passage is from t

ning at the bottom, but not deep enough for ships: it was this bay tha

two and a half fathoms on it when the summit of Mount Cook bore South 66 degrees West (magnetic) and the outer extreme of Point Monkhouse South 18 degrees West (magnetic). On

onds,* forms a very good port for small vessels; and, in a case of distress, might be useful for large ships, as it proved to our cel

g my visits to that place in 1819 and 1820, as follows: Latitude by meridional altitudes of the sun, take

t quarter of the moon) containing one hundred and seventeen

quarter of the moon) containing one hundred and fifty si

sets: 145 degrees 10

he entrance is a low sandy beach of two miles and a quarter in length: at its north end a range of hills rises abruptly, and extends for

ater, not more than ten feet: the channel over the bar is close to the south side, for the sandbank extends from the low s

sight, but not open, or you will be too near the spit: the best way is, having opened it, haul in a little to the southward, and shut it in again: you may pass within ten yards of point d; and the best anchorage is just within it; the vessel may be secured head and stern to trees on the beach, with bow and stern anchors to steady her. No vessel of a greater draught than twelve feet should enter the harbour; and this vessel may even moor in four fathoms within her own length of the shore, with the outer trend just shut in by the mangrove point a. The watering-place is a stream that empties itself into the

ms a steep slope to the sea: it appeared to be bold to.* Between it and Cape Flattery is a bay backed by low land, abo

nds for nearly a mile round

d rocky, and forms two distinct hills. The summit of the cape is in latitude 14

, and to the northward of Cape Flattery, about two miles apart from each oth

LOOKOUT, forming a peaked hill at the extremity of a low sandy projection, wh

iles nearly due East from the entrance of Endeavour River, in latitude 15

45 degrees 22 minutes 50 seconds: its interior is occupied, like most others, by a shoal lagoon; it is entirely of coral, and has abundance of shellfish; it was here that Captain Cook procured

is a group of low coral islets covered with shrubs, and en

ooded island, about a mile long, also surrounded by a ree

it appeared to be about three miles long: its western extreme is in l

f: the largest islet is in latitude 15 degrees 1 minute 20

a half long: its south end is in latitude 15 degrees 0 minu

s outer edge: it is more than four miles long, and sepa

l, there is a bare sandy islet that is perhaps occasionally covered by the tide: its south-westernmost extremity and the summit

nutes, has a dry sand upon it: its s

ncertain, near its western side is a dry key

f Eagle Island. In Captain Cook's rough chart there is twelv

of a considerable shoal; its latitude is 14 degrees 42 minut

al shape, and might be seen more than five or six leagues off was it not for the hazy weather that always exists in the neighbourhood of the reefs; the northernmost is in latitude

outh side is an extensive reef encompassing three islets, of which two are high and rocky: the best anchorage is on its western side under the summit; with the high northernmost of

y a horse-shoe shaped coral reef, and consist of six islands, all low and bushy. The

no reef was seen to project from it; it is in the meridian of the o

a mile and a half North 64 degr

le in extent, separated from

a shoal extending from Point Lookout along the shore to the West-North-W

appeared to be merely the several dry parts of the shoal that extends from Point Lookout to Noble Island; between them and the latter island, are two patches of dry

f which there is possibly a rivulet; that to the eastward of the cape trends in and forms a deep bight. On the western side of the hills of Cape Bowen there is a track o

itude 14 degrees 32 minutes 40 seconds, and longitude 144 degrees 55 minutes 20 seconds; it is nearly three miles long; the re

proach, but the opposite side of the strait is bold to; the anchorage is tolerably good. The Mermaid drove, b

1 and the reef r there is probably a clear channel of about a mile wide:

cupy the space to the northward and eas

wooded, and surrounded by

l islet off

ile on its western side. 6 is of larger size than the generality of the low islands hereabout, Number 1 excepted: its centre is

e 14 degrees 34 minutes, and longitu

est end; although small it is very conspicuous; and, when first seen fr

as dry for a considerable extent; t, one mile to the north, was covered; but there is a dry sandy key on u, bearing

r for nearly ten miles; there was, however, a space of three miles between them, where a channel m

heavily upon their outer edge; there were, however, considerable spaces where no breakers ap

ater than four fathoms, and within our course it appeared to be very shoal: there is doubtless a channel leading to the opening; but, to the name of harb

d one mile and three quarters North 55 degrees East from the point are two small patches of coral, under water;

hore; in this interval there are two or three sandy beaches, but I doubt the practicability of landing upon them in a boat. The summit and sides of the hills that fo

thirteen wide, the western side being formed by Flinders' Group. A reef extends for more than two miles off Cape Melville in a North West by North direction, on which some rounded stones, similar to those upon the land, are heaped up above the sea: there is also one of these heaps at the extremity of the reef, out

onds, longitude 144 degrees 26 minutes 5 seconds; they are surrounded by a reef, lying two miles and a half from the

ing land between them, at the extremity of which there is a peak; these openings are doubtless

long. The peak of the largest island, in latitude 14 degrees 11 minutes 5 seconds, and longitude 144 degrees 12 minutes 5 seconds, is vi

by a coral reef, but it is too exposed to the prevailing winds to be s

; it may be passed close to with twelve fathoms: the best anchorage is under the flat-topped hill, at a quarter of a mile from the

wooded island of more t

longitude 144 degrees 11 minutes 45 seconds, and, being a bare black rock, with no apparent vegetation, is a conspicuous o

ssage to India. The following marks for it were obligingly communicated to me by Captain M.J. Curri

1822. I sent a boat to examine this shoal in making the same passage in August, 1823, and found it to be under the following bearings (by compass): namely, Cape Flinders, South-West by West 3/4 West; the high peak on the south-east part of Flinders' Group, South 1/4 West; the highest of Clack's Islands, North-West 1/2

north island of Flinders' Group, and the centre of the low wooded island, and is nearly joi

two miles deep, and thirty-one broad; its shores are low, and at the

-topped hill at the bottom of the bay, rising abruptly from the surrounding low land: it is about five miles from the coast; its sum

his no part of the interior can be seen until in latitude 13 degrees 55 minutes, when the south end of a ridge of hills commences at about seven miles behind the beach, which it gradu

uth-West by West for seventeen miles: its south-west end bears No

r shape, and from a mile to a third of a mile in diameter: d is the largest, and bears

r quite smooth, and little or no set of tide on passing them. On the southwest extremity of g, in latitude 14 degrees 1 minute 20 seconds, longitude 143 degrees 50 minutes, there is a dry sandy key, as there is als

meter, and has a dry sandy key at its north-west end; it i

dy key upon it, four miles t

s of trees, which at a distance give it the appearance of being two small islets: it is low, and, like the other islands of its character, ma

extent, but generally not more than one-third of a mile wide: its greatest width is not more tha

s wide. At its south-west end, where there is an extensive dry sandy key, and some dry rocks, it is two miles wide: but towards its northern end it tapers away to the bread

ith m. At its westernmost end, about four miles North by East

as to see the termination of the latter, upon which the sea was breaking, which afforded a proof of it

t in attempting to cross t

d; they are from six to seven miles apart, excepting 4 and 5, which are separated by a channel only a mile and a half wide: off the

: CLAREM

DE IN DEGREES, M

UDE IN DEGREES,

13 56 20

13 51 30

13 46 45

13 40 00

there is another reef, that may be connected to it; o has a dry sand near its western extr

minutes 26 seconds, is a very small, low, woody islet, with a reef

the summit of Cape Sidmouth; this reef is not more than a quarter of a mile in extent, and has a rock in it

e sea; it lies about two miles from the shore, a

ble until close to it; it bears South 60 degrees E

there is a rounded summit: at the extremity of the cape there are two remarkable lumps on the land, in latitude 13 degrees 24 minutes 20 s

hbouring reefs, s and t, it is perhaps rocky also, and may be connected with them. It lies fou

6 1/2 is four miles and a half in length, and that off 7 is two miles and a half long: 6 1/2 is in latitude 13 degrees 23 minutes 20 seconds,

hoal marks on the water were observed opposite these islands, but their existence w

s surrounded by a coral reef, that does not extend more than a quarter of a mile from its northern end. On the south side, and within it, the space seemed to be much occupied by reefs, but they were no

and; one bore East-North-East, two miles and a half from its no

miles North 18 degrees West from the north end of Night Island; there is a

mile and a quarter in extent; its cent

ng for a mile to the South-East; the south-westernmost is in 12 degrees 58 m

a reef of small extent; abreast of it is a rocky islet, lying about a mil

ing in the hills; the high land then continues to the northward to Cape Direction, which has a peak near its extremity, close off which are two small rocks, but

about six miles round the north side

certained; it appeared to be about two miles to t

they are separated from each other by a channel a mile wide; y i

extends for two miles in an east direction, and is a mile broad: a bears nearly east, nin

where the land was very low; the hilly country to the south of Cape Direction also ceases, and

0 minutes 35 seconds. RESTORATION ISLAND, off the cape, is high, and of conical shape; about a mile East-South-East from it is a small rocky islet. The coas

four or five miles North-West fr

tes, longitude 143 degrees 11 minutes 15 seconds: it has a reef off it according to Lieutenant Jeffre

ry low and sandy; with the exception of CAPE GRENVILLE, which is the rocky projection that forms the north extremity of Temple Bay. A little to the south of t

, in latitude 12 degrees 35 minutes 20 seconds, longitude 1

nel between c and e: it is covered, and

24 minutes; and in longitude 143 degrees 16 minutes: it is entirely covered, except a few dry rocks at its north-west end: the so

rock: it is in the neighbourhood of this reef that the merchant ship, Morning Star, was lost. Q

y rock upon it (in latitude 12 degrees 18 minutes 20 seconds, and longitu

group occupies a space of about two miles. The summit of Forbes' Island is in latitu

e mile long, and separated from i by a narrow pass. The south end of

e former is covered, but the latter has a dry sandy key at its north-west end, in lat

fs have each two islets upon them, and a dry rocky key round their western edge: the centre of the narrowest part of the channel betw

with a dry rock at its east end, in latitude 12 degrees 9

a mile in extent, in latitude 12 degrees 6 minutes 50 se

a dry rock at its north end; it bears South 40 degrees

here is a safe passage between these reefs and Haggerston's Island, of a mile and a half wide; but there is a small reef detached from the north-west end of n, which should be avoided, although there is

from the summit of Haggerston's Island, as was also another reef, seve

rly two miles in length; its northern side is furnished with some trees and a sandy beach. At the north end of the reef are two dry patches of sand and rocks. It is separated from the islands of Sir Everard

the south-easternmost has a hillock, or clump of trees, at its south-east extremity, in latitude 11 degrees 57 minutes 40 seconds, and longitude 143 degrees 11 minutes. The outer part of this group is bold to, and the is

DAY ISLAND, elevated and rocky, but not so high as H

latitude 11 degrees 55 minutes, five or six miles

ive or six leagues off; the summit is in latitude 11 degrees 53 m

and s, a reef, with a

ocky, and may be see

miles and a half from the southernmost Cockburn Island, and there are m

seen at a distance, and appeared

: the islands are at the outer verge of the reef, and may be passed within a quarter of a mile; the north-e

small; they are encompassed by a reef of more than three miles long, and

st is near the extremity of the reef encircling the whole, and is in latitude 11

three-quarters, and another at two miles and a h

ween it and Hannibal's Islands is two miles and a half wide: w is nearly four miles long, and is entirely covered; the course between them is west, but, by hauling close round the east end of v, a

irection of about North-West. 4, 5, and 6, are sandy islets covered with bushes, on small detached reefs, with, apparently, a passage between each: 4 is in latitude 11 degrees 22 minutes 30 seconds. 7, a small bushy island,* is separated from CAIRNCROSS ISLAND by a channel two miles wide. The latter is a small woody island, situated at the north-west end of a coral reef, more than two miles long and

ds for two miles to the southw

five miles to the eastward of Cairncross I

y, but its position was

he shape of which, being flat-topped, is very remarkable: the hill is in latitude

t few sinuosities in its coast line: it is exposed to the trade wind, whic

d on the north side of the entrance is probably an island, for an opening was observed in Newcastle Bay, trending to the south, which may communicate with the river. The entrance is defended by a b

d apparently of a sandy character; at the bottom there is a considerable

ngitude 142 degrees 38 minutes 40 seconds; it is separated by a channel three miles wide from reef x, which has a dry sand at its north end, in lati

s and a half long, and three miles and a quarter; neither of them appeared to be a mile in wi

e York, is a group of high rocky islands, ALBANY ISLES; and immediately off the point is

and 15, were only

ieutenant Bligh's chart, are

a small peak, and a reef extends for less than a quarter of a mile from it; the peak is in

ill upon it, MOUNT ADOLPHUS,* in latitude 10 degrees 38 minutes 20 seconds, and longitude 142 degrees 36 minutes 25 seconds. Off the south-east end of this

west side or Mount Adolphus, but i

re is also an island close to the point with a conical hill upon it, which has perhaps been hitherto taken for the cape; from which it is separated by a shoal strait half a mile wide; the latitude of the summit is 10 degrees 41 minutes

utes 50 seconds, and longitude 142 degrees 27 minutes 45 seconds; it is of small size, and surrounded by deep

er 1 is a small conical hill; 2 is hummocky; 3, 4, and 6, are very small; 5 makes with a hollow in its centre, like the seat of a saddle. The passage between 2 and the smal

egrees 8 minutes 35 seconds) to the westward, and is probably connected with a strip of sand that stretches from Wallis' Isles to Shoal Cape. We crossed it with

est of HORNED HILL (latitude 10 degrees 36 minutes 35 seconds, longitude 142 degrees 15 minutes) which may probably communicate with Wolf's Bay; the strait to th

, and longitude 142 degrees 15 minutes, may be approached close, but a consid

three-quarters from the north end of Wednesday Island. Captain Flinders passed through the st

om it, is the reef d,* which is generally covered; the latter bears South 75 degrees West three miles and a quarter from the rock off Hammond's Island, and abou

n is at first observed. There is also a narrow strip of rocks extending for a short

oral bank, many parts of which are dry; it is ten or eleven miles long; the channel betwe

south-west end has a shoal projecting from it for half a mile, but its other sides are bold to. In a North 70 degrees East direction from it, at the distance of two miles an

s in length, extending in an east and west direction, a few

X A. SE

, AND OF THE PORTS AND COAST BETWEEN

reases. At noon the sea-wind rushes in towards the land, and generally blows fresh from East; at sunset it veers to the North-East, and falls calm, which lasts the whole night, so that if a ship, making a course, does not keep at a moderate distance from the land, she is subject to delay; she would not, however, probably have so fresh a breeze in the day time. Later in the season of the easterly monsoon, in August, September, and October, calms are frequent, and the heat is sultry and oppressive; this weather sometimes lasts for a fortnight or three weeks at a time. The easterly monsoon commences about the 1st of April, with squally, rainy weather, but, in a week or ten days, settles to fine weather and steady winds in the offing, and regular land and sea breezes, a

Wessel and Van Diemen it is not stronger, and its course in the easterly monsoon, when only we had an

ull and change at Liverpool River, and Goulburn Island at six o'clock, at the entrance of the Alligator Rivers in Van Diemen's Gulf, at 8 hours 15 minutes, and at the south end of Apsle

e place at full and change at 5 hours 45 minutes; and in King's Cov

n. Off Cape Wessel it is between 3 and 4 degrees East; at Liverpool River about 1 3/4 degrees Ea

he needle at Goulburn Island

, which is called in my chart BROWN'S STRAIT, he saw no part of the coast to the westward of that point, nor did he even see Cape Wessel, the extremity of the range of Wessel's Islands, which terminate in latitude 10 degrees 59 1/4 minutes, and longitude 135 degrees 46 minutes 30 seconds. The gr

xtends for eight miles North-North-East 1/2 East from the point. In Brown's Strait the tide sets at the rate of three and a half and four miles per hour; the flood runs to the southward through the strait. To the westward of Point Dale the coast extends

e western head of the bay, the coast is very much indented, and probably contains several openings or rivulets, particularly two at the bottom of the bay. The beach is generally sandy, with rocky points, and the shore is wooded to the beach; the interior was in no part visible over the coast hills, which are very low and level. From

extent, but not more than seven deep; near its western end there is a

rees 14 minutes 50 seconds. The entrance is from one and a quarter to two miles wide. The reef extends for half a mile from Haul-round Islet, close without which the water is deep, the least depth in the entrance is five and three-quarter fathoms; and, in some parts there are thirteen and fourteen fathoms: at seven miles within Haul-round Islet, the depth decreases to fou

as not examined. For the next thirty miles the coast is very much indented, and has some deep bays on either side of Point Barclay, as also one to the eastward of Point Turner, at the bottom of which an opening, a mile in width, is probably a river. Here also the feature of the coast is altered, being low and level to the eastward as far as Point Dale, without a hill or rising ground

range, on which there are four remarkable ridges, o

deep enough for a ship of any size to pass through; the latitude of the centre of this strait is 11 degrees 32 minutes. Macquarie Strait separates the southernmost from the main, and

uarter fathoms deep. The Bottle Rock was one of our fixed points, and is placed in latitude 11 degrees 37 minutes 24 seconds, and longitude 133 degrees 19 minutes 40 seconds. The bay affords a convenient place for wooding and watering; the latter may be had during the early mo

he shore. The flood-tide here sets to the eastward, and it is high water at full and change in the strait at six o'clock; the rise of the tide is n

range of cliffs to the southward of the point; with a solitary tree near its extremity, hence the land is rocky towards De Courcy Head, which is a cliffy projection in latitude 11 degrees 17 minutes 30 seconds; thence the shore continues rocky to Cape Cockburn, a low

ly deep channels between them. Between New Year's and McCluer's Islands, the channel is nearly eight miles wide and eighteen and nineteen fathoms deep. A reef extends off the north-west end of the latter island for nearly three miles, and the ground is rocky and shoal for some distance off the north-east end of Oxley's Island. Grant's Island is higher than the others, which are merely small woody islets, the centre is in 11 degrees 10 minutes.

43 minutes; four miles and a quarter West-North-West from it is a covered sandbank having nine feet water near its e

ing Croker's Island from the main; it is ten or eleven miles in length,

remity is in 10 degrees 58 minutes 30 seconds latitude, and 132 degrees 34 minutes 10 seconds longitude; about thre

ur miles and a half wide, and nearly three deep. The shore is rocky for a mile off, and th

homs, but in mid-channel the depth was as much as eleven fathoms. A considerable reef projects off the east end for more than a mile. The

ep, and from two to three broad: beyond High Point the depth is not m

its bottom of very little importance. At the north-east end of the bay, separated from the point by a channel a mil

n miles and a quarter deep, and from five to three wide; independent of its Inner Harbour, which, with a navigable entrance

bluff point that forms the east head of Knocker's Bay. The western side of the entrance to Inner Harbour,

oint Record of Captai

ef of rocks, some of which are dry; this danger, when in a line with a remarkable cliff two miles and a quar

s mud, and in the centre of the western basin the depth is five fathoms mud. The shores are higher than usual, and are varied by sandy beaches and cliffs, some of white and others of a red colour. The western side of the port was not visited, and our tracks an

he shore; the reef projects into the sea for nearly a mile farther, and apparently extends to the South-West to the north head of POPHAM BAY, which has a small opening at the bottom, but of shoal approach; good anchorage may be had in Popham Bay in five and six fathoms, a

n miles wide and very deep; the other, CLARENCE STRAIT, is seventeen miles wide, and communicates with the sea round the south sides of Melville

rt within them twenty miles deep and from three to six broad; the entrance to it is round the north end of GREENHILL ISLAND, which is separated from the land of the peninsula, by a strait a mile and a half wide: the depth in mid-c

he westernmost (or centre) is fronted by FIELD ISLAND, the centre of which is in 12 degrees 6 minutes latitude, and 132 degrees 25 minutes 10 seconds longitude. These rive

ngton Range, of which they might be considered a part: but between the rivers and Clarence Strait the country is low and flat,

thirty-five wide. The narrowest part is at about its centre, between Cape Gambier and Cape Eldon, and in this space is a group

s 56 minutes 20 seconds; and there also appeared to be a wide and safe channel on the south side; bu

Gulf; its greatest length from Cape Van Diemen to Cape Keith being seventy-two miles

on its north coast; and from the appearance of the land on its east side, and the extent and abrupt shape of the hills, it is probable that there may be a port there also. BRENTON BAY is the mouth of a small inlet, which may probably prove to be a fresh-water stream; and the bottom of LETHBRIDGE BAY appeared likely to yield one also. The hills and coast are

; and, curving round to PIPER'S HEAD, forms the northern limit of the entrance to Apsley Strait: its western edge is rather steep; we coasted along it, and had overfalls between ten and four fathoms near its edge. It is not only possible, but very likely, that there are channels through it, but the most direct channel is round its south side, across the bar, on which there is (at low water) five fathoms. To sail into APSLEY STRAIT by this channel, if coming from the westward, steer in on the parallel of 11 degrees 15 minutes, until the northern part of Bathurst Island is seen: when the western trend of the island bears South, you will be abre

int Brace of C

h 40 degrees East; the channel then is from seventeen to eighteen fathoms deep, and shoals

sets to the southward, and the ebb, from Van Diemen's Gulf out of Clarence Strait, runs through the strait to the north, which must cause many shoals off the south entrance; the depth is generally from ten to thirteen fathoms, but is very ir

ting cliffy points (Twin Cliffs) terminate a sandy bay, from which wood and, probably, water may be obtained. PORT HURD, at the bottom of Gordon Bay, in latitude 11 degrees 39 minutes 30 seconds, is a mere salt-water inlet, running up in a South-East direction for eight miles; it then separates into two creeks that wind under each side of a wooded hill; the entrance is three-quarters of a mile wide, and

few ranges of hills that may rise to the height of two hundr

sandhills: but, for the next fifteen mil

X A. SE

ESCRIPTION OF THE COAST BETWEEN CLAR

-WEST

northward; excepting in the narrower part between Cape Londonderry and the Sahul Bank, where, from the contracted nature of the sea, more regular winds may be expected. The easterly monsoon commences about the beginning of April

from the North-West along the land. At intervals, during the east monsoon, the wind blows strong from South-East, but only for a short time, perhaps only for a few hours. Ships may creep along the Coast of New Holland to the eastward during the easterly

