Gardening for the Million

leaf-mould, and sand; place as near the glass as possible, and never allow the soil to become dry, but maintain good drainage,

n length and 9 in. in breadth. It is of neat habit and enjoys the sunshine. A deeply-dug, sandy loam suits it, and it ma

r Orchid.-See

tle.-See "

namental, producing elegant egg-shaped tufts of a silvery-white hue, and is fine for ornament

his blue hardy annual, which may readily be gr

e. They will grow well in any kind of soil, flowering from March to July, according

d warm situation and rich, light soil. The seed is sown in March to produce summer and autumn blooming

h soil, but a compost of leaf-mould, sand, and peat suits it best. It makes a very desirable greenhouse plant, and can be inc

for a south or west aspect, where it proves hardy; in other positions protection should be a

rain of the Rocket. Among other of the hardy annual varieties may be mentioned the Candelabrum-formed, the Emperor, and the Ranunculi-flowered. They are charming flowers for bed

l parts of loam, peat, and sand. They are propagated by cuttings of the

er-beds or borders. Autumn is the best time for sowing the seed, but i

will require supports. They may be planted in any garden soil, and can be increased by seed, and some of the perennial kinds by division o

he side-shoots on the lower part of the stem, and when the desired height is reached a well-balanced head is cultivated, any eyes that break out on the stem being rubbed off with the thumb. Lauro Rotundifolia is beyond dispute the b

.-See "Vibu

See "Bay

d, under glass. The hardy herbaceous species grow well in any common soil, and are propagated by seeds or divisio

il is what it likes best. Young plants should be raised every three years. It is readily propagated from seed sown in spring. Cuttings abo

y weed the ground until the grass is well established. To form a thick bottom quickly on new Lawns sow 60 lbs., or 3 bushels, to the acre; for improving old ones, 20 lbs. per acre. Frequent cutting and rolling is essential to success. If the grass is inclined to

for.-See "Shru

ee under "C

an evergreen shrubs, thriving best in sa

between each plant and the rows 18 in. apart. For large exhibition Leeks sow in boxes in February, under glass. Plant out in June in trenches 15 in. wide and 18 in. deep, with plenty of old manur

y are most suitable for rock-work, and may be increased by seed o

Bane.-See

peat for preference. If this is done in autumn they will flower in April and May; if sown in spring they wil

equal portions of loam, peat, and sand. Cuttings may be struck

turfy loam, peat, and sand. They are evergreen, flower in June, and a

lants raised in September should be wintered in a cold frame, and the remainder transplanted to a dry, sheltered border, or protected with hand-lights. The June and July sowings may be made where the plants are intended to remain. They should stand from 6 to 9 in. apart. A no

rguerites).-Same treat

m six to eight blooms, each nearly 1 in. long. They grow freely in almost any soil, sandy loam being preferable. Increased by off-sets from the bulb, or by seed as s

ng plant, which may be increased by dibbling cutti

g April and May it produces large flowers varying in colour from satiny rose to white. The most suitable soil is a lig

ops of a purple colour. They will grow in any soil, but need pro

r a dense cylindrical purple spike 2 ft. high. It needs a rich, light, sandy soil, and to be protected

ay and June, render this hardy perennial very ornamental. The soil should consist of

f bloom being very effective, but it does not do to keep it for any length of time in a room where there is gas. When flowering has ceased, encourage new growth by giving

ations. L. Japonicum is likewise ornamental and hardy: Tricolor is considered one of the best light-coloured variegated plants grown. L. Coriaceum is a slow-growing, compact bush wit

See "S

covered with 1 in. of mould. For outdoor cultivation plant the bulbs 4 to 5 in. deep, from October to March. After once planting they require but little care, and should not be disturbed oftener than once in three years, as established plants bloom more freely than if taken up annually. Give a thin covering of manure during the winter. Lilium seed may be

m-con

ine, take them up in September and re-plant at once in fresh, rich soil, as they will not stand being kept out of the ground long. They are increased by off-sets. As soon as these

er. If grown in pots place them, early in March, in rich, sandy soil. Three bulbs are sufficient for an 11-in. pot. Give very little water, but plenty air in mild weather.

eatment as the Candidum, with the exception t

ure should be placed round for these roots to lay hold of. They are increased by the tiny bulbs which form at the axis of the leaves of the flower-

ll stirred before planting. If the soil is of a clayey nature it should be loosened to a depth of seve

en soil with three parts peat and one part sand, and keep t

in any good garden soil enriched wi

ELLADONNA, and FORMOSISSIMA (or J

LILY, see

LILIES, see "

d ST BRUNO'S LILIES

LILIES, see

hey should be kept in a cool place and perfectly dry when their season is over: by watering they will soon come into foliage and flower again. For forcing put ten or twelve "buds" in a 5-in. pot-any light soil will do-plunge

ust be grown in a moist and shady situation. The seeds ripen freely, and should be sown in autumn t

nnuals are raised in spring. L. Triornithophora is a biennial, and may be sown any time between April and June, or in August. The hardy perennial

flowers; it makes a pretty pot-plant, and also does well in the open when planted in a shady position. It

ires the same treatment as other half-hardy perennials. The Scarlet Flax is an annual, very free-flowering, and unsurpassed for brilliancy; easily raised from seed sown in spring. Height, 1? f

ers in June. It requires a light soil. Cuttings of th

increased by cuttings of the previous year's growth, placed in peat and silver sand, shaded and kept cool, but not too wet. They s

amy soil, and are easily increased by seed sown in spring. Flowers are produced in June and July. Height, 2 ft. Besides the a

