Parsons on the Rose

s, thinly furnished with leaves, which are alternate upon the stem. Its leaves are pinnate, and vary in color and character, from the rich, dark green, and somewhat r

r oviform, having but one cell, and containing numerous small, one-seeded, dry[Pg 8] fruits, which usually pass for seeds; these are oval or globular, and surrounded with a soft down. The wood is very hard and compact, and of fine grain; and if it could be procured of sufficient size, would serve as a substitute for box in many kinds of manufacture. The longevity of the Rose is, perhaps, greater than that of any other shrub. We recollect seeing a rose-tree near an old castle in Stoke Newington, England, the stem of which was of immense size, and indicated great age. "There is a rose-bush flou

ses of Heraclea, in Greece, and those of Alabande, which seem to be identical with R. centifolia. According to the Roman naturalist and to Theophrastus, they grew naturally on Mount Panga, and produced there very small flowers; yet the inhabitants of Philippi went there to obtain them, and the bushes on being transplanted, produced much improved and be

not impossible that some of the ancient varieties bore double flowers in their native condition in the fields. Such may have been the Centifolias, mentioned by Pliny and

d in France in 1536, and entitled De re Hortensis Libellus, there are but four species mentioned, and scarcely anything concerning their culture. An Italian work published in 1563 men

m are represented by figures in wood, which are very coarse, and scarcely allow recognition of their species. In the Jardinier Hollan

oses. For a century subsequent to the publication of La Quintyne's work, the Rose is very little mentioned, either in English or French works, and there is nothing to indicate the existence at that time of many species, two or three only being required for medicine and perfumery. Some of the English collections, however, numbered during that century some twenty-two distinct species, and a number of varieties. In 1762, Linn?us was acquainted with only fourtee

, roses are so liable to pass into each other, that botanists are now of the opinion that limits between many of those called species do not exis

e the name of species. The best scientific work on the Rose is the "Monographia Rosarum," by Dr. Lindley. This author, and Loudon, we shall

t of the northern hemisphere, between

e the Rose is met with, and reminds us of cultivated gardens and civilization. It is scattered over the prairies in small bouquets, a

n found; of the thirty-nine which it produces, eighteen are natives of the Russian dominions and the countries adjacent. Most of these are very similar to the European portion of the genus, and five are

sorts. A large part of the species described by these authors cannot be found in any collection in this country; and, in fact

?.-Bract

ches and fruit. Leaves dense, usually shining;[Pg 12] prickles

ate, subserrate, coriaceous, glossy, glabrous. Stipules scarcely attached to the petiole, bristle-shaped, but fringed. Peduncles and calyxes tomentose. Flowers showy,

rous bright yellow stamens and styles. It flowers abundantly, but is r

astomosing veins. Stipules very narrow, unequal. Calyx densely invested with prickles. Sepals short, broadly ovate, bristly, ending in a point. Prickles having at the base two lon

LLIFOLI

rmed. Bractless, rarely bracteate. Leaflets ovate or o

seven to thirteen, and even to fifteen, instead of from five to seven. The flowers[Pg 13] are also without bracts, except in some species not mentioned here. These, having connivent permanent sepals,

. Hist. R. lutea, Brot. Stipules linear, divaricate, dilated at the apex. Leaflets glaucous, flattish. Tube hemispherical. Stem prickles unequal, scattered.

feet from the ground; or it will do well on the China rose. It is grown in great abundance in Italy, where its flowers produce a magnificent effect, from their large size, doubleness, and brilliant yellow color. It is one of the oldest inhabitants of our gardens, though the exact year of its introduction is unknown. "Ludovico Berthema tells us, in 1503, that he saw great quantities of yellow roses at Calicut, whence it appears probable that both the single and double-flowered varieties were brought into Europe by the Turks; as Parkinson tells us, in a work which he dedicated to Henri

rf, compact bush, with creeping suckers. Flowers small, solitary, white or blush-colored. Fruit ovate, or nearly round, b

owers double, semi-double, white, purple, red, and even yellow. The firs

-Hundred-le

ttar of Roses, which is an important article of commerce, is either obtained from roses belonging to this division indiscriminately, as in the manufactory at Florence, conducted by a convent of friars; or from some particular[Pg 15] kind, as in India. It appears, from specimens brought from Chizapore by Colonel Hardwicke, that R. Damascena is there exclusively used for obtaining the essential oil. The Persians also make use of a sort which K?mpfer calls R. Shirazensis, (from its growing about Shiraz

ers large, white or red, single or double. The present species may be distinguished from R. centifolia by the greater size of the prickles, the greenness of the bark, the elongated fruit, and the long, reflexed sepals. The petals of th

n gardeners could have produced a certain autumnal bloom only by a sort of retarding process; for, although the Damask Rose will, under peculiar circumstances, bloom[Pg 16] in autumn of its own accord, yet it cannot always be relied upon to do so. During the early period of the French monarchy, when none of the Remontant Roses were known, and this species was common, it was considered quite a ph

ophyllea, Poir. R. unguiculata, Desf. R. varians, Pohl. Prickles unequal, the larger ones falcate. Leaflets ciliated with glands. Flowe

fruit is either oblong or roundish, but never elongated. From R. Gallica it is distinguished by the flowers being drooping, and by the larger size of the prickles, with a more robust habit. A shrub, growing from three feet to six feet high, and flowering in June

ies have been assigned to this spec

g

ncludes the Provenc

comprises t

, by a gardener of Dijon, in France, who discovered it while cutting wood on a mountain near that city. Many varieties of it have been obtained, among which, the most singu