-North-West and West-South-West, and, in the neighbourhood of the North-west Cape, sometimes blows hard; but even in these tr

ting, when, if more to the northward, it would be impossible for her to gain any ground. At the latter end of February the westerly winds die away

n November: in the months of September and October, to the southward of the parallel of 12 degrees, the winds are almost constant from South-West. The currents are stronger according to the regularity and strength of the wind, and generally set at

und at 12 hou

Bay at 12 hou

's River at 12 h

ared gradually to increase: the greatest that we experienced was in the vicinity of Buccaneer's Archipelago; and at t

en the former and Careening Bay it was between 1 and 1 1/2 degrees East; at Careening Bay the mean of the observations gave 3/4 of a degree West; but to the westward of that, as far as Cape Vill

he mouth of a river, but it was not examined. The opening to the eastward of the projecting point that forms the ea

nutes, is the western head of Paterson Bay: it is fronted by reefs that extend for a cons

extremity of the northern island, there is a sandy peak in latitude 13 degrees 6 minutes 30 seconds, and longitude 131 degrees 1 minute 20 seconds: the south end is overrun with mangroves, and it appeared very doubtful whether a channel existed between it and

ence the coast trends round to the southward for thirty miles to a bay, which also has a small opening at the bottom; five miles inland there is a ran

of dry rocks, occupying an extent of two miles. The channel within the heads is from two to four miles wide, and has anchorage in it between six and seven fathoms, mud. The port gradually contracts as it approaches the narrow mouth of the inlet to a mile and a half; it then trends to the south for six miles, where it is divided into two arms, that run up for six or seven miles more to the foot of a

, in latitude 14 degrees 28 minutes 30 seconds, longitude 130 degrees 17 minutes 15 seconds, the coast is still low, and was on

he south shore is lined by a considerable reef extending for seven miles from the beach. The land was very indistinctly seen at the back, but, in one part, there was a space of more than eighteen miles, in which nothing was vis

ensive reefs, which project for twenty-three miles; the north extremity of the shoal water is twenty-six miles, nearl

d terminates with a narrow spit, thirteen miles north from Lacrosse Island, in latitude 14 degrees 30 1/2 minutes. Both these banks are of san

s about two miles and a half wide, and is deepest near the island: but, at a mile from the shore, we had no bottom with fourteen and seventeen fathoms. The reefs project from Cape Dussejour for nearly three miles. On the eastern side of Lacrosse Island, within half a mile of the point, we had seven fathoms, and there was every appearanc

channel is narrowed by shoals to a width of five miles, the shores being twelve miles apart. The land on the western side of the gulf is high and rocky; but the opposite shore is very low, and apparently marshy. The b

iderable distance. This inlet was not examined. The West Arm extends down the west side of Adolphus Island for seven miles; it is then divided by a projecting point under View Hill; and, whilst one runs to the eastward and unites with the East Arm, the other continues to trend to the southward, and then opens out to an extensive basin eleven miles in length,

pposite the Bastion Hills, is low, and the gulf trends gradually round to the South-West for five miles, when it is contracted into a narrow communication, called The Gut, leading to an interior shoal basin, strewed with low marshy islands, which the tide covers. This basin terminates to the southward in a narrow stream, winding under the base of Mount Cockburn; and there also appeared to be several others falling into the basin more to the westward. The water was salt at the extremity of our exploration. The Gut leading to it is two miles long, and not so much as a quarter of a mile wide: in some parts we had n

ever, where a boat might land; particularly behind BUCKLE HEAD, and a little farther on at REVELEY ISLAND: at the latter place there is a gully in the hills, at the back of the bay, which may probably produce fresh water: this bay is near Captain Baudin's MOUNT CASUARINA, a flat-topped hill, that is

ch project for more than two miles from the shore; and, at the west head of the westernmost of the bays, is an island with a reef extending for nearly three miles from it: behind the island is another bay, that appeared to be fronted by the above reef. In the offing, and at the distance of six miles from the shore, is LESUEUR ISLAND; it is about two miles in circumference, and surrounded by a coral reef, that extends for one mile and a half from its north-east end. At thi

hich takes from it a westerly direction; there are also two small sandy islets, Stewart's Islets, at a little more than two m

nted by the reef that commences at Cape Londonderry, and projects from the shore for nea

fronted by SIR GRAHAM MOORE'S ISLANDS, one of which is eight miles long, and low, excepting at the east end, where there

n MARY ISLAND and the easternmost of the ECLIPSE ISLES (Long Island) but this space, which is nearly three m

t of which commences at eight miles to the westward of Cape Talb

and longitude 126 degrees 23 minutes) and the Eclipse Isles. The passage is from three and a half to five miles wide, and is deep and free from dange

ween it and Long Rocks, bearing South 29 1/2 degrees West, steer directly for Jar Island, until you are abreast of Middle Rock, when you may haul close round it, with fourteen and sixteen fathoms: when you have passed the Long Rocks, a course may be directed at pleasure into the bay. There is a

econds, longitude 126 degrees 11 minutes) and the reefs in the offing, is six miles wide, and probably quite safe. We did not ascertain the existence of a channel on the east side of the island, but it appeared to be free from danger, and, if so, wo

n this side the port there are many coves and bays fit for any purposes. The most secure anchorage is in the centre of the bay, where there is from seven to nine fathoms, mud, and the sea-breeze has free access: but, if a more sheltered plac

hannel is twelve fathoms deep. Its summit is in latitude 14 degree

ef commences at Cape Bougainville, and trends round to Point Gibson, where it terminates. This part of the coast is fronted by extensive reefs, which render the approach to it very dangerous: at sixteen miles to the northward of the cape there is a range, the HOLOTHURIA BA

many parts of it. Its north extremity, in latitude 13 degrees 41 1/2 minutes, is sixteen miles West 3/4 North from Troughton Island: in this space the sea is quite clear, and from sixteen to twent

e INSTITUTE ISLANDS, the three principal of which, of flat-topped shape, are called Descartes, Fenelon, and Corneille; besides these the Montesquieu Group, and Pascal and Condillac Islands, were distinguished. On the eastern side of the gulf, near the shore, are OSBORN'

ches, which are very much frequented by turtle: a reef projects off its north end for a mile and a half. The anchorage is good near the island

is quite land-locked; but equally secure anchorage may be had for five miles higher up the port, in from four t

es higher, when they become mere mangrove creeks. There is probably another inlet on the east side of Port Warrender which we did not examine, since it appeared to be less conside

od port also, but it is open to

lat-topped hill near its extremity, in latitude 14 degrees 14 minutes 30 seconds, and longitude 125 degrees 40 minutes 12 seconds; and, at three miles more to the so

they are visible for six or seven leagues from the deck: the north-easternmost is in

PSTAN ISLAND, in the south-west corner of the sound. The latter island is in latitude 14 degrees 35 minutes 20 seconds, and longitude 125 degrees 16 minutes 20 seconds. They are both rocky, and destitute of any soil but what is formed by the decomposition of the vegetables that grow upon the island. The channels between them appeared to be clear and free from hidden danger. The depth among the islands is from ten to fifteen fathoms on a muddy bottom; but the anchorage is better between Kater Island and the promontory that separates it from Walmesly Bay, than any other part. It is a very fine port, particularly near the bottom, in SWIFT'S BAY, where the depth is from four to five fathoms at low water, It is high water at full and cha

islets off the south end of Bigge's Island, and a considerable reef, through which, although there may be deep channels, yet they must be narrow. Off the north-west end of Bigge's Island are several rocky islets; the outer ones were seen by me in the Bathurst (see above): they are the MARET ISLES of Commodore Baudin; they consist of four or five principal islands, of about two miles in length, besides

the middle, is rocky: there is, however, very good anchorage near the Coronation Islands; and there is also, possibly, as good on the eastern shore to the south of CAPE

shore; and, at the bottom, they are numerous. The tide here rises at the springs twenty-nine feet. The anchorage is not so good in the entrance of the port, but a good bottom may be found as soon as Hunter's River begins to ope

in seven fathoms near the end of the first reach; its course is to the East-North-East. There is a remarkable rock at the entrance, in latitude 15 degrees 1 minute 30 seconds, and longitude 125 degrees 24 minutes. ROE'S RIVER first trends for seventeen miles to the East by South, and then, taking a sudden turn to the south, runs up for thirteen miles more; after which it tre

its width is three miles, with good anchorage all over it. At the bottom is CAREENING BAY, where the Mermaid was repaired. The latitude of the beach in 15 degrees 6 minutes 18 seconds, and longitude 125 degrees 0 minutes 46 seconds.* Port Nelson communicates with the sea to the westward of the Coronation Islands, which may b

y observations varied as much as 3 minutes 43 seconds. The mean of 15 meridional altitudes with the sextant made the latitude 15 degrees 6 minutes 22.5 seconds

1820, and August, 1821: the latter were taken at Sight Point, in Prince Regent's River, the diffe

un, containing one hundred sights with the sextant, the sun being to th

th the sextant, the sun being to the west of the moon, the longitude of Sight Point, in Prince Regent's River

the observatory 125 degrees

ngitude 124 degrees 56 minutes 5 seconds. The island is eight miles long, and from four to two wide; the others are from three to one mile in length; they are covered with vegetation, and the larger islands are well clothed with trees. The great rise of the tide would render this part of

bling an inverted bowl; and, from this description, we had no difficulty in finding it out; it is in latitude 15 degrees 0 minutes 30 seconds, and longitude 124 degrees 32 minutes 40 seconds. Among the other isla

n one mile and a half of the latter had eighteen fathoms: it appeared,

es 5 seconds, which terminates Port Nelson, to Point Adieu. It is an extensive bay or sound, and is about twenty miles in extent, with good anchorage all over

o, would insulate the land between Capes Torrens and Wellington. We did not enter Rothsay Water; and the tides and whirlpools were too rapid and dangerous to trust our small boats without running a very great risk. At the entrance of this arm, on the south shore, there appeared to be a shoal-bank. Halfway Bay offers very good anchorage out of the strength of the tides, with abundance of room to get underweigh from. The northernmost point of the bay, SIGHT POINT, has a small islet off it (LAMMAS ISLET) where the observations were taken to fix the longitude of Careening Bay. (See above.) The two bays on the opposite, or north-east shore, are shoal, and not fit for any vessel drawing more than six or seven feet; and the shores are so lined with mangroves, as in most parts to defy all attempts at landing. After passing them, the shores approach each other within three-quarters of a mile, but the south-west shore is fronted by a rocky shoal, which narrows it to less than half a mile; here the tide runs very strong, and forms whirlpools. On passing the point, the river opens into a large, spacious reach, which was called ST. GEORGE'S BASIN; and two conspicuous islands in it were called ST. ANDREW and ST. PATRICK'S ISLANDS. At the north-east corner are two remarkable hills, MOUNTS TRAFALGAR and WATERLOO: the situation of the summit of the former is in latitude 15 degrees 16 minutes 35 seconds, and longitude 125 degrees 4 minutes. The basin is from eight to nine miles in diameter, but affords no safe anchorage until a vessel is above St. Patrick's Island. The northern side of the basin is shoaler, and has two small inlets, which trend in on either side of the mounts, and run in for upwards of five miles, but they are salt. At the south side of the basin there are two or three inlets of considerable size, that trend in towards a low country. At ten miles South-East by East from the narrow entrance to the basin the river again resumes its narrow channel, and runs up so perfectly straight for fourteen mi

y there is a deep chasm in the land, yielding a fresh-water stream; beyond this the bay terminates in a shoal basin. In the offing are several rocky islets, particularly one, a high rock, which is

s long; and to the southward, in the centre of the port, a high rocky islet, the LUMP, the summit of which is situated in latitude 15 degrees 18 minutes 30 seconds, and longitude 124 degrees 37 minutes 50 seconds. The western side of the port is an extensive island, AUGUSTUS ISLAND, eleven miles long; it is high and rocky, and has several bays on its eastern side. The port affords very good anchorage, particularly between Entranc

, bluff point. In the offing, at the distance of three miles, there is a considerable range of reefs, that e

ttle more than half a mile. BYAM MARTIN'S ISLAND is separated from a range of small islets, extending North-North-East by a strait; and these last are divided from the Champagny Isles by another strait, from twenty-eight to thirty fathoms deep, through which the tide runs with great force. Off the north end of Byam Martin's Island are several smaller islets and coral reefs; the latter extend from it for more than six miles: the north-westernmost of these islets

nsiderable reefs extend off its south end, which are dry at low water; its centre is in l

er's Strait; it is twelve miles deep and eight wide. Here the tide rose and fell thirty-seven feet and a

An irregular line of coast then appeared to extend for seven leagues to the North-West, and afterwards to the westward for five or six leagues. To the westward of this, the land appeared to be less continuous, and to be formed by a mass of islands separated by deep and narrow straits, through some of which the tide was observed to rush with considerable strength, foaming and curling in its stream, as if it were rushing through a bed of rocks: this was particularly observed among the is

f stretching to the North-West, is more than three miles in diameter, and appears to be of different formation to the other, being low and flat, whilst the rest are scarcely better than a heap of stones, slightly clothed with vegetation. Between the easternmost islet and the la

is in 15 degrees 48 minutes South, and 124 degrees 4 minutes East. To the North-East of Cockell's Islands the flood-tide sets to the south; but to the westward with great strength to the South-East, and, at an anchorage ten miles to the eastward of Macleay Isles, the tide rose and fell thirty-six feet, the moon being twenty-one days old. Cockell's I

ghest island is near the south end of the group; those to the northward are small and straggling. T

nds, extending in the direction of North 60 degrees West; among which Cleft Island, so named from a remarkable cleft or chasm near its north end, and DAMPIER'S MONUMENT, are conspicuous: the latte

out a mile in diameter; three miles to the north-east of which we had irregular soundings, between thirty-eight and for

g between Point Cunningham and the islands to the eastward. Between this strait and Point Swan, a distance of eleven miles, the space is occupied by a multitude of islands and islets, separated from each other by narrow and, probably, by deep channels, through which the tide rushes with frightful rapidity. Sunday Strait is more than four miles wi

h the least water that we found was two fathoms; within this bank there is good anchorage, and ne

econds and longitude 123 degrees 10 minutes; from the northward it has the appearance of being an island, as the land t

he south of it the land was seen trending to the South by East for four or five miles, when it was lost in distance. From this anchorage no land was distinctly seen to the eastward; between the bearings of East-North-East and

; since, from the extent of the opening, the rapidity of the stream, and the great rise and fall of the tides

is eight miles wide; besides, who is to say that the land even of Cape Villaret may not also be an island? The French expedition only saw small

m its western end are two bare sandy islets, which were uncovered as we passed, but which as there was not the slightest appearance of vegetation upon it, may be covered at high water. On the western side of Adele Island, is an extensive patch of light-coloured water, in some parts of which the sea broke upon the rocks, which were only just below the surface. Th

rushes with great force, and forms a line of ripplings for ten miles to the West-North-West, through which, even in the Bathurst, we

nutes 50 seconds, and longitude 122 degrees 56 minutes 35 seconds. Between the cape and Point Swan, there is a sandy

Point Emeriau is a bay ten miles deep, backed by very low sandy land; and five miles further is another bay, that appeared to be very shoal: thence the coast extends to th

north-westernmost is in latitude 16 degrees 49 minutes 40 seconds, and longitude 122 degrees 7 minutes 20 seconds: they are low and slightly clothed with bushes, and seem to be little more than the dry

s 50 minutes 30 seconds, the French have placed a reef, BAN

by low land. The bottom of the bay was not distinctly seen, but from the appearance of t

rms a round-backed hill, covered with trees: it reminded us of the appearance of the country of the north coast, and is so different from the rugged and barren character of the Islands of Buccaneer's Archipelago as to afford an addi

rom Point Gantheaume, in latitude 17 degrees 53 minutes, the coast trends to the South-East for about fifteen miles, where it was lost to view in distance: the extreme was a low sandy point, and appeared to be the south extremity of the land. The space to the south of this, which appe

aume was called ROEBUCK BAY. It is here tha

cks. Cape Latouche-Treville has a small hummock near its extremity, in latitude 18 degrees 29 minutes, and lo

eight fathoms. The flood-tide sets to the eastward, towards the opening, and at an anchorage near Cape Latouche-Treville, the ebb ran to the North-East: but the tides were at the neaps, and did not rise more than sixteen feet

was not seen by us. The following brief description of it is ta

E BOSSUT is low and sandy, as well as the neighbouring land; and, with the exception of a s

sionally breaks. The channel between it and the shore is narrow and shoal, the depth being tw

s sandy and sterile, with rocky projections: GEO

nd the other to the east of the Bancs des Planaires, the French saw the coast between

ngitudinal extent; it was not ascertained whether they joi

over it, situated nearly North-East from Cap

and (POISSONNIER) in the entrance, is BEDOUT ISLAND. It is in latitude 19 degrees 29 minutes, longitude

and appeared to be connected with the mai

as well as the Cape itself, of a remarkable r

EAU DE SABLE) the other is surrounded by a reef of coral, upon which the sea breaks. The Casuarina (M. De Freycinet's vessel)

and sandy as far as CAPE

ned to the land. Their southern parts dry at low water. The Geographe sail

uncertain whether the coastline that is laid down upon the chart is correct: it was scarcely visible from the deck, and was so low that it might have merely been the dry p

xcepting DEPUCH, which is high, and of a very pecu

-east side there appeared to be a bay, on

oach the sea, and the bottom is deeper. BEZOUT ISLAND is connected to the cape by a reef, on whic

kable rocky summits. The next point has several round-backed hills upon it; it is the east head of NICKOL'S BAY, into which there may possibly fall one or more streams; its shores are low, and appeared to be lined with mangroves. Nickol's Bay affords good anchorage in six and seven fathoms, and is only expose

ll at the north end of the island is in latitude 20 degrees 23 minutes 35 seconds, and longitude 117 degrees 1 minute 25 seconds; the passage between it and the reef off HAUY ISL

has three remarkable hillocks; its North-West point is in latitude 20 degrees 18 minutes 45 seconds, and longitude 116 degrees 46 minutes; its north-east coast and north-west extremity are of bold approach: the latter has a reef that fronts its sh

in their vicinity. It consists of about twenty islands, besides smaller ones, scattered over a space of forty miles in ex

and rocky strait, apparently impassable for anything larger than boats. It has several small sandy islets scattered about it, and at low water the greater part is dry. There is doubtless a deep passage through, but it must be intricate and dangerous, and only to be attempted in a case of the most pres

ier's Bluff Head. It is a very remarkable point; its summit is in 20 degrees 29 minutes 5 seconds South, and 116 degrees 36 minutes 35 seconds East. On its we

, are two high rocky islets of similar appearance. There is also another, but of smaller size, off the south-east point of Malus Island.

mall. The largest has a remarkable summit upon it, in latitude 20 degrees 37 minutes 50 seconds, and longitude 116 degrees 36 minutes 45 seconds: it is from this Isla

e. Vide v

, when viewed from the North-North-East or South-South-West, has three hummocks bearing from each other West by North and East by South. The centre hummock is in latitude 20 degrees 27 minutes 30 seconds, and longitude 116 degrees 31 minutes. In the vicinity of Rosemary and Goodwyn Islands are several small rocky islands, particularly on the north-east side of the former; and at the distance of three miles, to the north of the centre of Malus Island, is a patch of fl

ed from the heat of the sun by being under the shade of a fig, but from the number of natives seen by us, it is probable that there must be a large quantity not far off. The natives of this part use logs to convey them from and to the islands. A small sandy island, with a r

is then terminated by a valley, or an opening of one mile and a half wide, that separates it from the rocky hills of CAPE PRESTON. The cape juts out into the sea, and is connected by reefs to some low sandy islands to the North-East; it is in latitude 20 degrees 49 minutes 45 seconds, and longitude 116 degrees 5 minutes. In the c

o the South-South-West, in which direction the shore tren

ast, at from three to seven miles, is fronted by a range of low, sandy islets, from one quarter to two-thirds of a mile in diameter: there are, however, two or three near Cape Preston of larger size, particularly one bearin

f water, at the base of a small range of hills. The bight is shoal and thickly studded with sandy islets. Hence the coast extends to the S

from each other by channels, generally navigable, between one to five miles wide. Good anchorage may be found among these islands, for the sea canno

three miles; its banks are overrun with mangroves, and it affords no inducement whatever for vessels t

e same barren character for twenty miles further, forming the east side of Exmouth Gulf. RO

the two outermost of which are low and rocky. The west coast of Barrow's Island was seen by the French, who thought it was part of the main; they named its north-west end, CAPE DUPUY, and its south end, CAPE POIVRE. At ten miles South 25 degrees West from the last cape, the French char

unt, the two latter islands were seen at different times; and since Trimouille Island has a reef extending for five miles from its north-western extremity, as Hermite

e. Vide v

ry exactly; the longitude alone raises the doubt, but the reckonings of former navigators cannot be depended upon, and errors of ten or twelve degrees of longitude were not rare, of which many proofs might be found, by comparing the situations of places f

itude 114 degrees 46 minutes 6 seconds. They were seen by Lieutenant Ritchie, R.N., in

f and Dampier's Archipelago. The islets y and z are the outer ones of the group; between which and the western shore there is a space of fourteen miles in extent, quite free from danger, with regular soundings between nine and twelve fathoms on a sandy bottom. Under the western shore, which is the deepest, there are some bays which will afford anchorage; but the bottom is generally very rocky. In the neighbourhood of the Bay of Rest, the shore is more sinuous, and in the bay there is good anchorage in three and four fathoms, mud. Here the gulf is twelve miles across, and from three to

te. Vide

restored. At the bottom of the south-eastern side of Exmouth Gulf the land is so low and the islands so numerous, that it was in vain that we attempted to examine its shores

e land, which was called VLAMING HEAD. There is a reef of small extent off the cape, but separated from it by a cha

nds, and longitude 114 degrees 3 minutes 40 seconds; and Vlaming Head in latitude

X A. SE

PTION OF THE WESTERN COAST BETWEEN T

-WEST

t, veering sometimes, though rarely, to South-West. In the winter season (June, July, and August) hard gales of wind have been experienced from the North-West, even as high as Shark's Bay; and at

nearer the north end there is a low, sandy plain at the foot of the hills; but to the southward the coast appeared to be steep and precipitous. This is evidently the land that has been taken for Cloates Island; and, in fact, it is not at all unlikely to be an island, for, to

e. Vide v

nutes 35 seconds, is a low, sandy point. To the northward of it the coast trends

, level, and rocky, and, rising abruptly from the sea, forms a bluff point, in latitude 24 degrees 0 minutes 30 seconds, and longitude 113 degrees 21 minutes 48 seconds. This promontory is the northern head of Shar

ly irregularity upon them is a slight elevation on the south end of the latter. Off the north end of Bernier Island is the small islet

ad, sheltered from all winds to the southward of east and west; and, since they are the prevailing and almost constant winds of this part, may be considered a very secure anchorage. There is a reef extending off Cape Inscription for half a mile, which will also afford protection from the sea, even should the wind blow hard from the west. The beach of the bay is fronted by coral rocks, but affords easy landing in all parts, part

s Bay is taken from M. De Freyc

med by reefs, where boats might obtain shelter. Hence to Quoin Point (Coin-de-Mire) the coast has no sinuosities. TETRODON BAY is seven miles wide and very shallow; it has two or three sandy islets in it, and can only be entered by small boats. Near Refuge Point is a safe and convenient creek. To the southward of this there are several shoal bays. To the eastward of Cape Ransonnet, which is peaked and of a moderate elevation, there are several

inet says, that a ship upon a lee shore in the vicinity of Point Escarpee may enter this opening with confidence; she will find a good shelter and excellent anchorage in five and six fathoms fine sand. To enter it, pass in mid-channel, if anything, borrowing upon Point Escarpee, and steer for the Mondrain de Direction, and pass over the bar witho

miles: HENRY FREYCINET HARBOUR is twenty-two leagues long in a South-East direction; and from three to six leagues wide. Its entrance is blocked up by a bar; and, although

bour is formed by PERON'S PENINSULA, which separates it from HAMELIN'S HARBOUR. It is sixteen leagues long and five leagues wide. DAMPIER'S

ds, the reefs extend for three leagues to the North and North-

ance, and the shoalness of the water prevented their boats from approaching it. M. De Freycinet says: "Ces

of Peron's Peninsula, it is nevertheless of larger size. The centre is much occupied by

he boats of the French ships could not reach the shore on account of the reefs which front it. H

he Naturaliste remained a long time at this anchorage, and never experienced any ill effect from the winds. The distance from the shore was six miles, and the depth six fathoms, fine sandy bottom. The sea was so clear, that the anc

d Hamelin are much more detailed by him, and there is also much valuable information upon various heads, particularly as to meteorological observations, and the product

d feet. The coast is fringed with an uninterrupted line of breakers. The summit of the land is so level, and the coast so uniform, that no summits or points could be set with

ce of an opening in it, but Vlaming, who sent a boat on shore here, has not mentioned it; and if there i

ude 28 degrees 18 minutes, and between the latitudes 28 degrees 25 minutes and 28 degrees 55 minutes, is MORESBY'S FLAT-TOPPED RANGE. It is terminated at the north end by three hills, called MENAI HILLS; and at the southern end, by the WIZARD HILLS. MOUNT FAIRFAX is in latitude 28 degrees 45 minutes 30 seconds, and longitude 114 degrees 38 minutes 45 seconds. The coast in front of this range is of pleasing and verdant appearance; two or three small openings in the sandy beach

minutes: four miles to the southward is a

West 4 degrees North true, forty-one miles from Cape Burney, but the channel (GEELVINK CHANNEL) between the shore and the reefs, is not more than twenty-six miles wide. The south-easternmost reef that we saw is about three miles long, and lies nearly ten miles South 55 degrees East from the islands; it appeared to be covered, but the sea was breakin

rees 16 minutes is a reef; and seven miles more to the south

is a small peaked hillock; and in 29 degrees 17 min

Van Keulen's chart. Hence to Island Point, which is low and rocky, the shore is lined with reefs, extending off shore for two to four miles. At

7 minutes 40 seconds: fourteen miles to the south of these are two others, the north-easternmost is in latitude 30 degrees 51 minutes 50 seconds, they are very conspicuously placed upon a ridge of bare white sand. Hence the coast winds to the South-South-East for eighty miles as far as the entrance of

taken from Captain De Freycinet's accou

. The river then trends in a northerly direction for seven miles, without any sinuosity of consequence. On the eastern bank, are two shoals; the passage is then on the opposite side of the river, the depth of which is eight feet: beyond these banks the course of the river trends to the eastward towards a low point, upon which there is a solitary tree; an extensive bank fronts this point, and the channel continues on the western shore, ten feet deep. Here the river is a mile broad; it then increases its width, and forms spacious bays on either side, that were not examined. To the South-East is an opening, which may probably be an arm of the river; it was called MOREAU INLET; it was not examined. Opposite to it is a sharp point, fronted by a shoal, and th

are very rocky and difficult to land upon, particularly those of its northern side, which is fronted by rocks. Off its north point there are some rocky islets, and on the north-east side a convenient landing place in a sandy bay, where boats may put ashore with great facility. The island is covered with a pine-like tree, which is very good for fire-wood, but no fresh water was found in

egrees 57 minutes 53 seconds, beyond which the coast extends to the southward, without any bays to Cape Leeuwin. Off the cape is Naturaliste Reef, in latitude 33 degrees 12 minutes, and longitude 114 degrees 59 minutes 8 seconds; it was seen by the French expedition. The land is her

X A. SE

IRECTIONS FOR KING GEORGE THE THIRD'S SOUND, AND

H CO

h coast, and are more regular and strong in that space between the land and the parallel of Bass Strait.* I have been told that the south-westerly gales that sometimes occur during that season, seldom, if ever, blow home upon the coast; and that when they do reach the land, they partake more of the character of the sea breeze; be that as it may, a ship steering to the westward should keep to the north of 40 degrees, in order to benefit by the regularity of the wind, which to the

orsburgh volu

rrents generally set to the north, and seldom run with any velocity either to the east or west. A ship steering along this coast to the eastward, bound to Port Jackson through Torres Strait, should steer upon the parallel

southerly wind; since, with the former, she can round Van Diemen's Land,

offers an excellent resort for vessels, and is convenient for all the purposes of refitting, wooding, and watering. The natives are friendly; the

ituated for the protection of her people at their occupations from the natives, who are numerous, and will daily visit them. But, for a ship only wanting fuel and water, there is a sandy bay in the south-west corner of the sound, in which two or three streams of excellent water run into the sea over the sand, from which a ship might complete her hold in a day or two, by digging a well t

the low flat rocky islet bearing west, in six or seven fathoms sand and weeds, should be preferred during the summer months; for the easterly winds then prevail, and sometimes blow strong, even as late as March; the anchorage is landlocke

with men enough to protect themselves while employed in filling the casks, for notwithstanding the friendly communication we have had with the

e of the sand under the hills; but, at the latter place, the stream that we used ou

ut it is likely that, at spring-tides, there may be fourteen feet, or perhaps more if the wind is blowing into the harbour; but durin

g the summit of Green Island, in the harbour, on with the extremity of the bushes of the west point of entrance, and the highest part of Breaksea Island in a line with the outer point of the bay: a boat should

ongest winds are from the westward, and therefore bower anchors should be placed to the south-west and north-west: warps and the stream cable will be sufficient to secure her from easterly winds, as the hills rise immediately over the

a vessel going in should pay great attention to the depth, if her draught is more than ten feet, for it sometimes rises suddenly two feet. The spring-tides take place about the third or fourth day after new or fu

7 degrees 2 minutes East; but as the account says, that Kangaroo Island was seen the same day, which is not less than o

s Land, in Bass Strait, is situated about 4 minutes

er of the ship Minerva, on her outward-bound passage to New South Wales, ap

miles, and the Black Pyramid East-South-East: from this situation the danger was about half a mile off (to the southward); but as the water broke only at intervals of three or four minutes, although

forty miles east of Sea-Elephant Bay. I did not succeed in finding the

much to the northward: its true situation is in latitude 39 degrees

t John Lamb, R.N., off Cape Albany Otw

the rock in Sea-Elephant Bay, 24 minutes 45 seconds; whilst by the latter it is 32 minutes 30 seconds. But as Captain Flinders only saw the north end of KING'S ISLAND, the error seems to originate in his having laid down its

und through Bass Strait to the eastward, should not pass within Craggy Island without using great caution. The be

nd, and about two miles from the former, is a reef with

-west Cape, the Mewstone, the South cape, and the land between them. The first is laid down 8 minutes too much to the North 30

X A. SE

D REEFS IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD

EAST

, they found fourteen fathoms; at a quarter of a mile off the depth was twenty-five fathoms, but beyond that the bottom was not reached. It is about three miles in circuit, with deep water in the centre: the edge is covered, but some s

s 14 minutes, and longitude 158 degrees 53

and longitude 155 degrees 23 minutes. (Flinders v

ds, and longitude 155 degrees 18 minutes 50 seconds. (Fl

e distance: the ship passed round the western extremity at two miles off, and found its bearing from Sandy Cape to be North 21 degrees East, one hundred and seventy-six miles, and to be in latitude 21 degrees 58

de 153 degrees 46 minutes by chronometer, which was found correct on making Sandy Cape a day or two a

ten miles, and is composed of sand and rocks, some of which, at the south end, were six or eight feet out of the water: it is six miles broad; the centre of the edge (? north) is in

g. The limits assigned by this officer to the extent of the rocky ground, are the parallels of 20 degrees 40 minutes, and 21 degrees 50 minutes, and the meridians of 158 degrees 15 minutes and 159 degrees 30 minutes. A sandy islet was also seen by him, surrounded by a chain of rocks in 21 degree

d are described by him as being three-quarters of a mile in circumference, twenty feet high, and the sea between them twenty fathoms deep. At four miles North East by North from them the vessel sounded in twelve fathoms, and at the same time saw a reef ten or fifteen miles to the South-Ea

Pacific Ocean (1824) in latitude 17 degrees, and lo

ude 20 degrees 44 minutes, and longitude 150 degrees 32 minutes; it is of semi-circular shape,

tes, and longitude 151 degrees 50 minutes: it presents its convex, or outer ed

ees 38 minutes, and longitude 150 degrees

ians of 150 degrees 30 minutes and 152 degrees 30 minutes, there are several very exten

46 minutes, and longitude 151 degrees 40 minutes. Se

in a North-East and South-West direction. The Alert ran along the reef for twenty-five miles: about the ce

he Alert, lies in latitude 17 degrees 25 minutes, and longitude 151 degrees 45 minut

egrosse, of the French brig Les Trois Freres, in company with

ts, three of which were covered with shrubs, and the whole connected by a reef, on the edge of which the sea broke heavily: they were called GOVERNOR FARQUHAR'S GROUP: the westernmost islet is in 17 degrees 39 minutes, and 151 degrees 27 minutes (149 degrees 7 minutes East of Paris) and appeared to terminate the group. As it was near sunset, the vessels hauled to the wind for the night, and at daylight bore up on a north course: soon afte

in 17 degrees 44 minutes South, and 150 degrees 32 minutes East (148 degrees 12 minutes East of Paris). A space of ten or twelve leagues between Governor

H CO

med to be about two hundred fathoms in length, and about fifty yards broad:

hich Captain Flinders saw, and sounded upon in seven fathoms, lies in 9 degrees 56 minutes latitude, and 129 degrees 28 minutes l

-WEST

however, there are probably many reefs, which have been occasionally seen. Captain Heywood saw a dry part in latitude 11 degre

INGS OVER CORAL

2: LA

3: LO

1 minutes : 125 d

0 minutes : 125 d

minutes : 125 de

7 minutes : 125 d

separated by deep water. (Se

ounded by a shoal extending for four miles to the northward. It is in 12

n latitude 12 degrees 48 minutes, and longitude 124 degrees 25 minut

l sandbanks in the centre of a shoal, four miles in extent, lying in an east and west direction.

in 1811, the particulars of which a

1 degrees 25 minutes 25 seconds). To the westward of the barrier of black rocks, that presented themselves to our view, were several sandbanks, the highest of which, on the east end, appeared to have some vegetation: the rocks in general were si

for eighteen or nineteen miles to the north-east point, in latitude 14 degrees 1 minute, and longitude 122 degrees 16 minutes; the south extent was not ascertained. It is ninety-seven miles due East from the situation assigned

some dry rocks. Clerke's Shoal (south end in latitude 17 degrees 28 minutes, longitude 119 degrees 18 minutes) extends to the north-west, and probably joins the Minstrel's Shoal, which is described below, and, if this is the case, trends North-North-West 1/2 West for seventeen miles. The south end of Mermaid's Shoal is in 17 degrees 12 minutes South, and 119 degrees 35 minutes

om the coast of New Holland in latitude 23 degrees 10 minutes South. The longitude of that part of the coast by my survey, is 113 degrees 42 minutes; this will make the Minstrel's Sho

coral reef in about 16 degrees 30 minute

ude 19 degrees 58 minutes, and longitude 114 degrees 40 1/4 minutes; but, by a letter published in the Sydney Gazette by Lieutenant Ritc

VAN DIEME

ater off the south-east coast of Van Diemen's Land, in l

OUTH in 1819, in latitude 43 degrees 48 mi

X A. SE

SAGE WITHIN THE REEFS

R RO

g; the result of which must be the certain destruction of the vessel, and the probable loss of the crew. The Inner Route was first pursued by Mr. Cripps in the brig Cyclops, bound from Port Jackson to Bengal, in 1812. It was subsequently followed by Lieutenant C. Jeffreys, R.N., in the command of the hired armed vessel Kangaroo, on her passage from Port Jackson to Ceylon, in 1815.* This officer drew a chart, with a track of his voyage up the coast; which, considering the shortness of his time, and other circumstances that prevented his obtaining the necessary data to lay down with accuracy s

h's Indian Directory

; and the courses are freed from the effect of tide or current,

reference should be made to the descripti

ECT

a hundred miles. You will then be about twenty miles from Cape Capricorn: on your way to which you should pass about three miles within Lady Elliot's Island, and also within the southernmost islet of Bunker's Group, by which you will see how the current has affected your course, and you can act accordingly: if it has set you to the northward, you ma

t five miles and three-quarters, and from 1st Peak South 85 degrees West. To avoid this in t

the Mermaid's or Bathurst's tracks, which will carry a ship round the projections of the coast as far as Cape Grafton, as far as which, if the weather is fine, there can be

u will then be a league to the South-East of a group of low isles; if it should be night when you pass them, come no nearer to them than fourteen

o avoid some reefs in latitude 15 degrees 51 minutes: pass, therefore, within five miles of Cape Tribulation, when a direct course may be steered either to the eastward or westward of the Hope Isles. The better route will be within the western Hope, and along its reef at the distance of three-quarters of a mile, by which you will avoid reef a. When you are abreast of its north end, steer North by West westerly for twent

uth side of the entrance of Endeavour River, is Mount Cook, bearings of which, crossed with the summit of Cape Bedford, or any of the particularized summits or points will give the vessel's place, by which t

h the islands 4, 5, or 6, of Howick's Group. Under which anchorage may be found. In rounding Point Lookout, do not come within two miles and a half of it, to avoid a reef that is on Captain Cook's chart, but which we did not see; it lies a mile and a half north from the peaked

mile of 2 and 3, and between islet 4 and Cole's Islands, and inshore of 6 and the dry sands s, t, and u. The Mermaid's track will direct the course to Cape Melvill

om it by compass North West by North, and from Pipon's Island South-West by West 1/4 West nearly) in doing which steer within the reef that surrounds Pipon Island, direct the course for

as a ship may pass within a stone's throw of the cape, this danger may be easily avoided. The best anchorage here is under the flat-topped hill, at a third of a

rage may be obtained under any of the reefs or islets between this part and Cape Grenville, for the bottom is universally of mud; and

award, and d, e, and f to the southward, of the course; then haul up about North-West 3/4 North, and steer w

the latter course, steer north, within the reef o, and then close within 6, to avoid the low rock that covers with the tide. Having passed this rock, steer for 7, and pass within one mile of it, to avoid the shoals that extend off Cape Sidmouth. Hence the course is North-N

es beyond the cape, see the long reef e; steer North-West parallel with its edge, which extends until you are abreast of Fair Cape, where it terminates with a very narrow point. Then steer North-West 1/2 No

the tide sweeps round the edge with greater strength than it does at half a mile off, within which distance the bottom is generally deeper. If the day is advanced and the breeze fresh, Night Island should not

onted by Sunday Island, which affords good shelt

s then about North-West 1/4 West to the Bird Isles, and thence, to the reef v, about North West by North; the better and more direct plan is to pass within v and w (there is, how

to anchor under it for the night, in about fourteen or fifteen fathoms, mud, the island bearing

steer within it about North West by North, which will take you inside the covered reef z. Your course then must be round th

standing too close to the rocky islet that is abreast of the strait between it and Horned Hill, as some sunken rocks stretch off it for about a quarter of a mile: steer round the north point of Wednesday Island at half a mile, and then West by South 1/4 South which will carry you to the northward of the rock off Hammond's Island. Having passed this ro

, by which you will avoid Larpent's bank, and when you have passed it, you are clear of the strait. Hence

X A. SE

ERVED DURING THE MERMAID'S AND BATHURS

X A. SE

POSITIONS OF THE FIXED

d three chronometers of Arnold's make, namely, 413 (box) 2054 (pocket) and 394 (pocket); of which the two first were supplied by the Admiralty. At the end of the fourth year,

s or adapted from other authorities, served as the basis of the chro

rs, and otherwise Bennelong Point) is in latitude 33 degrees 51 minutes 28 seconds South and longitude 151 degree

which was placed within a few yards of the shore on the south side of the entrance (the summit of the highest bush near the extremity of the opposite sandy beach, bearing by comp

nd of South-west Bay; but the results were so doubtful and unsatisfactory, that the longitude determined by th

l. l. on the sea-horizon, taken in various parts of t

ween Bottle Rock and Cassini Is

: 7

: 7

: 7

en Cassini Island and

land from Careening Bay

, by chronometer, from C

s and Dick's watches made it 133 degrees 19 minutes 40 seconds, which was finally adapted, since it accorded better with the chronometrical difference between its meridian and that of Cassini Island. I have never b

s, in latitude 15 degrees 6 minutes 18 seconds South, and 125

this place was adapted from the observations and

er Harbour. Latitude 35 degrees 0 minutes 17 secon

(the first sandy bay round the head) is in latitude 35 degre

e our chronometers were rated, is in latitude 10 degrees 9 minutes 6 seconds, and longit

END

NATURAL HISTORY COLLECTED DURING CAPTAIN KING'S SURVE

rst discoverer of that rara avis, the black swan: next to him followed Dampier, who has handed down to us in his intelligent, although quaint, style, the account of several of the productions of the North-western and Western Coasts; but the harvest was reserved for Banks and Solander, the companions of Cook, whose names are so

teaux, Captains Vancouver and Flinders, and Commodore Baudin. The first merely touched upon the south coast at the Recherche's Archipelago, and on the south shores of Van Diemen's Land; and the second only at King George the Third's Sound, near the South-west Cape; but these opportunities were sufficient to celebrate the names of Labillardiere and

. Peron having put a stop to its publication; a few of the subjects, however, have been taken up by MM. Lacepede and Cuvier, and other French naturalists, in the form of monographs, in their various scientific journals; but the greater part is yet untouched, probably from the want of the valuable information which died with its collector. M. Peron, in his historical account of that expedition,

irst view, be fairly considered to have arisen from neglect and careless attention to the subject; but as the principal, and almost the only, object of the voyage was the survey of the coast, for which purpose a small vessel was justly considered the most advantageous, accommodation for a zoological collection w

to the expedition; and this gentleman did not fail to make a very extensive and

dents of Geographical Zoology. The distribution of animals is a branch of study that has been very much neglected, which is to be lamented, as it appears li

ds that were preserved; and Mr. W.S. MacLeay has furnished me with a very valuable description of my entomological collection. I am also indebted to Mr. Cunningham for his remarks upon the botany of the country; to Mr. Brown, for his description of a new tree from King

TEB

MAL

GRAY, ESQUIRE

dwardsii, Des

t, Edwards' B

mpyrus, Lin. S

Colonists of

also one in the collection of the Linnean Society from Port Jackson. Large flights of these animals were observed at Port Keats and in Cambridge Gulf, on the North-west

is aus

australasiae, Des

or Dingo, Shaw's Z

living specimen to Sir Everard Home, Bart., who sent it to Exeter Change. In considering this species as distinct from the common dog, I am supported by the opinion of M

og; that, in their appearance and cunning disposition, they resemble the fox; and although occasionally domesticated in New S

, but have prodigious large heads, remarkably little eyes, prick ears, long hair, and a short bushy tail. They are chiefly fed with fruit at the Society Isles; but in the Low Isles and Ne

n et Lesueur. Voyage au

doubt. I am informed that specimens of Peron's animal are in the Paris Museum, but Desmarest and Frederic Cuvier, who have both lately written upon seals, have only copied the

by the want of the woolly substance under the hair (called fur by the seal-fishers) and by t

ke from New South Shetland: it differs from Pennant's, and consequently from all succeeding descr

and at King George the Third's Sound. It appeared also to be the same species that frequents Shark's Ba

ed in the Linnean S

iurea, Desm. N.

urea, Shaw's

, Colonists of

of this animal was brought home an

pygmaea, Des

ea, Shaw's Gen.

ygmaea, Geoff

us, Desm. N. Di

, Colonists a

the vicinity of Port Jackson. It was first described by Dr. Shaw in his Zoology of New Holland. There

rhynchus pe

ernettensis

, var. Bonnaterre

oyage aux Isles Malo

e and deposited in the collection of the British Museum. This

ometimes placed in critical situations from these animals suddenly rising to the surface of the water close to them, and lashing the sea with their tremendous fins, and their occasionally leaping out of the water, and falling down with a crushing weight. Their colour is generally of a cinereous hue, but a few were noticed that were variegated black and white. The whales of the North-west Coast

V

SOCIETY, IN WHOSE CABINETS THEY ARE NUMBERED ACCOR

n sacra.

ra, Ind. O

gfisher, L

of Cambridge Gulf, on the North-west Coast, hav

a tibice

icen, Ind. O

ller, Lat

a varia.

aria, Ind.

ler, Lat

to be a you

us phasian

ianus, Ind.

anus, Leach, Zoo

uckoo, Lat

at in Australia is known to extend as wide as twenty-four degrees of latitude, and twenty-six degrees of longitude. This specimen was taken at Endeavour Riv

ga cornicu

culata, Ind.