, Red, has bip

t. R. blanda, Brot. Prickles unequal. Stipules narrow, divaricate at the tip. Leaflets, 5-7, coriaceous, rigid, ovate or lanceolate, deflexed. Flower bud ovate-globo

rose are used in medicine, which, though not so fragrant as those of the Dutch hundred-leaved rose, also one of the varieties of this species, are preferred for their beautiful color and their pleasant astringency. The petals of R. Gallica are those which are principally used for making conserve of roses, and, when dried, for gargles: their odor[Pg 18] is increased by drying. Th

ig. R. remensis, Desf.) The Burgundy Rose.-A dwarf, compact shrub, with stiff, ovate acute, and sharply serrated small leaflets, and very double p

.-Hairy

d stout. The most absolute marks of difference, however, between this and Canin?, exist in the prickles of the present section being straight, and the serratures of the leaves diverging. If, as is sometimes the case, the prickles of this tribe are falcate, the serratures become more divergin

g

ristles. Sepals pinnate, reflexed. Fruit unarmed. Native of Piedmont, Cochin China, Denmark, France, and Saxony. Flowers large, either white, or of the most delicate

S?.-Brie

numerous glands on the lower surface of the leaves will be sufficient to prevent anything else being referred to this section; and although R. tomentosa has sometimes glandular lea

d. Leaflets elliptical, doubly serrated, hairy, clothed beneath with rust-colored glands. Sepals pinnate, and bristly, as well as the peduncles. Fruit obovate, bristly toward the base. Native throughout Europe, and of Caucasus. In Br

of analogy between the stock and the variety given it for nourishment, but that the former is the prominent evil is evident by the fact that dwarfs of the same stock, where the stem is shaded by the foliage, flourish much better. The Eglantine, in favored situations, is very long-lived. A French writer speaks of one in which he had counted one hundred and twenty concentric layers, thus making its age the same number of years. Another writer speaks of an Eglantine in Lower Saxony, whose trunk separated into t

.-Dog

dular, with the serratures conniving. Sepals deciduous. D

ristly, like the aggregate flower stalks. Native throughout Europe, and the north of Africa; plentiful in Britain, in hedges, woods, and thickets. Flowers rather large, pale red, seldom white. Fruit, ovate, bright scarlet, of a peculiar and very grateful flavor, especially if made into a c

colors. Stipules very narrow, connate with the petiole, almost entire, or serrate. Flowers solitary, or in panicles. Stamens bent inward. Peduncle sub-articulate, mostly thickened upward, and with the calyx smooth, or wrink

of which were regarded as distinct species by the earlier authors. The following are

ll as the branches, prickly. Stipules nearly entire. Flowers p

ubbery, from its free and vigorous growth, and the profusion of its f

g

ica fragrans, Red.-Has semi-double flowers, of a most delicious fragrance, stron

ies by some authors, but it is pro

ST

tulos, a style; in reference t

. Stipules adnate. The habit of this section is nearly the sa

s, coriaceous. Flowers almost solitary, or in corymbs. Sepals nearly entire, longish. Styles cohering into an elongate pilose column. Fruit ovate or ovate-globose, orange-colored. Peduncles mostly hispid with glanded hairs. Closely allied to R. arvensis

he winter, and in its less vigorous shoots. This species is well adapted for rose carpets made by pegging down its l

to 7, ovate-lanceolate,[Pg 23] soft, finely wrinkled. Stipules pectinate. Flowers in corymbs, and, in many instances, very numerous. Buds ovate globose. Sepals short. Styles protruded, incompletely grown tog

ceed, even in the climate of London, it requires a wall. The flow

the species, of a purplish color. It is easily known from R. multiflora by the fringed edge of the stipules; while those of the common R. multiflora hav

color produced by the buds at first opening was not less astonishing than their number. White, light blush, deeper blush, light red, darker red, scarlet, and purple flowers, all appeared in the same corymb; and the production of these seven colors at once is said to be the reason why this plant is called the Seven Sisters Rose. This tree produced a

rs and foliage, from the species, but retaining the fringed footst

e preceding variety than many species do from each other. It is comparatively a hard-wooded, durable rose, and valu

nearly glabrous, the two surfaces of different colors. Stipules very narrow, acute. Flowers, in many instances, very numerous, white, with the claws of the peta

nches of flowers, which are produced in an umbel-like manner at their extremities. The musky

eze that blows Steals ess

of roses is said to be obtained from this species. The musk rose does best trained against a wall, on account of the length and weakness of its branches; and Miller adds that it should always be pruned in spring, as in winter it will not bear the knife. It requires very little pruning, as the flowers are produced at the extremities of the shoots, which are often 10 feet or 12 feet in length. It flowers freely, and is well worthy of cultivation. This rose is thought by some to be the same as that of Cyrene, which Athen?us has mentioned as affording a delicious perfume, but o

?.-Banks

ed in this section agree in character with R.

s of this section are remarkable for their long, graceful, and often climbing, shoots, drooping flowers, and trifoliate, shining

imate. Stipules bristle-like, scarcely attached to the petiole, rather glossy, deciduous. Flowers in umbel-like corymbs, numerous, very double, sweet-

e, on long peduncles, and resembling in form the flowers of the double French cherry, or that of a small ranunculus, more than thos

or pure white. The original plant is of a deep purple color. Siebold, in his treatise on the flowers of Japan, says that this rose had been already cultivated in Chin

otanists, in addition to those we have enumerated, but no