Honey-eater,

pon the whole extent

e refer it to that genus, but that I have some reason to think that it belongs to the meliphagous birds, which are so abundant in New Holland, and which have been observed to assume the appearance of almost every group in the Insessores. Indeed, some birds of that country, which have been decided to be meliphagous, such as the Meliphaga cyanops, Lewin,*** [Graculine Honey-eater, Lath. Syn. 4 166. sp. Ed. 2da.] and others allied to it, and which differ little from the bird before us, have so many external relations with the Orioles, that they probably would be found to arrange themselves in the same family with them, were it not for the totally different structure of their tongue, and the consequent difference in their habits of life. Of the tongue, or mode of feeding of the bird at pres

. Regne An

yse d'un Syst. Ge

Birds of New H

MIME

k, imitator; [assuming the app

lis utrisque apice emarginatis; naribus basalibus

sugendum

; 3tia et 4ta fere aequalibus; longissimis; 5ta his paulo breviori: remi

is scutellatis, scutis qui

ocris, fer

nigro guttatim striatus; alis caudaque nigro-f

. Lath. Ind. Or

Remiges supra fuscae, ad marginem externum apicemque leviter albido-notatae; subtus pallide fuscae. Rectrices nigro-fuscae, subtus pallidiores, omnibus, duabus mediis exceptis, apice a

ment is in inches, and

us pallidior, capite dorsoque fusco-lineatis,

nte; inferiores flavee, ad basin nigro-notatae. Remiges supra nigrae, subtus fuscae; primariis anguste, secondariis late, apice flavo-marginatis; pogoniis externis anguste, internis late, flavo-marginatis. Rectrice

fferences between the two birds, which are strongly apparent, not merely by the M. flavo-cinctus being marked with yellow where the other bird is white, but by the general distribution of the colours. In

. 1 263.7. Ind. Orn. 756. Bris. 5

ction, that was taken in the neighbourhood of Port Jackson. My bird, being of smaller size than most of those with which I have compared it, is probably a young

. It appears to have a very extensive range, as it inhabits lands

opus pica

rum, uropygio, caudaeque basi, albi

dariae albae, ad carpum et ad marginem exteriorem nigro-variegatae; fascia alarum angust

caadae, 22; alae a carpo ad remigem primam,

., a native of Brazil, and H. niger, Cuv., from New Holland. The bird above described approaches more closely to the Eur

uill feathers also are entirely black; whereas the other has them partially variegated with white: the under wing coverts also differ, the primary ones being fuscous, and the outer secondary partially marked with black; whilst the whole of the under wing coverts in H. ostralegus are white. The uropygium also, which in the European bird is entirely white, is in our specimen pa

es minor. Gme

e Penguin

was found at King George the Third's Sound near the south-west extremity of

etes aquil

quila, Gmel

ate

ion, and is common in all parts of t

sa. Gmel. Lin. 1 60

oyage 1 115. Cook,

able page 85. figure 5. Hawkes

Syn. 6 352. Arc.

this bird in the collecti

pelecanoi

riegato; dorso, alis, caudaque canis;

es; remiges fusco-atrae, pogoniis internis fere ad apicem albo-marginatis; r

igem primam, 13 1/2; caudae, 6 3/4; rostri, ad

aracters offer a corroboration of the affinity of the Sternae to the family of the Pelecanidae, and particularly to the genus Phaeton, which approaches the Terns more closely than any other group of that family, in the smaller size of the membrane that unites the toes (see Linnean Transactions 14 505). It may also be stated on the

s georgi

nigris; rectricibus al

e angulata; remiges primores atrae, secundariae supra nigrae ap

imam 18 3/4; mandibulae, superioris ad frontem, 2 1

he Third's Sound, on the South-west

TIL

RD GRAY, ESQ

AMYDOSAUR

so; membrana

lis plicat

us qu

ue, elongatis

gata, subc

lly longer behind; tongue short, fleshy, with an oval smooth disk at each side of the lower part of its front part; neck rather long, furnished on each side with a large plaited frill, supported above by a crescent-shaped cartilage arising from the upper hinder part of the ear, and, in the middle, by an elongation of the sid

the Agamae, but differs from them in the p

osaurus ki

squamis carinatis; pennula antice se

s kingii, Gra

le A. Nat

son, north-west c

per jaw, the tubes pointing forwards: the side of the face has a very obscure ridge extending from the angle of the mouth to the under part of the ear: neck covered with small scales: frill arising from the hinder part of the head, just over the front of the ears, and attached to the sides of the neck and extending down to the front part of the chest, supported above by a lunate cartilage arising from the hinder dorsal part of the ear, and in the centre by a bone, which extends about half its length: this bone appears to be an elongation of the side fork of the bone of the tongue, but it could not be determined with certainty without injuring the specimen; each frill has four plaits, which converge on the under part of the chin, and fold it up on the side, and a fifth where the two are unit

the tail:

the body

he head: 5

head over the

he thigh: 1

foot and sole:

ter edge of the

ew Gardens, on the branch of a tree in Careening Bay, at the bottom of Port Nelson. (See volume 1.) It was sent by him to Sir Everar

wing made of this curious and unique specimen for the Appendix of my work. The plate was engraved b

shoulders, and when expanded, which it was enabled to do by means of transverse slender cartilages, spreads five inches in the form of an open umbrella. I regret that my eagerness to secure so interesting an animal did not admit of sufficient time to allow the lizard to show by its alarm or

the colour of the tongue and i

us variu

f a Voyage to New Holland, 253,

iegatus, Daud.

re, Cuv. Reg.

, placed on the upper part of the centre of the tail, raised into a biserrated ridge, and in the outer toe, or rather thumb, of the

HELSUMA

ualibus, totis lobatis, muticis

esserulis minutis, infra

the toes being dilated the whole length, and entirely clawless, and covered beneath with transverse scales;

uma orna

ula, fasciaque rufa

on

Isle of

d a white crescent-shaped spot on each side immediately behind it, and then some obscure red shades just behind that; the back lead-coloured and blue, with six longitudin

only consisted of P. cepedia, the Gecko cepedien of Peron; Cuv. Reg. Anim. 2 46. and 4 t. 5. f. 5.

TILIQU

tadactyli, poris

m; dentes in

gulariter

r front part with a fringe. It differs from the succeeding Genus, Trachysaurus, in the head being covered with distinct flat plates, and the whole

a tubercu

coides. Shaw

a. var. Shaw,

latus, Merrem.

k-formed Lizard,

30. Shaw, N. M. t. 1

tralia, as there are several specimens both in the British Museum and in the collection of the Linnean Society, that were probab

the toes of the fore-feet are rather short, the outer reaching to the middle of the second, the second and third equal; the fourth reaching to the last joint of the third, and the little one to the second joint o

ACHYSAUR

tuor pent

atum, dentes i

ngatis subspinosis, infra hexagon

revis,

The body shields of the head pass gradually into the dorsal plates. The teeth short, thick, and conical; the palate toothless. The belly and lower surface of the tail are covered with large six-sided scales, like the other genera of the family. The head is rather large, triangu

aurus rugo

sis, caudae subspinos

an those which cover the lower surface of the head, body, and tail, which are uniform, distinct, large, and membranaceous: the scales of the back are nearly of equal size with those covering the commencement of the tail; they are f

ree inch

seven

four i

ch it had been preserved had unfortunately evaporated, so that it was considerably injured; there is, however, a

King George the Third's Sound,

muricat

White's Journal of a Voya

ar. ? Shaw, Gen.

ed Liza

l. t. 65, and White'

r attention to that class of animals; but he was afterwards inclined to consider it as only a va

a much larger size. The Doctor's figure is remarkably good, but rather more spinous than the specimen under examination, which is probably another proof of its youth. It was

cepede, Ann. de Museum,

tus, Merrem, S

Ann. Mus. 4

nited laterally. The length of the specimen brought home by Captain King exceeds four feet. The figure by M. Lacepede seem

s* punctula

s, spinae dorsalis triangularibus; caud

l club of the Linnean Society, before the publication of my genera of Reptiles in the Annals of Philosophy, wh

series of scales along the centre of the back long, triangular. This arrangement of the scales gradually assumes a uniform appearance on the neck close to the head, where they are ovate. Head rather long with nine plates, frontal plate being divided; the snout ver

oma by Dr. Leach, but not described by him, and is very much like Coluber deco

ames Hunter, at Careening Bay, on the north coa

ophis s

s, Lacepede, An

t been taken notice of in the modern works on Reptiles. It may, perhaps, be distinct from it; but upon considering that upwards of two hundred species of this genus have been already described, I t

lligators were seen, in great abundance, in the rivers of the northern and north-western coasts, particularly in those that empty themselves

that frequents the Nort

a variety of the Testudo mydas. Se

SC

RD GRAY, ESQ

enteus. Lacepede

Mus. l.c. t

berosus, G. Cuvie

on

this genus in Captain King's co

lis. Donovan. Natu

n.

s austral

ta transversis nigro-

on

rays of the tail; and with a black longitudinal line between the eyes. Teeth flat, rather broad, rounded at the end, and denticulated. The gills flat, unarmed; pectoral fin subacute, triangular; ventral fin triangular, supported by a very strong first ray; dorsal and anal fins rounded. Tail truncated, spi

Body 2 3/4 high; dorsal fin 3/4;

m the type of Linnaeus' Genus, Teuthis, I have adopted the latter name for those Chetodons which have one spine on each side of the t

ve not hitherto been enabled to find in any of the works on Ichthyology, but so little is known of the genera and species of this dep

tly similar to a species found by my late

latus. Gmelin,

. Banks and Sola

alus g

ish is frequently found in th

ualus

having a short nose, with a very capacious mouth; the body was of an ash grey colour, marked with darker

ELI

avigny Syst. des Annel

ea, Cuv. Reg.

l. Nov. Act. Petrop. 2

ditois, Gmelin,

ng is nearly five feet long, and w

ULO

CTS, COLLECTED BY

P MACLEAY, ESQU

Mandibulata, fifty-eight to Haustellata, and four to the Arachnida. Eighty-one of the species are new, and the ex

1: MAND

2: HAUS

tera : 40

era : 2 H

era : 8 H

ptera :

188 Sp

general remarks to be founded on the collection, and th

MANDIB

COLE

maculatus. Oliv. En

f this insect given in the fourth

rgine antico palpisque rufo-piceis, thorace linea media longitudinali vix marginem posticum attingente

s. Fab. Syst. Ele

ry vague; but as it applies tolerably well to the insect collecte

eiber, in Linnean Transac

lus erythr

cephalus. Fab. Syst

. Fab. Syst. Eleu

eciosus. Dej.

berculis tribus, intermedio majore compressa linearum superiorem duarum elevatarum transver

ticis cornu elevato incurva canaliculato apice emarginato, tuberculo utrinqu

less in size than the f

nea. Horae Ento

ejeanii. Horae En

lineis quatuor mediis elevatis, exterioribus interruptis tuberculisque utrinque duo

iva. Fab. Syst. Ele

ought to be considered as the ty

a. Kirby, in Linnean Tr

n my manuscripts, but M. Dejean has since

nigris, capite antice thoracisque lateribus subpunctatis, media canaliculato,

olaspidoides, S

t. Eleuth. 2 page 157. 112. C.

le of France, and was probably collected by

siae. Donov. Ins. of

s. Donov. Ins. of N

iridiaeneus. Horae.

iriditarsis. Leach.

gosus. Kirby, Linnea

ustus. Kirby, Linnea

olontha aenea. Fab. Syst

coides. Horae. Ent

uprestis macularia. Don. I

alis. Fab. Syst. Ele

alis. Don. Ins. of

ilis. Don. Ins. of N

ro-violaceis testaceo-quadrifasciatis haud bidentat

of the true appearance of which scarcely any idea can be formed from the figures of Donov

Syst. Nat. 2 662. 16. Oliv. I

Captain King collected a few species in the

y, in Linnean Transactions 12

bus parallelis longitudinalibus elevatis, elytris integris subacumi

ilatatis serratis, thorace punctato canaliculato, elytris pu

nes long, and entirely black, exc

race convexo macula longitudinali sub-acuminata a margine antico ultra med

having its feet and underside entirely yellow, excepting

nis. Fab. Syst. Eleu

sticarum media angusta lanciformi, duabus lateralibus latis antice emarginatis. Scutello quadrato nigro; ely

ssulis septem, posticarum trium media longitudinali lanciformi; scutello quadrato nigro; elytr

us margine postico late rufo, elytris viridi-caeruleis tomentosis puncta

ennisque apice nigro-nitidis, thorace testaceo. elytris fascia

orumque maculis duabus longitudinalibus, quarum postica latiori, nigris, elytris s

da. Oliv. Ins. 50

Fab. Syst. El

ta. Oliv. Ins. 50,

. Fab. Syst. E

ct to be merely a variet

o-nitido impresso, thorace lunula utrinque atro-nitida impresso, scutello flavo,

. Fab. Syst. Eleuth.

rufescens.

nea pubescens, antennis apice palporumque articulo ultim

rygmus

Fab. Syst. Eleu

of St. Domingo, and a different genus of which the characters are to be found in the Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum. The genus has

ite thoraceque viridi-caeruleis, elytris cupreis striat

dus glaberrimus labri margine rubro, elytri

of the largest of a genus which

, in Linnean Transactions 12 pa

Kirby, in Linnean Tran

idura mi

in Linnean Transactions 12

hiefly to be found in the broken clavate antennae, short thick

rinque canaliculato, thorace confertim noduloso, elytris lineis

entato margine antico tuberculato tuberculourmque lineis quatuor duabus mediis longitudinalibus, elytris punctis elevatis scabr

ppears to have the anal forceps, but as they come close in affinity to the genu

. Kirby, in Linnean Tr

s to be a Chrysolopus i

mpresso, clypeo canaliculato, thorace irregulariter noduloso, elytris sutura la

Phalidura, only they are here longer than the head and thorax taken together. The body is very convex:, having the thorax as wide as the abdomen, subquadrate, with

olopus sp

lis. Fab. Syst. E

cavo subcarinato lineis utrinque elevatis, elytris crenatis seriebus spinarum duabus interiori an

scabro medio canaliculato, elytris punctis seriatim impressis, tuberculorumque

olopus qu

. Fab. Syst. El

long to the same genus with C. spectabilis; but I follow M.

rodus cr

tus. Fab. Syst.

s lineaque laterali alba, elytris nigris striato-punctatis sutura striaque media elevat

vatis clypeoque tribus, antennis piceis clava obscura, thorace punctis elevatis scabro: elytris pu

y belongs to Megerle's genus Festus. The an

lanuginosa. De

atis elevatis lateribus albis, thorace canaliculato, elytris punctis impressis striatis squamisque

atus. Fab. Syst. E

s. 83. f

am not able in this place to give the characters of it

drirostris. Fab. Syst

s. 83, f

ent from the true Rhynchaeni, as the pre

idens. Fab. Syst.

s. 83. f

ect in appearance, as the acute spine, which rises from each elytron

Kirby. in Linnean Trans

a. Kirby, in Linnean T

vertice ad oculos albo-bilineato, thorace fossula postica media alba,

thoraceque punctatis linea media glabra divisis, scutello cinereo, elytris r

B. fig

sia, and would probably, with Linnaeus, have been a Bruc

GUS (nov

rticulo basilari crassiori, secundo subglo

margine antico inte

us apicem versus subsinuatae edentulae b

picem versus instructae, lobo externo vel apicali ovali

xtensi, quadriarticulati articulo stipitali vix conspicuo se

ipitali minimo, secundo obconico longior

ius apice membranaceum medio emargina

tice rotundatum medio e

postice sublobatus. Scutellum tuberculare mucronatum. Abdomen thorace duplo latius. Elytra convexa humeris eminentibus postice divergentia rotundata. Pedes pentameri articulis tribus tarsorum primis ciliatis

stice rugoso, elytris rugis vel punctis confluentibus substriatis fossula ad humeros profu

B. fig

ts habit is also totally different from that of a Sagra, and more like that of some of those insects which belong to the heterogeneous magazine called

S (novum

l potius setaceae articulo basilari crassior

um antice submembranaceum

lae lunulatae vel falciformes dorso subsinuata

ersus instructae, lobo externo vel apicali ovali extus ciliato, i

cuo, secundo obconico longo duobus ultimis simul sumptis longitudine

conspicuo, secundo longo obconico setis quibusdam ad apic

um, lobis elongatis ciliatis interno late

haud marginatis. Scutellum triangulare subacutum. Abdomen thorace fere duplo latius. Elytra humeris eminentibus marginatis, lateribus parallelis. Pedes pentameri articulis tribus tarsorom primi

arsus in the tetramerous and trimerous insects of the French entomologists, and the result has been that the arrangement given in the third

tus. Don. Ins. of N

us. Don. Ins. of Ne

horace nigro-fusco punctis scabroso, lateribus spinulosus, in medio postice carina laevi tuberculoque utrinque magno compressa scab

licollis. Kirby, in L

is articulis vix biramosis ramis sinistris brevissimis, thorace atro vitta utrinque rufotestacea, scutello nigro, elytris rufo-testaceis

th elytra as long as its wings; and it, therefore

us. Don. Sys. of Ne

form of Clytus, so much as to make m

ulus. Fab. Syst.

by Fabricius, but is rather larger than the European insect, and has eight

l potius punctis confluentibus eroso disco rufo medio subtuberculato, elytris acuminatis apice deflexis lineis duabus ele

elytris rufis litura inter lineas duas ele

lidium

v. Ins. 67. 133. Pl

Syst. 2.

description is so erroneous, that did we not know the original insect i

ipunctatus. Fab. Sy

ng species belong to the Stenoc

atis membranaceis, palpis securiformibus, thorace obscuro utrinque unispinoso margine antico tuberculisque dorsalibus utrinque duobus posticoque semicirculari rubris, scutello rubro; el

inentia media ovali glabra tribusque aliis utrinque inconspicuis, elytris bidentatis lineis subelevatis interstitiisque punctatis macula media

is, thorace subcylindrico utrinque unidentato supra quadrituberculato tuberculis anticis majoribus, elytris apice flav

abbreviatus. Fab. Syst. Eleuth. Leptura ceramboide

u Lepturae omnino recedit Cerambycibus propior," and certainly were it allowable to judge entirely from habit, it would seem to connect those American Saperdae of Fabricius and Olivier which have bearded antennae, such as (S. plumigera, Oli

o basilari longo apice crassiori, capite thoraceque cylindrico const

s. Schon. in App. Syn

aria. Don.

. Schon. in App. Syn

. Fab. Syst. Ele

gro bilineato, thorace obscuro cinereo inaequali postice subcanaliculato medio utrinque tuberculato, elytris obscuris f

sham, in Linnean Transaction

sham, in Linnean Transactio

sham, in Linnean Transaction

sham, in Linnean Transaction

s insect is merely a va

ham, in Linnean Transaction

utello nigro, thorace postice elytrorum sutura maculisque duabus dorsalibu

ham, in Linnean Transaction

rsham, in Linnean Transactio

icas duas divergentes in lineam transversam dispositis, scutellu piceo, elytris testaceis nigro-vari

d other Asiatic insects of this type, which have been separated from Chryso

Ephem. Entom. 21. Chrysomela cyanicor

eis, capite puncto verticali, thorace macula posticali, elytris punctato-striatis macul

the Chrysomela cyanipes of Fabricius,

guttata. Fab. Syst.

f New Holla

ii. Kirby, in Linnean

b. Syst. Eleuth. 2 51. 55. Var.

sta. Fab. Syst.

97. table 1

uinque nigris duabus anticis elongatia tribusque posticis rotundatis, ely

ORTH

posticali lunulisque utrinque duabus paulisper impressis, fascia ante marginem posticum nigrum lata alba transversa, e

he male are much lon

ateralibus denticulatis, elytris thorace duplo longioribus elongato-ovatis dilute viridibus margine externo maculaque media elevata flavescentibus; alis hyalinis dilute

teralibus postice haud denticulatis, elytris thorace haud duplo longioribus linearibus acuminatis antice viridibus margine flavescente postice subhyalinis subfusc

Captain P.P. K

Captain King after his friend Thoma

staceo maculatis maculaque in marginis antici medio magna alba, alis membranaceis nigro-fuscis albo-maculatis, antice coriaceis ad basin rubris nigro-maculatis ad

be not uncommon in New South Wales. Although much larger, it comes very near to the P. Gigas of Linnaeus and St

margine dentato et in processum segmentorum trium linearem desinente segmentis supra binis laminis dentatis in medio armatis, elytris viridibus subovatis minutis alarum rudimentis brevioribus; pedibus viridibus coxis triquetris, anticis angulo interiori tridentato, superiori denticulat

in order to afford as much information as possible to the naturalist, w

laribus angulis flavescentibus, elytris alis brevioribus lanceolato-ovatis, costa f

oll, a Javanese insect, inasmuch as its thorax is n

us. Leach, Zool.

obscure nebulosis, alis fusco-hyalinis, thoracis lateribus postice testaceis, corpore s

NEUR

guinea alis hyalinis stigmate fulvo nervisq

culata. Fab. Ent

gmatizans. Fab. En

s subtus albescens pedibus nigris, alis quatu

btus albidis, thorace abdomineque supra fuscis, segmentis abdom

HYMENO

teum. Fab. Sys

abricius, to be merely a variet

lata. Fab. Syst

orio. Fab. Syst

llaris. Fab. Sys

o-pubescens abdominis segmentis apice

ariabilis. Lea

us. Fab. Syst.

aniformis. Fab. S

spatio inter alas segmentique abdominalis secun

bylans. Fab. Sys

HAUSTE

LEPIDO

st. Nat. 2 page 754. 49. Godart.

be deemed a variety of P. eurypilus, a species hitherto recorded as inhabiting Java and Ambo

nus. Godart, Enc. Met

aculatis posticis dentatis fascia maculaque adjecta

wever, they are certainly permanent according to the above localities, and this species may be easily distinguished from epius, which it most resembles, by the large yellow spot near the mi

latis, inferis dentatis fascia alba extus dentata lunula media nigra

ng, of which the largest is the one nearest to the body; on the outside of these are two parallel rows of grey spots, the first range consisting of about nine oblong spots unequal in size, and the outer range of eight smaller, whitish, and round spots. The white band of the lower wings, which are not tailed, has a black crescent-like spot i

. Godart, Enc. Meth.

monia. Don. Ins.

dart, Enc. Meth. H

niveis anticis apice punctoque nigris, postici

ptain P.P. Kin

e black point, near the middle. The under wings are without any spots, but are bordered behind by a cinereous thread. The underside of the upper wings have the costa and summit covered wit

ng, after John Wilson Croker, Esquire, M

; anticis macula media nigra limboque albo-trimaculato;

se wings have a black spot near their middle, which is also on the underside, but there communicates by a transverse, short, and rather curved, black band, with a black superior edging of the wing. In other respects the underside of the superior wings is like the upper, exc

albis limbo exteriori utrinque nigro: anticis e

de. On this black border is a transverse row of four or five white spots, unequal in size. The lower wings have also a black border with one white spot, and which is simply crenated on the inside. T

a. Fab. Syst. E

on. Ins. of

Enc. Meth. Hist

, Enc. Meth. Hist

These minute differences appear to be sexual. At all events this is undoubtedly the P. eudora of Donovan, in his Insects of New Holland. M. Godart, however, most erroneously quotes another work of Donovan, namely, The Insects of India, and gives an erroneous description, apparently from confounding some Indian insect with the i

Godart, Enc. Meth.

. Godart, Enc. Meth.

lax. Don. Ins.

, Enc. Meth. Hist

Insects of India, instead of his Insects of New Hollan

is flavis, anticis apice fuscis, posticis margine nigr

different, as the extremity of the upper wings and the whole of the under wings are of a fawn colour. The underside

ppus. Godart, Enc.

ed by Hubner, in the row of white points round the edge of the upper side of the lower wings being evanescent. This species

s. Godart. Enc. Met

A atris; omnibus utrinque ad extimum punctis ad basin maculis subbifidis virescent

ing but a variety of that species. It differs, however, in being constantly of a smaller size, in its abdomen being black, and in the exterior row of white spots on the under wings not extending

ola. Fab. Ent. Sy

e's genus as have no pouches to the lower wings of their males; a

ibus, omnibus supra fascia maculari intra punctorum seriem marginalem abbrevi

y of the wing. There is also on the superior margin, about the middle of the upper wing, a white point, and at its inferior angle a marginal series of a few white points. The upper side of the lower wings has an abbreviated series of marginal points

ptain King after his friend Thoma

uor costalibus, maculis duabus angularibus et punctorum serie marginali albis, punctis extimum versus

l series of white points continued to the very tip of the upper wings, while they have three other points in the disc. T

inassa. Godart. Enc

a. Godart. Enc.

i, var. Godart. En

ksia. Godart. En

ona. Godart. Enc

ope. Godart. Enc

emor. Godart. Enc

phe. Godart. Enc

hnia. Godart. Enc

macha. Fab. Ent.

Godart. En

the Encyclopedie Methodique, should have been undertaken by a person who had not studied the classical collections that exist out of Pa

hesilea. Godart. E

native of Java, but Captain King found several specime

sulphurea atomisque apicem versus subviridibus aspersis, posticis rotundatis fascia basali o

fles, to whose scientific ardour and indefatigable exertions in

e four wings there runs a band of ashy-green atoms. The antennae and feet are black, and the breast whitish. The v

. 4. Var. alis atro-viridibus, anticis fascii

found in immense numbers, flitting among a grove of Pandanus trees, growing on the banks of a st

ricola. Don. Ins

each, Zool. Misc.

Enc. Meth

this insect many years before Dr. Leac

spersis, punctis duobus nigris basalibus et fasciis quatuor obscuris subapicalibus, inferis gri

persed very generally over the whole surface. The disk of the upper wings is rather blacker than the rest. The head and thorax are of the c

scentibus, alis integris; superis griseo-nigrescentibus maculis irregularibus nigris punctoque medio

. The thorax is gray, with a narrow, tawny, transverse mark, a lateral white fascia, two blac

integris hyalinis subtus ad originem flavis, superis basin versus brunneis pilis viridescentibus obtec

ingii. De Ceri

re, on the upper side, gray in the middle, and yellow on the sides; the third segment is black, with a part of the anterior edge yellowish towards the side; the fourth segment is entirely black, having only a white fringe on its anterior edge; the fifth segment

osus. Don. Insect

e duodecim nigris, alis testaceo-fuscis, superis ad basin albis punctis axillaribus tribus atris maculisque duabus mediis hyalinis, abdomine sup

at sea, has been named by Captain King after John Wilson

apicem versus fulva undata intus lineola fusca terminata, ad marginem externum dilatata, limbo punctorum serie vix marginato, subtus fascia alba,

HOMO

alasiae. Don. Ins

nctisque posticis variegato, abdomine atro fascia antica rubra analibusque tribus albis,

HEMI

banksii. Don. In

, that I almost think it to be the same s

tellera

s. Fab. Syst.

ellera im

lis. Fab. Syst

, scutello ad basin macula transversa rubra, corpore subtus nigro-cyaneo pectoris lateribus au

uteller

. Fab. Syst.

ntatoma

Fab. Ent. Sys

ntatoma

. Don. Ins. o

ineis alba nigraque transverse notato, scutello nigro, elytris flavis macula media parteque ap

r DI

vo, abdomine supra nigro maculis utrinque basin versus duabus viridibus, sub

y Captain King after Mr. James Hu

ad basin pilis flavis hirsuto, alis flavo-hyalinis apice

tatus. Don. Ins.

ubtus albescens, alis hyalinis basin versus subluteis, a

abdomine subtus testaceo alis fulvo-hyalinis apice margineque exter

Captain P.P. Ki

ieutenant John S. Roe, R.N.; one of the

entibus tomentosus subtus albidus, ore albo, pedibus nigris, ali

supra ad basin fulvo apice albo fasciaque media fusca, subtus albo pedibus atro-brun

ndida. Don. Ins

ARAC

cinereo, geniculis incrassatis pedibus nigro-fulvi

mii. Captain P.P.

Cunningham, the bota

properly separated from Epeira by D

ns thorace convexo, pedum pari secund

andibulis pedibusque apicem versus nigris, thorac

onsists in the circumstance of the two largest of the four middle eyes being the posterior ones. The p

s longioribus, cinereus thorace macula postica sublunari

RIP

cata. Gray, A

is sulcat

e, Test

DI

TRO

Peron and Lesueu

agrees very well with the short descri

riolaris. Lam

arger area agrulate and ornamented with two rows of white tubercles, nearly as large as those in the genus Cida

ometra l

ter. Gmel. Sy

ethod. t. 134

MAL

a ? Peron Voyage

Voyage Atlas,

lista, in being of smaller size, and with fewer tints; the colour of the tentacula was a brighter purple tipped with yellow globules, and the crest of a greenish hue

2. Lam. Hist. 2 485. Icon. Peron

curious animal was made by Lieutenant Roe. M.

RI

PHY

Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1 3

. 110. f. 8, 9. Sola

ls of this coral are furnishe

actuca, Lam.

ctuca, Palla

nd, and El

esenterina, Lam

erascens, Sol

and Ellis, Num

mpliata, Lam.

iata, Soland.

and Ellis, t

iciformis, Lam

ites, Gmel. Sy

d Ellis, page 14

macina, Lam.

us, Gmel. Syst

lis, t. 45. Seba. Mu

mpressa, Lam

? fastigiata,

giata, Gmel. Sy

d Ellis, t. 33.

gitata, Lam. His

lavaria, Lam.

tes, Gmel. Sys

. and Ellis,

ellulata ? La

lata, Soland. an

and Ellis. t

pecimen are more numerou

prolifera. Lam

icata, Gmel.

nd. and El

brotanoides, La

cata, Gmel. Sy

nd. and El

a subulata, La

iata, Pallas.

eata, Esper.

and Ellis, t

laxa (?) Lam

lantaginea (?)

er. Suppl

corymbosa, Lam

pocillifera, L

bellum, Gmel. Sy

ris, Ellis, Co

. and Ellis,

a cylindrica

drica, Soland.

. and Ellis,

ina (?) Lam. Hist

. Mus. 3 t

liata, Lam. Hist.

on

las. Zooph. 379. Lam.

Esper.

is, Esper. Lam. Hist

per. 2 page

ifera ? Lam. Hist.

on

ny figures; but as this author has described many species from the collection of Peron and Lesueur, which have not hitherto been figured, I ha

LUS

RD GRAY, ESQ

NCHOP

nomya a

ralis, Lam.

ctinata, Pero

viata ? Lam. Hi

on

lls are rather solid, white, or white variegated with purple, with numerous concentric wrinkles, which are more distinct nearer the margin; the umbones, covered with a thin pale periostraca, nearly smooth and polished, with a sm

valina, Lam

nded and circumscribed, and the posterior only marked by a raised line in the per

runcatus,

, Leach, Zool. Mi

a, b. Lam.

. 26. f. 3. 4. Ency.

nuicostatum,

on

ed umbones; the rose colour is often extended dow

aricata, Lam.

cata, Gmel. Sy

Conch. 6 134.

pis galac

tites, Lam.

on

h a modern conchologist has considered as a variety of Venerupis perf

miculata ? La

on

stinctly radiated striae; the umbones smooth, polished, orange-yellow; the lozenge lance

tessell

ngulatis picta; sulcis concentricis, ad latus p

on

arly equal, concentric, smooth ridges; the front part of the ridges somewhat elevated, thin, hinder part distinctly lamellar and much elevated: the lunule subulate, lanceolate; th

describes; one of these being fourteen-tenths of an inch long, and one inch high, is double the s

erea kin

trice substriata, radiata, radiis flavicant

al narrow lines, the umbones white, the edge quite entire; the lunule lanceolate heart-shape

orbicular. The specimen given to the Museum by Captain King, is one inch long, and eight-tenths of an inch high;

therea

bbia, Lam.

. 7 t. 39.

ubra ? Cardium

um rubrum of Montagu, but it is larger. It was found imbedded in the

imbula, Lam

haps, be a variety

igas, Lam. His

Gmel. Syst.

9. f. 495. Ency. Me

us radians ?

apha, Lam.

55. f. 548. Ency. Met

osus, Lam. His

r being very thick and solid, and of a fine dark colour, with only a narrow white band on the anterior basal edge. The edge is crenated, and the m

(Tulipa ?) a

var. 1. Lam. H

ot afford sufficient materials to separate it, since there is only one water-worn valve in the collection. It is not so d

hagus caud

era, Lam. Hist

eth. plate 22

bida, var. a. Lam

ffer materially from some of the same size among the American species. The outside is of a dull greenish-purple colour, with a few distant membranaceous laminae which are only slightly l

adians ? Lam. H

. 45. f. 469. 470. Ency

imus ? Lam. Hi

, Gmel. Syst.

. 60. f. 585. Ency. Met

too much worn down to be separated from it; in its present state it seem

rrimus, Lam. Hi

lly found by MM. Peron and Lesueur

a minut

iatim costata, costis transverse costato-st

is white, ovate, oblong, turned and closed at the ends; the surface is deeply radiately ribbed; the ribs are concentrically rib-striated, which gives their sides a

brata, Lam. Hi

hemn. Conch. Cab

n. 8 t. 90

his species with the anterior end uncurved, which has most p

r its yellow pearly intern

CHLEO

erulescens. La

eth. plate 44

outh-wes

is shell from a spec

oduliferus, L

onta coni

striflto-costata, rufa; costis subtubercula

-- Mu

paces, the apex rather acute; the base, rather convex, axis imperforated; the aperture subquadrangular, inside furrowed; the base of the columella lip with a prominent tooth a

nta uranul

ata, spiraliter papillata; papillis quadri-seriatis, um

. Mus

r part of the last, and of all the other whorls rather distant, and forming four series; those of the under part rather closer, and smaller. The axis unbilicated,

nta dentic

a, nigro punctata, spiraliter sulcata,

-- Mu

wer part of the last whorl nearly smooth, the umbilicus white, smooth inside, the edge furnished with a series of granules. The mouth subquadrangular, outer lip crenulate

constricta, La

donta ru

rpurea rudis crassa, labro duplicato, ex

-- Mu

wer whorl; the base rather convex, the aperture roundish, the axis (imperforate) covered with a white callus, which leaves a slight concavity over its end; the outer lip of three colours, the outer part purple

a clathra

olida, spiraliter et concentrice costata;

e ribs, which form an acute tubercle where it crosses the spiral ridges, the suture deeply impressed, very distinct, the aperture nearly orbicular, the outer lip dentic

ral form and the shape of its umbilicus, but is white and ribbed like Rissoa

um biangul

sub-striata rufo variegata, anfractibus biangulatis

es with the upper edge, white, with a convex thread-like rib round its base, which is distantly articulated; base of the whorls convex, red, punctured and variegated with white; axis conical,

Gmel. Sys. Nat. 359

5 t. 181. f

tus, Gmel. 3597.

10 293. figur

, Lam. Ency. Meth. pl

ulimoides, La

ale, Gmel. Sys

9 t. 120. f

nella pulc

cida linea albida opaca et fasciis cocci

ue white intercepted striae and several transverse scarlet bands formed of o

pullus of Montague, but the whorls are more

tralis, Lam. His

on

aria ten

unifasciata, costis albis tenuibus ereberrimis

convex, smooth, with numerous close oblique slightly raised, thin, simple-edged cross ribs; axis umbilic

o principalis of Pallas, Chemn. 11 t. 195, f. 1876, 187

aciniata, Lam. H

us, Gmel. Sys

r. Conch. t

he Coral Reefs, in the entrance of Princ

ata, Lam. Hist

onch. 5 t. 190

ilis, Gmelin. S

. 5 190, f.

illa, Lam. His

la, Gmel. Sy

571. f. 22. Enc. Meth

tica a

5 t. 189. f

ica, Lam. Hist

5 t. 189. f

ina austra

dis spiraliter striata sulca

pire acute, the whorls rather convex, last slightly angular, the columella lip purplish

ina unifas

ida laevigata, anfractibus convexis ultimo

on

; the whorls rather convex, last one slightly angular in front; mouth ovate; throat purple or purplish-black with a distinct broad white spiral band just bel

zag, the Trochus zigzag of Montague, but is all of

tre, Brug. Dict. n.

s, Gmel. Syst. Na

837. f. 63. Seba, 3 t. 50. f. 13. 14. 1

num, Brug. Dict. n.

162. f. 1548, 1549. Ency.

orus, Lam. Hist

er. t. 102

? Lam. Hist. 7 77

brought home, but when a more perfect specimen

perversum ? La

sa fasc

ciatum, Lam.

sa sutu

urale, Lam.

sa muta

Gmel. Syst. Nat. 34

orn. t. 9. f. 13. Chemn. Con

sa livi

a purpureo-livida obscure castaneo bifasciata, anfractibus convexius

on

except at the front part of the last, just over the groove, where it is spirally striated; the suture distinct (not channelled) marked by a white line; the i

etween it and Columbella, characterized by the narrow form of the mouth. It is most nearly alli

tula stri

ulcato-striata transverse et interrupte costata, anfractuum ma

on

ith distant impressed spiral lines near the suture, with a rather flattened slightly nodulose band; the mouth rather more than one-third the length of th

atina, var. La

he last whorl near the spire slightly concave, edged with a scarcely raised rather nodulous line,

are so exceedingly apt to vary, that I do not wish to increase the

lammea. Lam.

mmea, Brug.

, Lin. Sys. Nat.

. et t. 1005. f. 72. Martini

riegatum, Lam

on

aemastoma, La

a, Lin. Syst. Nat.

f. 48. Martini Conch.

ustus ? Lam.

77. f. 9. 10. Martini Con

ption of Lamarck, except that the whole edg

ium tranqu

ebaricum, Lam

. Meth. t.

onium au

rale, Lam.

m australe, Ch

11 t. 194.

eucostoma, La

on

ike it, neither form a complete series, nor are they alternate, so

s verruc

sus, Gmel. Sy

. 4 t. 146. f

, Brug. Dict. n. 66

42. f. 1317. Ency. M

us. Brug. Dict. n.

. Meth. t.

us maur

bus fuscis, spira subdepressa mucronata,

on

ssed; crowned, blunt; the epidermis pale greenish-brown; the inside white, with two broad bl

st. Nat. 1 3398. Lam. Hist. 7

f. 3. Martini. 1 t. 31. f. 32

t. Nat. 1 3408. Lam. Hist. 7

. 29. Martini 1 t. 24. f. 232-

North-east Coast of Australia are generally of

Syst. Nat. 3407. Lam. Hist.

52. Martini 1 t. 30. f. 317-319.

. Nat. 3409. Lam. Hist. 7 38

enelli, G

qualina,

30. Martini 1 t. 23. f. 230, 231

st. Nat. 3415. Lam. Hist. 7 4

t. 24. f. 239. 240. E

a, Lam. Hist. 7 401

on

t. Nat. 3414. Lam. Hist. 7 40

. 59. Martini 1 t. 31. f. 337.

Lin. Syst. Nat. 117

ea, Gmel. Sys

acea, b. Lam

. Gaz. t.

yst. Nat. 1175. Gmel. 3406. Lam. Hi

t. 704. f. 52. Martini 1 t. 33

10. Lam. Hist. 7 394. Gray, Zool. Journal

5. Martini 1 t. 23. f. 224, 225.

. Syst. Nat. 1130. Gmel.

38. Martini Conch. 1 t. 30. f. 3

at. 1 1181. Gmel. 3418. Lam. Hist

. f. 17. Ency. M

oniscus, Lam

t. 706. f. 55. Martin

ustralis, Lam

on

ula ? Lam. Hist

ht up by the sounding line. The shell is longitudinally grooved, and very remarkable for being furnished with numerous, rather distant, smooth,

utulata, Lam

e discolor, Chemn.

l.c. t. 151.

ell before me; excepting that the spots round the suture form nearly a continual band at a little distance from it; the outer

nella min

lita, spira conoidea obtusiuscula, la

on

the aperture, rather blunt; outer lip somewhat inflexed; columella with f

plicatus, Lam

atus, Gmel. S

. 14. f. 21. Schroet. Einl. in Conch. 1 t.

urceus, Lin

857. f. 13. Martini. Con

bus austr

co-variegata, spira exserta, cauda recurva, labro incrassato

n.

tudinally ribbed with one more prominent than the rest, the one nearest the suture being acute and tuberculated; the canal recurved; the outer lip thic

hemn. 10 t. 156. f. 1487, 1488; this last Lamarck considers as the true S. auris dianae, whilst Linnaeus unquestionably describes the shell figured by Martini, 7 t. 84. f. 840, and by Seba, 3 t, 61. f. 1, 2, which I hav

lambis, Lam.

is, Gmel. Sys

866. f. 21. Martini, Con

t from Strombus camelus of

, Gray, Ann. of Phi

on

r. Conch. t. 714. f. 72. with which it has been general

a hyalin

tenuis hyalina albida laevis conc

on

rugose; the vertex thickened, not perforated; the aperture rather longer than the shell;

toma haliot

otoideus, Lam.

Conch. 1 t. 1

onix lis

ter. t. 5

a shelly support, but corrodes the surface of the shell to which it is attached, so as to form a more flat attachment, and to leave a l

iata, Var. Gray, P

a exigua,

japonica

an, Nat. Re

ii, Gray, Ann. P

c

is slightly wrinkled; whorls six, rather convex; aperture ovate, about half as long as the shell; peristome thin (pe

ls of King George the Third's Sou

toma austr

ta albida fasciis binis fuscis cincta, spira brevi

on

er, placed on the middle of the whorl, broad; whorls five; convex rounded, with numerous close concentric furrows; axis umbilic

on rugos

, valvis tuberculatis,

on

th numerous small tubercles both on the central

tramoserica,

11 t. 197.

radiata, Ch

11 t. 197.

nical than in the figure above quoted, and th

ella neg

ogramma, Sowe

Sow. G

re covered with narrow intermediate grooves, marked with a black spot on the internal edge of the shell, which is permanent through all the variations of the outer surface. The inside is pale purplish-brown, with a yellowish-white muscul

the rocky shores of King

as not been any hitherto described to which, in its present state, it can with any certainty be referred. It is conical, convex, with twenty-four or twenty-five distinct convex ribs alternately increasing in size; the grooves between the ribs are broad,

iotis ro

plicata spiraliter sulcata intus argent

on

is rather prominent, and pierced with six or seven moderate-sized, slightly tubular, holes; the inside is iridescent, pearly, rather wavy, and exhibits two distinct whorls; the columella lip is short

King, has been named after Lieutenant J.S. R

emn. 10 t. 166. f. 1604, but differs from it

is cunningh

licata spiraliter striata intus argenteo et rubro

on

es; the spire rather prominent, apex placed about one-fourth of the breadth of the shell from the sutural angle on the outer lip, consisting of four whorls which rapidly enlarge; the inside expanded out, disk nearly flat exhibiting one distinct

has been named after Mr. Allan Cunningh

ly allied to Haliotis midae

otis squa

ntio-rubens spiraliter costata, costis tubercul

c

ntains ten or twelve rather large holes; the spire slightly raised, very near the edge, consisting of two or three very rapidly-enlarging whorls; the inside concave, showing the external ribs, reddish pearly; the columel

unt of its long form, and curved lowe

armorata, Lin.

ini. 1 t.

icundus, De Montf

ris, Leach, Zo

stalis, Lam. H

tf. 2 t. 114

sures three inches and a half by two and a half. It

ROP

fragilis, La

unis, Lam. Hi

na, Lin. Sys

. f. 24. Chemn, 5 t.

the towing-net in the Indian Ocean, on the pas

exigua, Lam. H

; it is proved to be very distinct from J. fragilis, from the description of its float by Dr. Coates in the

identata, Lam.

mus ? Lin. Sys

ata, Forsk. Fa

. b. Chemn. 8 Vign. 13. Cuv

ALOP

ragilis, Lam.

Lam. Ency. Method

onii, Lam.

ula, Lin. Sys

spicula,

artini. 1 Veg. 254. t. 20. f. 184,

n notice of at a future period, as they require particular examination and minut

ers refer, have been presented to the British Museum, namely, 2, 5, 7, 8, 12, 13,

CERTAIN COASTS OF TERRA AUSTRALIS, AND MO

LLAN CUN

THE ROYAL G

th-western Coasts of New Holland, and that portion of the North Coast, not seen by that able navigator, the late Captain Flinders; a most favourable opportunity was thereby afforded f

eceived from the Right Honourable Sir Joseph Banks, on behalf of the Government, directing me to place myself under the orders of Captain P.P. King, to whom the execution of this important service had been intrusted, and to accompany him to those particular coasts, destined for his investigation, in order to form and prepare such collections of their vegetation, for the use of His Majesty's gardens at Kew, as circumstances, and

till it appears necessary, in this place, to take a general retrospective view of those parts of the coasts under examination, whereon my researches were made, adverting, at

these several excursions (in some of which ample time was afforded me) did by no means answer my expectations; herbaceous plants being for the most part dead, and the few (hard woody) shrubs scarcely bearing fructification: disadvantages arising, in fact, from the extreme barrenness of the land,

ber of specimens of plants bearing fructification, gathered at Port Keats, Vansittart Bay, Port Warrender, and especially in Cambridge Gulf (where we spent ten days) was nevertheless considerable and highly interesting, belonging, however, almost wholly to established genera of which Grevillea and Acacia were the most striking. The breaking up of the monsoon at length again obliged Captain King to close his examination of the coast for that season

d, and with those that are frequent on the North Coast, and tropical shores of New South Wales, some were remarked that were originally discovered on the South Coast. The period again arrived, that rendered it necessary to depart from the coast, independent of the leaky state of our vessel, which materially hastened our return to Port Jackson, when the cutter was considered wholly unfit for a fourth voyage, in which the complete survey of the north-west, and the examination of the line of west coasts were contemplated. To effect this important service, the colonial government purchased a brig, subsequently named the Bathurst, and I again accompanied Captain King from Port Jackson, in May, 1821, to those parts of the coasts then remaining unexplored, at which we arrived at the close of July. Our very limited stay on those shores, however, was

y the botanists accompanying Captain Baudin's voyage. I had no opportunity of examining any part of the main, during our run northerly along its extensive shore, but I landed on Rottnest Island, and repeatedly visited the northern extremity of Dirk Hartog's Island, off Shark's Bay, where I gathered, under every discouragement of season, some of the most important port

cies, discovered formerly in the great Gulf of Carpentaria, there were several most interesting new plants. With a view towards an entire completion of the survey of the several coasts of the continent, that part of New South Wales within the tropic, north of Cape Bedford, which was not seen by Captain Cook, entered into the plans of the Mermaid's second voyage; and it was highly gratify

rs, the other portion being in part unpublished species, previously discovered on other coasts of Terra Australis, and in part absolutely new, referable, however, mostly to well defined genera. Of Cryptogamous plants, there are but few species, and of these, or parasitical Orchideae, none have been detected in these voyages in addition to those already described: a circumstance, that with respect to the N

t matter in the valuable essay, published at the close of the account of Captain Flinders' voyage, respecting the relative proportions of the three grand divisions of plants in Australia, as far as they had been discovered at that period, and has, from very extensive materials, given us a comparative view of that portion of its Flora, and the vegetation of other countries

n genera of this remarkable natural family, it is singular that so few of the order should have been discovered: a fact in the history of the Australian vegetation, which (upon

to an area within the parallels of 15 and 17 degrees South; should, however, its range be more extensive, it is southerly one or two degrees, in which direction a remarkable primary granitic formation of the coast continues, throughout the whole neighbourhood of which is a peculiar density of dark moist forest, seemingly dependent on it, and evidently indispensable to the life of this species of Calamus; but at the termination of this geological structure, it m

palms were seen. If the structure of a coast, and its natural disposition to produce either humidity or drought be consulted (a point, with respect to this order, as well as certain other tropical tribes, appearing very important) those portions of the western shores recently seen, indicate no one character that would justify the supposition of the existence of the Palmae in the corresponding extremes of the respecti

It probably constitutes a new genus distinct from Cordyline of Commerson, to which, however, it appears closely allied; and has an extensive range on the East Coast, where, although it has for the most part been observed within the tropic, it extends nevertheless as far as latitude 31 degrees Sout

pine) found also at the southern extremes and western coast of Van Diemen's Land, which may prove to be a Dacrydium. Callitris, of which seven species are known, and principally found in the parallel of Port Jackson, has also been discovered upon the North-west Coast, in about latitude 15 degrees South; and another species, remarkable for its general robust habit, was observed at Rottnest Island, on the West Coast. A tree, most certainly of this family, and probably (from h

most considerable genus of the order in that continent; and although chiefly found on the north and north-western shores, is also traced on the East Coast, almost to latitude 36 degrees South, w

Endeavour River. Of the genus Urtica, whose numerous species can simply be considered as of herbaceous duration, although a few of tropical existence assume a fruticose habit, there is one plant in the vicinity of

within about two degrees of the tropic on the West Coast, having been lately observed on Dirk Hartog's Island. It is rather remarkable that neither Leptomeria nor Choretrum form a part of the feature of the vegetation of the arid, depressed portions of the North-west Coast,* where several of the more harsh

owards the No

hich were described all the species known at that period, a few important discoveries have been made in Terra Aust

aining seeds orbicularly surrounded by a membranous wing, more or less dilated, and a deciduous style; characters that future botanists may deem sufficient to justify its separation from Grevillea. The range of this division, which has been named by Mr. Brown, Cycloptera, has been hitherto limited to the Gulf of Carpentaria, and the tropical shores of the East Coast. Of the genus Hakea, hitherto almost wholly excluded from

ing all the habits of Hakea, of the South-west Coast, but being without

West Coast (properly so called) does not afford us materials to hazard even a partial conclusion, relative to the existence of this family on its shores, excepting from the total absence of any one plant of Proteaceae at those parts of Rottnest and Dirk Hartog's Islands visited during the Bathurst's voyage; an inference may be drawn of the general paucity of any part of the order on the shores of the neighbouring main. Although no species have been found common to shores opposite to each other, in the higher latitudes, the identity of Grevillea mimosoides, Persoonia falcata, and Hakea arborescens, has been established upon the East Coast, and the north-western shores, in the parallel of about 15 degrees South: but whilst this geographical diffusion has been remarked in refer

ia to exist on its eastern coast, within and beyond the tropic, and the species in the collection lately formed, are referred t

iscovered upon Dirk Hartog's Island, where, as also at Rottnest Island,

which Varronia of Linne, and Cerdana of Ruiz and Pavon, have at length been united) only two species have been found in Terra Australis, of which one had been previously discovered in New Caledonia; and during the late voyages C. orientalis has been observed on the North-west

r be divided, according to the shape of the calyx, the number of fertile stamina, and more especially the form of the fruit (which in some species is an orbicular or elliptical capsule, varying in others to a long

lis the order is reduced to four plants, of which one is a recent discovery, and may be referred to Spathodea. In that continent, the order exists only upon the North and East Coasts; it is not, however, entirely limited

to these natural families, have been described from specimens formerly discovered upon the East and North

, exist on that extensive coast, where Balfouria and Alyxia have each an accession of species. Of Strychnos, which is also frequent, and probably produces its flowers during the rainy season (as has been remarked of th

iscovered upon the South Coast during the voyage of Captain Flinders, of which one plant has alsa a much more extensive range than has been given it heretofore. It is Scaevola spinescens, which forms a portion of the harsh, rigid vegetables of Dirk Hartog's Island on the West Coast, and from that shore probably occupies a part of a very considerable ext

Flora of other equinoctial countries, tend, in some measure, to diminish the peculiar character of the vegetation of Terra Australis on those shores, and thus it is a considerable assimilation to the Flora of a part of a neig

ast; whilst, in corresponding parallels on the opposite, or north-western shores, the order, althou

yond the tropics in other countries, extends in New South Wales as far south as the

Australis, has constructed a distinct family, named Rhizophoreae; suggesting, at the same time, the analogy of Loranthus and Viscum to Santalaceae, and particularly to Proteaceae. The genus Loranthus, of which nearly the whole of its described species have been limited to the tro

ognising the dependent habits of its congeners, it rises from the soil to a tree fifteen feet high, being never remarked relying upon other vegetables for its subsistence. Viscum is found in the colony of Port Jackson, to which it is not confi

nd Labillardiere (from which Trachymene of Rudge is probably not distinct) and a suffruticose plant referred to Cussonia, that have been collected upon the East Coast. Upon t

oes not exceed sixteen plants. Of Eucalyptus itself, only seven species were detected on those shores, and these, for the most part, form small trees, more approaching the average dimensions of all their congeners in the colony of Port Jackson. Melaleuca is limited to three species, one of which was originally discovered by the celebrated navigator, Dampier, on the

h other in the position of the stamina, with relation to the petals, and in the character of the fruit; which, when vie

only to exist. Upon the north-western shores, a species of Ziziphus (common to the East and North Coasts) forms a tree of large dimensions, where also an undescribed Celastrus has been discovered. Since Pomaderris evidently increases from the verge of t

extensive natural class in the Herbarium recently formed, which bear a pr

e been collected, in various stages of fructification; nearly the whole of which are unpublished plants. Several of those discovered on the north-western shores, and islands off the West Coast, being also extremely curiou

more temperate regions, have been discovered. Thus Hovea and Bossiaea were detected in New South Wales, in latitude 20 and 22 degrees South, as well as on the North Coast; the latter genus being likewise found on the

y other parts of those shores; Jacksonia and Gompholobium, genera of Papilionaceae, with distinct stamens, almost limited to the parallel of Port Jackson and the South Coast, were observed: Daviesia, almost wholly restricted to the higher Australian latitudes, has been remarked on the North Coast. Of Lomentaceae, Bauhinia, Caesalpinia, an

to established Linnean genera, of which Croton and Phyllanthus are most remarkable and numerous, existing on all the intratropical shores of Terra Australis, but by no means limited to them, both genera, togeth

is sparingly scattered on the East and North Coasts; and Acalyph

cribed by Mr. Brown, there are sixteen species in the Herbarium of these voyag

ast of Van Diemen's Land. Bursaria on the other hand, appearing limited to New South Wales, has been traced within the tropic to latitude 19 degrees South on those eastern shores, and although th

iar character to their vegetable productions, is comparatively rare within the tropic; for upon the East Coast Eriostemon

temon has been observed on the north-western shores, in the parallel

ssieu) Tribulus is frequent on the tropical shores of New Holland, and a species of Zygophyllum, with line

wholly capsular fruit. This structure of nectarium is most striking in Turraea, of which a species was observed upon the East Coast, far within the tropic; where also, as well as on all the other equinoctial shores of the continent, Carapa, more remarkable on accoun

East Coast, in about latitude 35 degrees, as also within the tropic; and the other, which appears to belong to Stadmannia, was discovered upon the same co

Fourteen species of Hibiscus and Sida were observed on the intratropical Coasts of Australia, beyond which also, on the opposite shores of the continent, each genus has been remarked. One species of Bombax with polyandrous flowers, and subspherical obtusely pentagonal capsules, was discovered upon the East Coast, in about latitude 14 degrees South, and on nearly the western extreme of the same parallel, it appeared much more abundant. Of Sterculia which is scarcely to be found beyond the tropics in other countries, a species exists in New South Wales

the North-west Coast, where also Abroma, hitherto limited to the tropical parts of New South Wales, has been discovered bearing flowers and young fruit. One species of Commersonia was gathered at widely-different parts of the north-western shore

ing all the external form and bulk of Adansonia of the western shores of Africa. At the respective period of visiting those parts of the North-west Coast, this gouty tree had previously cast its foliage of the preceding year, which is of quinary insertion, but it bore ripe fruit, which is a large elliptical pedicellated unilocalar capsule (a bacca corticosa) containing many seeds enveloped in a dry pithy substance. Its flowers, however, have never been discovered, but from the characters of the fruit, it was (upon d

stralia, and like Capparis, several species exist on the Nor

being found within the tropic, at Endeavour River, and on the North-west

houars. The one discovered on the North-west Coast, and allied to H. angustifolium of Mr. Brown; the other proving also new, but approaching in character the doubtful species, H. leschenault

ringly observed on these coasts, that were more particularly investigated during the progress of the late voyages; but as these several plants form portions of orders so extremely limited, and in themselves presentin

ast was visited, had wholly destroyed plants of annual duration, with most of the Gramineae, and had indeed generally affected the mass of its herbaceous vegetation. The collections, therefore, can simply be viewed as a gleaning, affording such general outlines of characteristic feature, as will enable the botanist to trace its affinit

some few observations made during the voyages, it appears that (with the exception of Gompholobium, Boronia, Kennedia, and one or two unpublished species

verned by the primary formation of the coast, its mountainous structure, and consequent permanency of moisture in a greater or less degree; namely, almost all the genera of Filices, the parasitical Orchideae, Piper, Dracontium and Calladium (genera of Aroideae) Commelina and Aneilema, Calamus and S

ggest the opinion, that such plants alone of other parts of the continent are indigenous to the North-west Coast, as are capable of sustaining themselves in a soil subjected to seasons of protracted parching droughts. This may apply to some species upon that coast, but it cannot be reduced to a general conclusion; for, on the one hand, it is singular so few of the plants of the South and South-west Coasts, and particularly that none other of their genera of Proteaceae (than those already mentioned) found altogether in an arid soil, should have been discovered throughout any part of it

among the many species which are absolutely proper to that coast, a Capparis of such extraordinary habit, as to form a feature in the landscape of a limite

-western shores, declines materially at, and in the vicinity of their southern limits, where the characteristic vegetation of the south, and perhaps the west, coasts has more particularly been found. Besides Eucalyptus and Acacia, which are abundant on every shore, and generally diffused throughout those parts of the interior that have been pe

rious circumstances, have been effected; although of all, very considerable portions remain unexplored, and of the line of West Coast (properly so denominated) the shores of Shark's Bay, and some few parts south of it, have alone been scientifically investigated. The interior within the tropic remains entirely in obscurity; the contin

country, it may be inquired, how far these facts might, when applied to other parallels, identify a certain portion of the Flora of the interior, and that of the sea-coast in the same latitude; or, in other terms, how far the botany of the coast indicates the general feature of the vegetation to a certain limit, in the interior on the same parallel? Favourable opportunities were afforded me, to compare the vegetation of opposite coasts within the tropic, at the eastern and western extremes of a particular parallel; and the results of such a

range of certain genera and species, hitherto co

Wales, in latitude 31 degrees South: and I have been credibly informed, that the same plant is frequent in the vicinity of Port Stephens, which is at least a degree to the southward of the above parallel. The latitude of

uent in dense forests on the East Coast, almost to latitude 35 degrees South, where it exhibits all the tropical habits assumed on the northern shores, although the difference of climate, and consequent temperature, are abundantly obvious. On the other hand, a palm of very robust growth, with l

hat particular voyage, has a far more extensive range upon that shore than has been hitherto understood. During the Mermaid's voyages, Araucaria was observed in the vicinity of Mount Warning, in New South Wales, which lies in the parallel of Norfolk Island (29 degrees South); thence northerly it was very sparingly seen towards the tropic, within which, however, as far as latitud

s, in the country off which the Five Islands are situate, extending on that shore to latitude 35 degrees South: and Schelhammera multiflora, Br., a d

Diemen's Land, have been recently ascertained to exist also in New

South-west Coast, was seen in the interior, as far to t

Labill., was observed i

minutes East: and Daviesia latifolia of Mr. Brown is very frequent in societies upon plains at Bath

ave been lately seen tolerably frequent in a remarkable tract of country, in latitude 34 degrees, on the limit of the colony, where the former assumes a robust, arborescent

TERRA AUSTRALIS, IN AND ABOUT THE PARALLEL OF FIFTEEN DEGRE

ia Herma

on fistu

lanuginosu

aria in

ea bulb

us pedunc

angula

oblonga

s latifo

ia falc

a mimoso

rboresc

ramosis

a coeru

mon erec

ntana orie

a ovat

os luci

obtusif

longif

denticul

mariti

villosus,

carina

orienta

endrum i

nia tome

hus axil

anicul

lauri

sia obo

parvifo

p. allied to

visco

s sepia

s tilia

fastu

x aus

ia thes

inia

lpini

occiden

ina Bon

citrif

molucce

s melas

ra gymnor

equiseti

mparison) with the above list, it is more than probable that these several species occupy portions of the intermediate interior bounded by the meridians of 125

OYAGES ON THE SHORES OF TERRA AUSTRALIS, TH

hum alci

acrostich

um exalt

ium uni

a elong

ium ni

a flacc

ia Herma

aria in

ea bulb

? macrorhi

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e ind

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nummular

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Turpeth

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villosus,

sma zeyl

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orienta

s scutellar

drum ine

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fragrans,

koenigi

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s tilia

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acida,

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fastu

equisetifo

OUTH-WEST COAST OF NEW HOLLAND: WITH OBSERVATIONS ON THE STRUCTURE OF ITS

ESQUIRE, F.R.S.

N SOCIETY OF LONDON, NO

emarkable appearance, observed in the year 1801, near the shores of King George the Third's So

e botanist attached to Captain King's voyages, who examined the plant in the same place of growth, in February, 1818, and in December, 1821, was not more fortunate than myself. Captain King, however, in his last visit to King George's Sound, in November, 1822, observed it with ripe seeds: and at length Mr. William Baxter, whose at

nders Voyage vo

gave every assistance in his power to Mr. Cunningham, the indefatigable botanist who accompanied him. The name is also intended as a mark of respect to the memory of the late Captain Philip Gidley King, who, as Governor o

NG

rope Dasypogon, Cal

Antheris basi affixis. Ovarium triloculare, loculis monospermis; ovulis adscendentibus. Stylus 1.

ima, figura et dispositione Xanthorrhoeae. Pedunculi numerosi foliis breviores, bracteis vaginantibus imbricatis tecti, floriferi terminales erecti, m

ustralis

simis, antica et postica plana, lateralia complicata lateribus inaequalibus, omnia basi subangustata, extus longitudinaliter sed extra medium praecipue villosa, intus glaberrima, aestivatione imbricata. Stamina sex subaequalia, aestivatione stricta filamentis sensim elongantibus: Filamenta fere hypogyna ipsis basibus foliolorum perianthii quibus opposita leviter adhaerentia, filiformia glabra teretia: Antherae stantes, ante dehiscentiam lineares obtusae filamento paulo latiores, defloratae subulatae vix crassitie filamenti, loculis parallelo-contiguis connectivo dorsali angusto adnatis, axi ventrali longitudinaliter dehiscentibus, lobulis baseos brevibus acutis subadnatis: Pollen simplex breve ovale laeve. Pistillum: Ovarium sessile disco nullo squamulisve cinctum, lanceolatum trigono-anceps villosum, triloculare, loculis monospermis. Ovula erecta fundo anguli interioris loculi paulo supra basin suam inserta, obovata lenticulari-compressa, aptera: Testa in ipsa basi acutiuscula foramine minuto perforata: Membrana interna respec

ce visa; 9, pistillum; 10, ovarii sectio transversalis; 11, ejusdem portio longitudinaliter secta exhibens ovulum adscendens cavitatem loculi replens; 12, ovulum ita longitudinaliter sectum ut membrana interna solummodo ejusque insertio in apice cavitatis testae visa sit; 13, o

S.

structure of its stem with that genus. In Xanthorrhoea the direction of fibres or vessels of the caudex seems at first sight to resemble in some degree the dicotyledonous arrangement, but

x of one of the larger species of the genus, brought from Port Jackson, and deposited in the collection at the Jardi

S.

ia and Xerotes, genera peculiar to New Holland, and of which the two former have

is affinity is not confirmed by a minute comparison of the parts of fructification, a sufficient agreement is still manifest to strengthen the

Junceae from Asphodeleae, a more important character in Junceae exists in the position of the embryo, whose radicle points always to the base of the seed, the e

S.

E UNIMPREGNATED OVULUM

ly different from the accounts hitherto published of that organ before fecun

structure of the Ovulum, and its essential difference from the accounts of other observers, as briefly as

even before fecundation, of the place and direction of the future Embryo. These remarks, however, which were certai

page 601, and Linnean Society

n: Ovulum erectum, intra testam membranaceam continens sacculum pendulum, magnitudine cavitatis testae, and in reference to this description, I have in the same pl

Flinders Voy

ogamous plants the unimpregnated Ovulum very generally consisted of two concentric membranes, or coats, enclosing a Nucleus of a pulpy cellular texture. I had observed also, that the inner coat had no connexion either with the outer or with the nucle

an Society Transa

ployed, indeed, the less correct term sacculus, which, however, sufficiently expressed the appearance of the included bo

ium, or with any process derived from them. But, as I was then unable to detect this foramen in many of the plants which I had examined, I did not attach sufficient importance to it; and in judging of the direction of the Embryo, entirely depended on ascertaining the apex of the nucleus,

n microscopical observation were necessary, succeeded in ascertaining the very general existence of the foramen in the membranes of the Ovulum. But as the foramina in these membranes invariably correspon

e, that its correctness may be judged of, I shall proceed to state the various observations that have been actually ma

ff of the stalk," but formed for purposes afterwards stated to be the aeration of the Embryo, and facilitating the passage of its radicle in germination. It appears that he did not consider this foramen in the t

Veget. begun page 3. An

s, of which the outer is the testa; the other, his middle membrane, is evidently what I have term

omy of Plants pa

and his chorion the nucleus. He has not, however, distinguished, though he appears to have seen, the foramen of Grew,

atome Plant. p

of pollen, or their particles after bursting, may be supposed to reach and act upon the unimpregnated Ovula, which he had himself carefully observ

Camerarii de sexu plantaru

ndation, but inferred its existence generally and at that period, from having, as he says, "discovered in the seeds of beans, peas, and Phaseoli, just under one end of what we call the eye, a manifest perforation, which leads directly to the seminal plant,"

cal Transactions volum

er that they had merely advanced from the observation of Grew, and the conjecture founded on it by Morland, whose hypothesis they adopt without acknowledgment, to the unqualified assertion of its existence, in all cases. For it is to be remarked, that they take no notice of what had previously been observed or asserted on the more impo

s primordia Vermis? in auctoris Tract

l'Acad. des Sc. de

consist in an aura, conveyed by the tracheae of the style to the ovula, which it enters, if I rightly understan

s sur la Structure

modified, however, as they consider the particles in the grains of Pollen, not the gra

icroscopical Disc

Microscop. page 45

es its first excitement from a vapour or aura proceeding from the Pollen, conveyed t

. des Plant. to

body; but in two Cucurbitaceae to consist of a nucleus surrounded by three coats. Of these coats he rightly supposes the outermost to be merely the epidermis of the middle mem

Anim. e Veget. tome

s a pulpy homogeneous globule, whose epidermis, then scarcely distinguishable, separates in a more advanced stage, and becomes the testa of the seed, the inner membrane of which is entirely the product of fecundation.* H

de Fruct. et Sem. 1

ter coat of the ovulum, at a point distinct from, but at the period of impregnation closely approximated to the umbilicus, and to the cicatrix of this cord, which itself is soon obliterated, he gives the name of Micropyle: that the ovulum has two coats, each having its p

. du Mus. d'Hist.

ted ovulum, have apparently contented himself with an examination of the ripe seed. Hence, however, he has formed an erroneous opinion of the nature and

in 1808 he published his valuable and original Analyse du Fruit. The ovulum has, according to him, but one covering, which in the ripe s

urishing and fecundating vessels,** and as consisting of a uniform parenchyma, in which the embryo appears at first a minute point, gradually conver

Physiol. Veg. et de

. Id. tome

ote. Id.

cle of the embryo. This excellent botanist, at the same time, adopts M. Turpin's opinion, that the micropyle is the cicatrix of a vascular cord, and even gives instances of its connexion with the parietes of the ovarium; mistaking, as I believe

Mus. d'Hist. Nat.

the vegetable embryo,* in which he describes the ovulum before fecundation as having two coats: but of these,

ick. des Embryo

eviranus, published his observations on the same subject.* In what regards the structure of the

Mus. d'Hist. Nat. to

hey do not even mention the well-known essays of MM. Turpin and Auguste de St. Hilaire on the micropyle

the ovulum before impregnation:* and of M. Turpin, as to the situation of the micropyle, and its being the cicatrix of

lem. Philos.

te. Id. p

vulum, differs essentially from all those now quoted, and I am not

ed its internal structure, have trusted too much to sections merely, and have neglected its appearance externally: and that those who have not at all examined it in the early stage, have given the most correct account of its surface. This account was founded on a ve

n's account, is the usual structure of the organ. There are, however, several families in each of the two primary divisions of phaenogamous plants, in which the inner membrane,

of the embryo can never point directly to the external umbilicus or hilum, th

d in the albumen; but, in the recent state, is either immediately in contact with the inner membrane of the seed, or this contact is established by means of a process generally very short, but sometimes of great length, and

om the nucleus, in this family, therefore, the direction of the embryo can only be judged of from the vessels of the testa.* And in Lemna I have found an apparent inversion of the embryo with relation to the apex of the nucl

n Society Transact

ons to this rule evidently tend to confirm it. The most remarkable of these exceptions occur in those species of Euonymus, which, contrary to the usual structure of the genus and family they belong to, have pendulous ovula; and, as I have long since

Abel's Chi

present their margins to the placenta, as in Proteaceae, or have the plane of the wing at right angles to it, as in several Liliaceae. These organs are visible also in some of those seeds that have their test

eglected by two classes of observers. The first consisting of those, among whom are several of the most eminent carpologists, who have regarded the coats of the seed as products of fecundation. The second of those auth

irely omitted. It is, however, worthy of remark, that in the early stage of the ovulum, this envelope is in general hardly visible even in those cases where, as in Hibber

rmly belonging to the outer membrane of the ovulum. The chalaza, properly so called, though merely the termination of the raphe, affords a less certain character, for in many plants it is hardly visible on the inner surface of the testa, but is intimately united with the areola of insertion of the inner membrane or of the nucleus, to one or other of which it then seems entirely to belong. In those cases

d by its vascularity.** But the most remarkable deviation from the usual structure and economy of the outer membrane of the ovulum, both in its earliest stage and in the ripe fruit, that I have yet met with, occurs in Banksia and Dryandra. In these two genera I have ascertained that the inner membrane of the ovulum, before fecundation, is entirely exposed,

n Society Transact

tnote.

d. For in many cases, before impregnation, its perforated apex projects beyond the aperture of the testa, and in some plants puts on the appearance of an obtuse, or even dilated stigma; whi

t is never, I believe, separable, and at that period is very rarely visible. In the ripe seed it is indistinguishable from the

. But in a few plants an additional coat, apparently originating in the inner

n the ripe seed both the embryo and albumen, where the latter continues to exist. In such cases, however, its proper membrane is commonly obliterated

ipe seed a proper coat for the embryo, the original attachment of whose radicle to the apex of this coat may also continue. This, at least, seems to me the most probable explanation of the structu

der Pflanzen page 19

haeaceae, the sacculus contains along with the embryo a (pulpy or semi-fluid) substance, which I then called Vitellus, applying at that time this name to every body interposed between the albumen and embryo.* The opinion receives some confirmation also from the existen

r. Flor. Nov. Ho

e and Saururus; and other instances occur of the persistence either

take place within the nucleus: and that the albumen, properly so called, may be formed either by a deposition or secretion of granular matter in the utriculi of the amnios, or in those

I shall at present make but one other remark, which form

HE FEMALE FLOWER IN C

nto contact with that part of the parietes of the ovarium, by which the influence of the pollen may be supposed to be communicated. In several of those families of plants, however, in which the nucleus is not inverted, and the placentae are polyspermous, as Cistineae,* it is difficult to comprehend in wha

us, Helianthemum, Hudsonia and Lechea) I communicated to Dr. Hooker, by whom it is noticed in his Flora Scotica (page 284) published in 1

was either altogether wanting, or so imperfectly formed, that the ovulum itself became directly exposed to the action of the pollen, o

structure of Cycadeae, of Coniferae, of Ephedra, and

x of the nucleus, or supposed point of impregnation, has no organic connexion with the parietes of the ovarium. In support of it, also, as

semblance, in every essential point, being established, between the inner body in the supposed female flower in these tribes, and the nucleus of the ovulum in ordinary structures; not only in the early stage, but also in the whole series of changes consequent to fecundation. Now as

in most cases; its occasional projection beyond the orifice of the outer coat; its cohesion with that coat by a considerable portion of its surface, and the not unfrequent division o

n Cycadeae, and in the principal part of Coniferae, of the supposed ovulum which consists of a nucleus and one coat only, compared with the organ as generally existing whe

y, with great probability, be regarded as coats of the nucleus; while in Podocarpus and Dacrydium, the outer cupula, as I formerly termed it,* may also, perhaps, be viewed as the testa of the ovulum. To this view, as far as relates to Dacrydium, the longitudinal

nders Voyage vo

te. Id. l

ems even to be the natural structure, may also, perhaps, be supposed to form an objec

still liable, seem to me, as far as I am aware of them, much less important than those that may be b

emale flower of Cycadeae and Coniferae is a monosp

tself was long considered by many b

opinion of its structure really was. I am inclined, however, to believe it to have been much nearer the truth than is generally supposed; judging of i

elect. in Ord.

s, is given, in 1767, by Trew, who describes them in the following manner: "Singula semina vel potius germina stigmati tanquam organo feminino gaudent,"

ad. Nat. Curios. 3 page

ests, as not improbable, a very different view, founded on the supposed analogy with Araucaria, whose structure was then misunderstood; namely, that the inner scale of the female amentum is a bilocular ovar

. Gen. Pl.

Rees Cyclop

bes, and very distinctly figures, the female flower of Pinus, exactly

n. Handb. 3 page

account of structure is given, in no important particular different from that o

an Society Transa

th M. Schoubert,** he proposed a very different view of the structure of Cycadeae and Coniferae, stating, that in their female flowers

u Mus. d'Hist. Nat

lletin des Sc. tome 3

t on reconsidering the subject, in connexion with what I had ascertained respecting the vegetable ovulum, I soon after altogether

Flinders V

e 454 et Linnean Society Tran

heir structure somewhat different from that of M. Mirbel, whose cupula is, according to him, the perianthium, more or less cohering with the included pistillum. He was probably led to this view, on ascertaining, which I had also done, tha

d' Hist. Nat. tome 4 page

Class. d'Hist. Na

e first of these arises from the perforation of the pistillum, and the exposure of that point of the ovulum where the embryo is formed to the direct action of the pollen;

but the second acquires such additional weight, as to render those opinions muc

n an ovarium of reduced functions and altered appearance, or on a rachis or receptacle. In other words, in employing the language of an hypothesis, which, with some alterations, I have elsewhere attemp

Society Transactions

first place, to Cycas, in which the female spadix bears so striking a resemblance to a partially altered frond or leaf, producing m

lled, namely, of Agathis or Dammara, Cunninghamia, Pinus, and even Araucaria, the transition is not difficult. This view is applicable, though less manifestly, also to Cupre

s plants, and in this difference exhibit some analogy to the structure of the female flower. But in Cycadeae, at least, and especially in Zamia, the resemblance between the male and female spadices is so great, that if the fem

thera; and also from their approximation in definite numbers, generally in fours, analogous to the quaternary union of the grains of pollen, not unfrequent in the antherae of several other families of plants. The great size of the supposed grains of pollen, with the thickening and regular bursting of their membrane, may be said to be circumstances obviously connected with their production and persistence on the surface of an anthera, distant from the female flower; and with this economy, a corresponding enlargement of the contained particles or fovilla might also be expected. On examining these particles, however, I find them not only equal in size to the grains of pollen of many antherae, but, being elliptical and marked on one side with a longitudinal furrow, they have that form which is one of the most common in the simple pollen of phaenogamous plants. To s

'Acad. des Scien. de

each enclosed in its proper membrane, would derive its only support from a few remote analogies: as from those antherae, whose loculi are s

grains, or masses, as unilocular antherae, each of which constitute

Class. d'Hist. Nat

Phyllocladus, it nearly resembles the more general form of the antherae in other Phaenogamous plants. But the difficulty occurs in those genera which have an increased number of lobes on each squama, as Agathis and Araucaria, where their number is considerable and apparently indefinite, and more particularly still in Cunninghamia, or Belis,* in which the lobes, though only three in number, agree in this respect, as well as in

jected to Mr. Salisbury's Belis as liable to be confounded with Bellis, the genus might be named Cunninghamia, to commemorate the merits of Mr. James Cunningham, an excellent observer in his time, by whom this plant was discovered;

ae, I consider the least satisfactory, both in regard to the immediate question of the existence of an anomalous ovarium in

ccount, however, of the genus of plants to which it is annexed, I had to describe a structure, of whose nature and importance it was necessary I should show myself aware;

END

HIS SURVEY OF THE COASTS OF AUSTRALIA, AND BY ROBERT BROWN, ESQUIRE, ON TH

Y FITTON, M.D.,

GICAL SOCIETY OF LONDO

t, examined by Captain King, having been previously visited by the French voyagers, under Captain Baudin, I was desirous of obtaining such information as could be derived from the specimens collected during that expedition, and now remaining at Paris; although I was aware that the premature death of the principal mineralogist, and other unfavourable circumstances, had probably diminished their value:* But the collection from New Holland, at the school of Mines, with a list of which I have been favoured through the kindness of Mr. Brochant de Villiers, relates principa

his manuscripts were preserved. M. Peron, the zoologist, after publishing, in 1807, the first volume of the account of

801, 1802, and 1803, by Matthew Flinders, Commander of the Inv

ycinet 1816. A third volume of this work, under the title of Navigation et Geographie, was published by Capt. Freycinet in 1815. It contains a brief and clear account of th

ng, with a summary of the geological information derived from the specimens. But I have thought it necessary to subjoin a more detailed list of the specimens themselves; on account of the great distance from each other of many of the places where they were found, and of the general interest attached to the p

ave been published by the

KETCH OF

from the sea, in the front of this range, are of considerable elevation: Mount Dryander, on the promontory which terminates in Cape Gloucester, being more than four thousand five hundred feet high. Mount Eliot, with a peaked summit, a little to the south of Cape Cleveland, is visible at twenty-five leagues distance; and Mount Hinchinbrook, immediately upon the shore, south of Rockingham Bay, is more than two thousand feet high. From the south of Cape Grafton to Cape Tribulation, precipitous hills, bordered by low land, form the coast; but the latter Cape itself consists of a lofty group, with several peaks, the highest of which is visible from the sea at twenty leagues. The h

ss Charlotte's Bay (about latitude 14 degrees 30 mi

utes) off Cape York, have also

on the north of Cape Melville is thrown back to the west; so that the high land about that Cape stands out like a should

or five hundred feet high, and the islands o

, not having been explored, it is still probable that r

, on the north-west of the rocky mass which forms Cape Melville. And rocks of the trap formation have been obtained in three detached points among the islands off the shore; in the Percy Isles

following account has been deduced from the voyage and charts of the former, combined with the specimens collecte

t of the coast is higher than a ship's masthead.* Some of the land in Wellesley islands is higher than the main; but the largest island is, probably, not more than one hundred and fifty feet in height;** and low-wooded hills occur on th

Flinders Cha

Flinders Volu

bout a foot above the general surface, without any distinct ramifications. The specimens from this place have evidently the structure of stalactites, which seem to have been formed in sand; a

r part of the hills of a reddish sandstone; some of the specimens of which are identical with that which occurs at Goulburn and Sims Islands on the north coast, and is very widely distributed on the north-west. The shore at the bottom of Melville Bay is stated by Captain Flinders to consist of low cliffs of p

st of Groote Eylandt, is composed of clink-stone; and other roc

of Caledon Bay, seems likewise to consist of that rock, as does also Melville Island. This part of the coast has afforded the ferruginous oxide of manganese: and brown hematite is found hereabouts in considerable quantity, on the shore at the base of the cliffs; forming the

Philosophical Journa

he north-western entrance of the Gulf of Carpentaria, the appearance of which is so remarkable as to have attracted the attention of Captain Flinders,* have the same g

me 2 page 158.

w rivers yet discovered in this part of Australia, a tortuous and shallow stream, named Liverpool River, which has been traced inland to about forty miles from the coast, through a country not more than three feet in general elevation above high-water mark; the banks being low and muddy, and thickly wooded: And this description is applicable also t

land. On the west of these islands the coast is more broken, and the outline is irregular: but the elevation is inconsiderable; the general height

ckburn, and several of the hills adjacent to Cambridge Gulf, the names given to which during the progress of the survey sufficiently indicate their form, as House-roofed, Bastion, Flat-top, and Square-top Hills; Mount Casuarina, about forty miles north-west of Cambridge Gulf; a hill near Cape Voltaire; Steep-Head, Port Warrender; and several of the islands off that port, York Sound, and Prince

ese cases, the shape of the hill is really that of a roof, or hayrick;

s, East longitude 125 degrees 50 minutes) has some resemblance to one of the views in Peron's Atlas (plate 6 figure 7): and the outline of the Iles

GULF, LOOKING SOUTHWARD FROM THE

oltaire, Condillac Island, and East end of Cassini Island (Peron's Atlas, plate 6

END OF CASSINI ISLAND. Left to right: Peak upon Cape Voltaire and Condilla

AST OF PRINCE-REGENT'S RIVER. Left to r

; at Point Annesley and Point Coombe in Mountnorris Bay; in the land about Cape Van Diemen, and on the north-west of Bathurst Island. The cliffs on Roe's River (Prince Frederic's Harbour) as might have been expected from the specimens, are described as of

. Freycine

tle known, and in a situation so remote from any other English settlement, affords an opportunity of collecting objects of natural history, and of illustrating various points of great interest to physical geography and meteorology, which it is to be hoped will not be neglected. And as a very instructive collec

e. See he

istance of more than six hundred miles. Cambridge Gulf, which is nothing more than a swampy arm of the sea, extends to about eighty miles inland, in a southern direction: and all the specimens from its vicinity precisely resemble the older sandstones of the confines of England and Wales.* The View (volume 1 plate) represents in the distance Mount Coc

Western Coal District of England. Geological Transactions Second Series volume 1. Captain King's specimens from Lacrosse Island

nsidered as ranging from north-east to south-west,* the coast is remarkably indented, and the adjoining sea irregularly studded with very numerous islands. The specimens from this

t shows the general range of the shore,

tz-rock, were noticed on the eastern side of the entrance. An unpublished sketch, by Captain King, shows that the banks of Hunter's River, one of the branches of York Sound, at seven or eight miles from its

te. Narr

hich are lofty and abrupt, is precisely the same with that of the rivers falling into York Sound; and the level of the country does not appear to be higher in the interior than near the coast. The banks are from two to four hundred feet in height, and consist of close-grained siliceous sandstone, of a reddish hue;* and the view (Plate above) shows that the beds are nearly horizontal, and very regularly

. Narrativ

great interest in the physical geography of New Holland. The space thus left to be explored, from the Champagny Isles to Cape Leveque, corresponds to more than one hundred miles in a direct line; within which extent nothing but islands and detached portions of land have

omb being of a deep red: but on the south of the high ground near that Point, the rugged stony cliffs are succeeded by a long tract, which to the French voyagers (for it was not examined by Captain King) appeared to consist of low and

the adjoining continent was of the same materials.* It is not improbable, however, that this term was applied to columns belonging to the trap formation, since no burning mountain has been any where observed on the coast of New Holland: nor do the d

Peron volume

has not been explored. From thence to the bottom of Exmouth Gulf, more than one hundred and fifty miles, the coast is low and sandy, and does not exhibit any prominences. The west coast of Exmouth Gulf itself is formed by a promon

onal calcareous rock of very recent formation, similar to what is found on the shore in several other parts of New Holland, especially in the neighbourhood of King George's Sound; and which is abundant also on the coast of the West Indian Islands, and of the Mediterranean. Captain King's specimens of this production are from Dirk H

igh, rocky and reddish cliffs have been seen indistinctly about latitude 27 degrees; and a coast of the same aspect has been surveyed, from Red Point, about latitude 28 degrees, for more than eighty mile

ure of the remains of recent shells, in considerable variety. The islands of this part of the shore have been described by MM. Peron and Freycinet;* and the coast to

eron volume 2

about twenty leagues from its mouth; and found still to contain salt water. The rock in its neighbourhood consisted altogether of sandy and calcareous incrustation

lume 1 page 179. Fre

said to be stratified.* The same rock also occurs, among Captain King's specimens, from Bald-head in King George's Sound; but nearly on the summit of that hill, which is about five hundred feet high, were Found the ramified

Peron volume

eycinet 105. Flinders 1 63. See the detailed descripti

a, which were surveyed by Captain Flinders, are described in the accoun

ICAL R

cur in the collections of Captain K

Island; Round Hill, near C. Grindall; Mount Caledon; Island

s Slat

te: Mall

e: Endeav

glis' I., Clac

soo's Island; Halfway Ba

vour River; Montagu So

on ?; Port Warren

dd's Bay; Islands of the north and north-west coast

le Bay; Goulburn

THE TRAP

ort Macquarie

e: Rod

y: C. C

erate: C. Clinton,

ercy I., Repulse B

art Bay, Bat I., Ca

Morgan's I.,

y: Port Warrender; Half-wa

?: Bat

coast. Dirk Hartog's and Rottnest Islands, etc

ofessor Buckland of some specimens collected during Mr. Oxley's Expedition to the River Macquarie,* in 1818; and a brief outline of a paper by the Reverend Archdeacon Scott, entitled A Sketch

mountain limestone or England: Interior of New Holland, near the e

ast of New Holland; Van Die

(Red-Marl) afforded by the occurrence

Diemen's L

ical Transactions

Since this paper has been at the press, a Report presented to the Academy of Sciences at Paris, on the Voyage of Discovery of M. Duperrey, performed during the years 1822 to 1

artziferes, et les pegmatites (granites graphiques) qui cunstituent le second plan des Muntagnes-Bleues. 2. Les gres ferrugineux, et renfermant d'abondantes paillettes de fer oligiste, qui couvrent non seulement une vaste etendue de pays pres des cotes, mais encore le premier p

iaires coquilliers, formes du grauwacke-schistoide, et de pierre calcaire. 3. Des terrains tres-recens, composes d'argile sablonneuse et ferrugineuse, avec geodes de fer hydrate, et du bois fossile, a d

trance of Prince Regent's River, resemble those of the Tyrol, both in their characters and association. The Epidote of Port Warrender and Careening Bay, affords an additional proof of the general distribution of that mineral; which, though perhaps it may not constitute large masses, seems to be of more frequent occurrence as a component of rocks than has hitherto been supposed.* The mineral itself, both crystallized and compact, the latter in the form of veins traversing sienitic rocks, occurs, in Mr. Greenough's cabinet alone, from Malvern, North Wales, Ireland, France, and Upper Saxony. Mr. Koenig has foun

veland's Mineralogy

t of Jersey quarto Southam

re. Those from the east coast, where the rocks are primitive, representing strongly marked and irregular outlines of lofty mountains, and frequently, in the nearer ground, masses of strata highly inclined. The outli

existing animals are so different from those of other parts of the globe. It is remarkable, also, that no limestone is among the specimens from the northern and western shores, except that of the recent breccia; and although negative conclusions are

own's specimens it appears to occur also on the shores of the Gulf of Carpentaria. The full account which M. Peron has given of this formation, sufficiently shows its resemblance to the very recent limestone, full of marine shells, which abounds on the shores of the Mediterranean, the West India Islands, and in several other parts of the world: And it is a point of the greatest interest in geology, to

age 2 page 168,

ne of the most remarkable features of that rock.**** A calcareous compound, apparently of the same kind, has been recently mentioned, as of daily production in Anastasia Island, on the coast of East Florida;***** and will probably be found to be of very general occurrence in that quarter of the globe. And Captain Beaufort's account of the process by which the gravelly beach is cemented into stone, at Selinti, and several other places on the coast of Karamania, on the north-east of the Mediterranean,****** accords with M. Peron's description of the progress from the loose and moveable sands of the dunes to solid masses of rock.******* In the island of Rhodes, also, there are hills of pudding-stone, of the same character, considerably elevated a

ical Transactions

ean Transactions

al Transactions 2nd Se

Philosophical Transact

lletin des Science

an old watercourse had actually crept upwards to a height of nearly three feet; and the rapidity of the deposition was such that some specimens were collected on the grass, where the stony crust was already formed, although the ve

otnote. Vo

ntery limestone, united by a cement, composed of minute grains of quartzose-sand disseminated in a calcareous paste, resembling precisely that of the breccia of Dirk Hartog's Island: and a compound of this kind, replete with shells, not far, if at all, different from existing species, fills up the hollows in most of the older rocks of Sicily; and is described as occurring, in several places, at very considerable heights above the sea. Thus, near Palermo, it constitutes hills some hundr

ophical Journal 1825 pages 1

nts of shells from Bermuda, described by Captain Vetch, and already referred to:* and th

ens are in the Museum of

r approach to those of the adjoining sea at the present day, are particularly mentioned; and it is inferred that the date of the deposit which affords them, is anterior to that of the conglomerate containing the bones of extinct quadrupeds, likewise found in that country. M. Brongniart also, who examined the place himself, menti

ost manuscripts.

urgh volume 8 1818 page 427 etc. See also the previous

Cuvier Ossemens Fossiles;

actory account of them is still a desideratum in the geology of England. When, also, our imperfect acquaintance with the travertino of Italy, and other very modern limestones containing freshwater shells, is considered,** the continual deposition of which, at the present time, cannot be questioned (though probably the greater part of the masses which consist of them may belong to an era preceding the actual con

ns of unknown animals are buried together with the shells in the crag of Suffolk; but does not mention the nature of these remains. Since these pages have been at the press, Mr. Warburton, by whom the coast of Ess

at the bottom of lakes in Scotland, have been read before the Geological Society by Mr. Lyell, and wi

of these shells to their actual place (if not that of the rock in which they are agglutinated) must be referred to some other agency: while the perfect preservation of the shells, their great quantity, and the abundance of the same species in the same places, make it more probable that they lay originally in the situations where we now find them, than that they have been transported from any considerable distances, or elevated by any very turbulent operation. Captain de Freycinet, indeed, mentions that pa

h feed on their inhabitants. At Madeira, where recent shells are found near the coast at a considerable h

north to south. For it is stated upon the clearest evidence, that after formidable shocks of earthquake, repeated with little interruption during the whole night of the 19th of November (and the shocks were continued afterwards, at intervals, for several months) IT APPEARED, on the morning of the 20th, THAT THE WHOLE LINE OF COAST FROM NORTH TO SOUTH, TO A DISTANCE OF ABOUT ONE HUNDRED MILES, HAD BEEN RAISED ABOVE ITS FORMER LEVEL. The alteration of level at Valparaiso was about three feet; and some rocks were thus newly exposed, on which the fishermen collected the scallop-shell fish, which was not known to exist there before the earthquake. At Quintero the elevation was about four feet. "When I went," the narrator adds, "to examine the coast, although it was high-water, I found the ancient bed of the sea laid bare, and dry, with beds of oysters, mussels, and other shells adhering to the rocks on which they grew, the fish being all dead, and exhaling most offensive effluvia. And I found good reason to believe that the coast had been raised by earthquakes at former periods in a similar manner; several ancient lines of beach, con

oyage etc. volume 2

ransactions Second Series

trated by a valuable paper in the Journal of the Royal Institution for April 1824 volume 17 page 38 etc.) The writer of this latter article asserts that the whole country, from the foot of the Andes to far out at sea, was raised by the

itudes. Dr. Paris has given an account of a modern formation of sandstone on the northern coast of Cornwall;** where a large surface is covered with a calcareous sand, that becomes agglutinated into a stone, which he considers as analogous to the rocks of Guadaloupe; and of which the specimens that I have seen, resemble those presented by Captain Beaufort to the Geological Society, from the shore at Rhodes. Dr. Paris ascribes this concretion, not to the agency of the sea, nor to an excess of carbonic acid, but to the solution of carbonate of lime itself in water, and subsequent percolation through calcareous sand; the great hardness of the stone arising from the very sparing solubility of this carbonate, and the consequently very gra

ron Voyage etc

the Geological Society of C

stance, etc. Quarterly Journal Royal Instit

agments exist, the unequal diffusion of components at first uniformly mixed, and even the formation of nodules differing in proportions from the paste which surrounds them, may perhaps admit of explanation, by some process analogous to what takes place in the preparation of the compound of which the ordinary earthenware is manufactured; where, though the ingredients are divided by mechanical attrition only, a sort of chemical action produces, under certain circumstances, a n

and immediate, or if the ingredients are left to act on each other, even for twenty-four hours, the flinty particles unite into sandy grains, and the mass becomes unfit for the purposes of the manufacturer. I am indebted for this interesting fact, which, I believe, is well known in some of the pot

tic inferences, from the slight geological information hitherto obtained respecting this great island, are very likely to be deceitful; but amon

ls, and of islands, in the vicinity of each other, but did not recollect another instance of such a likeness in the arrangement of clusters of islands."* The appearances which called for this observation, from a voyager of so much sagacity and experience in physical geography,

in de Freycinet to the principal divisions of the globe. Voyage

A IN FRENCH L

3: PROP

2,200,0

: 2,100,

1,560,0

: 501,8

a : 384,

rior has never yet been examined in any other quarter) are not above 500 miles, in a direct line from the sea; the av

246; and Charts, Plates 14 a

nd (3) on the south-west of Mallison's Island, to Bromby's Isles (7) is more than fifty miles, in a direction nearly from south-west to north-east. The English Company's Islands (2, 2, 2, 2) at a distance of about four miles, are of equal extent; and the general trending of them all, Captain Flinders sta

SLANDS ON THE NORTH-WE

they present steep cliffs; and the same conformation, he adds, seemed to prevail in the other islands.* If this structure occurred only in one or two instances, it might be considered as accidental; but as it

linders Volum

have nearly the same direction; the first line being about one hundred and eighty geographical miles, the second more than three hundred, and the last more than four hundred miles, in length.* And these lines, though broken by numerous irregularities, especially on the north-west coast, are yet sufficiently distinct to indicate a probable connexion with the geological structure of the country; since the coincidence of similar ranges of coast with the direction of the stra

West of the adjoining island of Rottee, about 300 miles. But, unfortunately for the hypothesis, a chain of islands immediately on the north of Timor, is continued nearly in a right line for more than 1200 miles (from Sermatta Island to the south-eastern extremity of Java) in a direction FROM EAST TO WEST. This chain, however, contains several volcanoes, including those of Sumbawa,

and Sardinia, for a space of more than two hundred geographical miles being nearly rectilinear, in a direction from north to south; and, Captain Smyth has informed me, consisting almost entirely of granite, or, at l

Carpentaria to Limmen's Bight, from Cape Arnhem to Cape Croker, and from Cape Domett to Cape Londonderry--have a

specimens from the north-east coast show that granite is found in so many places along this line as to make it probable that primitive rocks may form the general basis of the country in that quarter; since a lofty chain of mountains is continued on the south of Cape Tribulation, not far from the shore, throughout a space of more than five hundred miles. It would carry this hypothesis too far to infer that these primitive ranges are connected with the mountains on the west of the English settlements

nals of Philos

western coast, from the south of the islands which enclose Shark's Bay, latitude 26 degrees, to North-west Cape, about latitude 22 degrees. From Cape Hamelin, latitude 34 degrees 12 minutes, to Cape Naturaliste, latitude 33 degrees 26 minutes, the coast runs nearly on the meridian. The two great fissures of the south coast, Spencer's, and St. Vincent's Gulfs, as well as the great northern chasm of the Gulf of Carpentaria, have a

t coast of Ireland to the Adriatic, or double the distance between the Baltic and the Mediterranean. If, however, future researches should confirm the indications above mentioned, a new case will be supplied in support of the principle long since advanced by Mr. Michell,** which appears (whatever theory be formed to explain it) to be established by geological observation in so many other parts of the world, that the outcrop of the inc

s great island into two, accords with this hypothesis of mountain ranges: but the distance between these recesses, over the land at the nearest points, is not less than a thousand English miles. The granite, on the

uakes. Philosophical Transactions 1

LIST OF S

ety, and of Mr. Greenough; and with a collection from part of the confines of the primitive tracts of England and North Wales, formed by Mr. Arthur Aikin, and now in

fine grain, resembling that which in England occurs in the coal formation, and beneath it (mill-stone grit). A sienitic compound, consis

ed of the Hastings River, of common serpentine, and of botryoidal magnesite, from veins in serpentine. The mag

rtz and common felspar, and some fragments of what appears to be compact epidote; very nearly resembling specimens from the trap rocks* of t

pal geological relations; and the origin of which very numerous phenomena concur in referring to some modification of volcanic agency. The term Greenstone also is of very loose application, and includes rocks that exhibit a wide range of characters; the predominan

near Edinburgh, and of Saxony. Coarse porphyritic conglomerate, of a reddish hue. Serpentine. A trap-like compound, with somewhat the aspect of serpentine, but yielding with difficulty to the knife. This specimen has, at first sight, the appearance of a conglomerate, made up of portions of different hues, purpli

rcy Islands. Indistinct specimens, apparently consisting of decomposed compact felspar.

brown mica; "from the summit of the hill." Reddish granite, of very fine grain; with the aspect of sand

Cleveland. Close-grained grey and yellowish-grey granite, with brown mi

several varieties; from a peaked hill under Mount Cook and its vicinity. Granular quartz

r River. Grey granite, consisting of brown and white mica, q

ertain beds of the old red sandstone, where it graduates into grey wacke. This specimen was taken from a horizontal bed about ten feet in thickness, reposing upon

s west of north from Cape Melville. Compact felspar, of a flesh-red co

s, in Mr. Brown's collection from this place, consist of coarse-slaty porphyritic conglomerate, with a base of greenish-grey compac

tzose sand, and fine gravel, cemented by reddish carbonate of lime; apparently of the same nature with the stem-like c

-iron-ore ?) sometimes unmixed, but not unfrequently mingled with a sandy calcareous stone; and

mpound, like sandstone recomposed from the debris o

breccia and pudding-stone, which consist of a sandy calcareous cement, includi

ous matter; which, in some places, is in the state of brown hematite. Calcareous incrustatio

from this place, however, consist of grey splintery hornstone, with traces of a slaty structure; and of yellowish-

e grain; and a coarse reddish compound, consisting almost exclusively of worn pebbles of quartz, some of which are more than half an inch in diameter

re of the same materials as Groote Eylandt: and sandsto

e north of latitude 14 degrees, Mr. Brown observed the common san

nglomerate of a dull purplish colour, including pebbles of granular quartz and a fragment of a slaty rock like potstone: the hue and aspect of the compound being precisely those of

of sandstone. The specimens of the rocks in its vicinity are, dark grey granite, somewhat approaching to gneiss, with a few specks of gar

e, with dark brown mica in small quantity; and on the sides and top of the h

is also composed of granite, in

tryoidal mass of ferruginous oxide of manganese, approaching to he

islands and bays on this part of the co

, dark brown mica, and a little quartz; containing minute dissemina

by Captain Flinders. (See the Map, figure 3.) Friable conglomerate, of a full brick-red

ue, with mica disseminated on the surfaces of the joints; and one face of the specimen is incrusted with quartz crystals, thinly coated with botryoidal hematite. Light grey quartzose sandstone of a fine grain, with a thin coating of brown hematite, was also found in this island: And a breccia,

d of flat beds, of a slaty argillaceous rock, which breaks into rhomboidal fragments; but the specimen

quartzose sandstone; identical with that of Mallison's Island, and very close

OBASSOO's Isles, were found by Mr. Brown to consist, in a great measure

light flesh-red colour, and apparently composed of the debris of granite. A crystalline rock, consisting of greenish-grey hornblende, with a very smal

r part, of a grit, or sandstone, of a close texture; the lower part being argillaceous, and stratified, and separatin

ly the mill-stone grit beneath the coal formation. Fine greyish-white pipe-clay; of which about thirty feet in thickness were visible, apparently above the sandstone last mentioned. Coarse-grained, ferruginous sandstone, containing fragments of

arrative 1) is composed of a reddish conglomerate, near

Goulburn's Island; the upper part being red, the lower white and composed of pipe-clay. The western extremity o

gillaceous fissile sandstone, of purplish and greenish hues, in patches, or occasionally intermixed; precisely resembling the rock of Brecon, in South Wales, and, generally, the old red sandstone of the vicinity of Bristol and the

lf are from ADOLPHUS ISLAND, and consist of red

dge Gulf. Reddish quartzose sandstone, or quartz-rock. Indistinct spec

parently from veins, or nests, but unaccompanied by any portion of the adjacent rock. The structure in one of these specimens approaches to the amygdaloidal. A compact greenish ston

he summit of the head is flat and tabular, and the rocks in the vicinity are described by Captain King as consisting

The specimens resemble generally the epidote of Dauphiny and Siberia; but Mr. Levy, who has been so good as to examine them, informs me that the crystals

escribed (volume 1) as consisting of quartzose sandstone; as is also KATER ISLAND, in Montagu Sound

ll, in Worcestershire. Fine-grained quartzose sandstone, of a purplish hue, resembling a rock on the banks of the Severn, near Bridgenorth

e; like that of the coal formation, and some varieties of millstone grit. Fine-grained, reddish-grey qu

e 1) runs between precipitous banks of sandstone, in nearly hor

forming a sort of amygdaloid. Conglomerate, containing angular fragments of yellowish-grey quartz-rock, in a base of compact epidote. A nearly uniform greenish compound of epidote intimately mixed with quartz, also occurs at this place. Flat lamellar cha

l with those of Port Warrender; from which pla

, containing disseminated hematitic iron-ore and copper pyrites. Quartz crystals, with chalcedony, from nodules in amygdaloid. Quartz with specular iron ore.

. Reddish, coarsely granular, siliceous sandstone; in horiz

. Narrativ

at of Pobassoo's Island, on the north-west of the Gulf of Carpentaria (see above). Calcedony, apparently from nodules in amygdaloid. Gr

he Tyrol, which I have seen in the collection of Mr. Herschel; and which consist of reddish jasper wit

aces of stratification on the decomposed surface, which is of a dull reddish hue. Bright red ferruginous granular quartz (Eisen-kiesel ?) with a glistening lustre, and a somewhat porous texture. A specimen of the soil of the hills at Cygnet Bay, consists of very fine reddish-yellow quartzose sand. A large

ot having been examined by him--are from MALUS ISLAND, in Dampier's Archipelago (see Narrative volume 1)

of a breccia; the angles of the imbedded fragments, which are from half an inch to two inches in diameter, being very distinct--but in other parts, the fracture exhibits the appearance of roundish nodules, composed of concentri

e islands that were examined by the French voyagers: Le sable du rivage (de l'ile Bernier) est quartzeux, mele d'une grande proportion de debris calcaires fortement attenues. La substance de l'ile meme se compose, dans ses couches inferieures, d'un gres calcaire coquillier,

ands rapports avec l'espece de Natice qui se trouve vivante au pied de ces rochers. Elles sont sans doute petrifiees depuis bien des siecles, car, outre qu'il est tres difficile

s les briser eux memes. Tous ces galets affectent la forme globlueuse, et se composent d'un grand nombre de zones concentriques, qui se developpent autour d'un noyau central d'un gres scintillant et brunatre. Ces diverses couches ont a peine quelques millimitres d'epaisseur, et affectent des nuances agreables, qui varient depuis le rouge-fonce jusqu'au jaune-clair. La disposition

erence of these rocks seems to arise from the nature of the cemented substances; which, in the Guadaloupe stone, being themselves calcareous, are incorporated, or melted as it were, into the cement, by insensible gradation;* while the

per. Philosophical Transactions

ings in this part of the coast bring up a very fine

imens containing numerous fragments of shells, in a calcareous cement; the substance of these shel

s of several species, belonging among others to the genera, corbula, chama, cardium, porcellanea, turbo, cerithium. M. Prevost, to whom I am indebted for this account, observes that notwithstanding the recent appeara

same nature with that of Dirk Hartog's Island; consisting of particles of translucent quartzose sand, united by a cement of yellowish or cream-coloured carbonate of lime, which has a flat conchoidal and splintery fract

above the sea, at Bald-head, on the South Coast of Australia. These specimens, however, do not really exhibit any traces of organic structure; and so nearly resemble the irregular stalactitical concretions produced by the passage of calcareous or ferruginous solutions through sand* that they are probably of the same origin; indeed the central cavity of the stalactite still remains open in some of the specimens of this kind from Sweer's Island in the Gulf of Carpentaria. The specimens from Madeira, presented to the Geological Society by Mr. Bowdich, and described in his notes on that island,**

ramifying through sand, like the roots of trees, are described by C

825 page 139, 140; and Bull. des Sci

gical Transactions

ote. Peron

COLLECTING GEOL

ns, that the following directions may perhaps be useful to some of those, into whose hands these pages are likely to fall. It will be sufficient to premise, that two of the principal objects of geolo

m loose pieces, but from large masses in their native place,

considerable distance from the surface. Petrifactions, however, are often best distinguishable in masses somewhat decomposed;

enient size is about three inches square, and abou

examine rocks in their native places, from the average of an extensive surface: a collection ought therefore to furnish specimens of the most characteristic varieties; and THE MOST

e or less inclined; and in this case, if any of them be inaccessible at a particular point, the decline of the strata will frequently enable the collector to supply himself with the specimens he wishes for, within a short distance. Thus, in Sketch 4, which may b

DS, THOUGH INACCESSIBLE AT THE TOP, MAY BE EXAMINED WIT

of sand, gravel, etc., and by the vegetation of the surface. But the strata are commonly disclosed in the sides of ravines, in the beds of rivers and m

generally the most marked characters of the strata in which they occur. These should, therefore, be particularly sought after, and their relative abundance or rarity in different situations noticed. The petrified bodies should, if possible, be kept united with portions of

more ancient of these loose materials, found on the sides or summits of hills, etc., should be distinguished from the recent mud, sand, and gravel, brought down by land-floods, or rivers. The bones and

if possible, to accompany every specimen, a sh

in large shapeless m

f the beds? [If these cannot be measured, an estimate should always be recorded, while the objects are in view

n sight, of uniform composition? or doe

is the order in which they are pl

ith the specimens immediately, on the spot where they are found. This injunction may appear to be superfluous; but so much valuable information has been lost to geol

dum. If numbers, denoting the situation of the specimens collected, be marked upon such sketches, much time may be saved at the moment of collecting. But in all

on: for which purpose, if strong paper cannot be obtained, dry moss, or straw, or leaves, may be used with advantag

not a striking appearance, or the rocks within his view a very interesting character; since it frequently, and even commonly, happens, that facts and specimens,

will vary, according to the acquirements and specif

for general purposes, may be

FOR COLLECTING GE

the handle oval, a very little wider on the outer side than within; its diameters, about 1 inch vertically, and 0.7 across; the centre somewhat more than 1 1/2 inch from the face. The handle should be of ash, or other tough wood; not less than

orm of the head, recommended for this purpose by Dr. MacCulloch,* is rect

cal Hammers, Quarterly Journal Royal I

MER FOR TRIMMING GE

e always some hammers, of d

out, and splitting portions of slaty rock

he form here represented, will often save the hand of an in

ALL STONE-CU

. Sealing-wax. Writing-paper, cut into labels. Thi

nient for subdivision and arrangement. For the protection of crystals, or delicate petrifactions, etc., wool or cotton are necessary; and s

or useful in various degrees, for

oks, of sufficient s

ket C

ape, of fifty

lesc

era L

of C

aves time, it is best to mark, or even colour the map, in the field. Notes inserted on imperfect map

ut, unfortunately, barometers of every construction are very easily damaged or deranged. The accurate determination of

a Pocket Sextant, or small Theodolite, is applicable: the measurem

S OF AP

KETCH OF

ICAL R

st of

tical with th

t of the

ng Diluvial deposits: no Specim

calcareo

of the Co

LIST OF S

COLLECTING GEOL

END

LANGUAGES OF THE NATIVES,

1: ENGL

GULF OF CARPENTARIA.

ORTH-EAST COAST. PARTLY FROM

GE THE THIRD'S SOUN

5: PORT

H BURRAH TRIBE.

STONE CREEK. F

MACQUARIE. FR

ARIE HARBOUR, V

Mi, or Me, Mego : Miki-laja

er, Bon-joo (Cook) : Tarmul, Moil (Flinde

(Cook) : Tar : Will

rlock : Era, or Da-ra : Yerr

Darlin, or Thalil : Tal-la

- : Ny-a-luck : Yar

- : - : Wal-lo

Melea (Cook) : Duong : Co-roo, Goray, or Ben

Kewarra, Dewarra, or Gewarroo : Mundar :

: - : Ganga, Cadlear, or Cadleang :

(Forster) : - : Nabung : -

Cop-bull, or Kopul : Barrong, or Be

r Acol : Wor-nuck : Tarrang : -

: Tam-mir-ra : Mor

ingular), Maih (plural) : Ber-ril-le :

: Ye-er-we : - : O-nur :

Forster) : Wa'l-la-kah : Bo-o

(Forster) : - : Dar-ra :

(feet) : Ja-an, or Bangul : Ma

Kea (singular) Kean (plural) :

ter) : Djaat : Goona, Coing, or Con-do-in : Bun

oorai (Forster) : - : Ba-do

-bah : - : Keba : W

gar-ray, Wal-li-bah, Wal-lar-roo, Bou-rou, Barro-melon, Betong, Wy-rung, Pademalion

pairo, or Melpier (Forster) : Me

ber-rah, Cayo (Cook) : Be-ep :

: Teingo, Dingo, Worregal : Med

a : Currungal, or Car-r

anuck : Chinis, or Wallo

ah : Karga : - : Ch

ng, or Too-yong : Canby :

: Yaw-de-wit : - : -

) : - : Cob-bra : Ulangar, o

ng resemblance between the terms used to signify the hair at Port Jackson, namely, dewarra, or kewarra, or gewarroo, and those which denote the same thing in the language of some of the islands of the Eastern Seas; such, for instance, as arouroo or hooroo-hooroo of the Society Islands; lo-ooroo of the Friendly Islands; hooroo of New Zealand; and, perhaps, oouho of the Marquesas:* but at New Cale

rster Observat

o determine the question. The connexion must be sought for, probably, where the continent, at its north-eastern extremity, most nearly approaches other lands; but even then the chain will remain imperfect until New Guinea and its neighbouring islands are explored, and correct and extensive vocabularies of their languages obtained. Forster,* who has paid considerable attention to this subject, and whose opinions are the more valuable from their being the r

note.

TIONED IN THE PRECEDING LIST

is on the South-west Coast,

extremity of the Gulf of Carpenta

degrees South, is on the North-east Co

0 miles in the interio

140 miles in the interi

East Coast, 168 miles

on the West Coast o

south-east extremity

F VOL

BL

osaurus

m an exceedingly correct drawing made by

Murray, Albemarle

BL

agus ba

erus

a tia

M.L. Field. J.

Murray, Albemarle

BL

a Aus

, Id e

ohn Murray, Al