As the different varieties do not always come true from seed, it is best to propagate by means of cuttings taken in autumn, or take up the old plants before the frost gets to them, remove all the young shoots (those at the base of the plant are best, and if they have a little root attached to them so much the better), and plant them thinly in well-drained, shallow

chfly.-See

de.-See "S

ce their flowers in April or May. They are propagated by cuttings planted in a sh

will flower abundantly in June, but the protection of a greenhouse is necessary in winter. They like a rich, light soil, and

es.-See "

s.-See "E

Mist.-See

s of crimson blossom. The seed should be sown in the open at the end of March, and thinne

s not suitable for pot culture. During growing time abundance of water is needed. When flowering has ceased, cut it hard back. It

.-See "

ceous border plants. They may be grown in any soil, but a rich loam suits them best. The seed ge

ut L. Viscaria Plena, or Catchfly, is a very beautiful plant. They grow freely in light, rich, loamy soil, but need dividing frequently to prevent them dwindling away. The best season for this operation is early in s

er.-See "

ive, and as it blooms from July on to September it is worth a place in the border. A deep, rich loam is most suitable for its

er for rock-work or pots. It is of the easiest cultivation, and when once established requires merely

oil, and may be raised from seed or increased by dividing the roots.

shady situation. The plant is not particular as to soil, and will flower about eight w

ted, Tulip-shaped white flowers. A noble plant for a spacious frontage, but in most places requires to be gr

They grow best in a compost of sand, peat, and loam, and may be propagated by cuttings or

ay, and somewhat resemble miniature Lily of the Valley. Seed may be sown at the end o

.-See

They may be raised from seed sown in April in any garden

increased by seed sown in the autumn, or by division of the root. The greenhouse kinds should be grown in rich earth: these are propaga

ble home in the border of the conservatory in equal parts of peat and sandy loam. In pruning adopt the same method as for the vine or other plants which bear flowers on wood of the same year's growth. It is propagated b

fine manure, but is more expensive than that made from lime and salt. Charred cow-dung is ready for immediate use. For established fruit-trees use, in showery weather, equal quantities of muriate of potash and nitrate of soda, scattering 1 oz. to the square yard round the roots. Peruvian guano, in the proportion of 1 oz. to each gallon of water, is a very powerful and rapid fertiliser. In whatever form manure is given, whether in a dry or liquid form, care must be taken not to administer it in excessive quantities, for too strong a stimulant is as injurious as non

-See "

iums or other brightly-coloured flowers, and likewise make fine pot-plants. They will grow in any light soil, and mer

erries on the main branches. Being only half-hardy, it requires protection from frost, but in the warmer weather it may be planted on rock-work i

and tall French varieties make a fine display when planted in shrubberies or large beds, while the dwarf French kinds are very effective in the foreground of taller plants, or in beds by th

. When the plants are sufficiently advanced transplant them singly into pots of light, rich e

ouse or the open. They may be increased by seed sown in light soil in July or August and planted out in the border in s

ture of loam, peat, and sand. They require no water while in a dormant state, an

a.-See

se lilac flowers are fragrant towards evening. They may be grown from

wers are concerned, and is mostly grown as a foliage plant. The seed should

ould be light and rich. Cuttings can be taken either in spring or autumn, or it may be raised from seed. It does very well in the open during the su

gh the winter in cold clay soils. Its pale green foliage is seen to advantage in carpet bedding, and its branched violet flowers, put forth from June to Septem

ten found on English rocks. It may be grown in any light, rich soil

rained to a standard form. The Nottingham and Royal are also excellent varieties. Any special variety may be grafted on to the seedlings. On deep soils it is

to June. A light, sandy soil suits it best. It may be

ering in July. Any soil suits it. It is incr

nerally grown, especially as it will thrive in almost any soil; but to grow it to perfection, it should be planted in rich loam

5 to 85 degrees. Keep the plants well thinned and water carefully, as they are liable to damp off at the collar if they have too much wet. Do not allow them to ramble after the fruit has begun to swell, nor allow the plants to bear mo

h yellow flowers in June, followed with black berries. It grows in any soil, and can be propagated

rennial, which may be grown in any soil, and is easily incre

eat as other h

added. While excessive moisture is injurious, the plant must not be kept too dry; the best condition for it is to be

t, and are propagated by division. They make fine border plants. Mertensia Maritima and M. Parviflora, however, ar

May. If grown in pots they thrive best in a light, sandy loam. In the border they should occupy a hot and dry situation. Keep the plants well watered until established, afterwards give a little liquid manure. May be increased by cuttings taken in a

treatment, s

ut of no special beauty. It is a native of our shores, will grow in any soil,

s. They thrive in any soil or position, but flourish best where there is a due proportion of sunshine. They are easily raised from seed, sown early in sprin

a-like flowers tinged with purple, on erect stems. It is not particular as to soil, but requires a southe

frame facing the west. Another sowing should be made about the middle of August, giving them the same treatment as the previous; and a third one in February, in gentle heat. Height, 9 in. to 3 ft. The Mignonette tree is produced by taking a vigorous plant of the spring sowing, and removing all the lower shoots in the autumn. Pot it in goo

ution of nitre made in the proportion of 1 oz. of nitre to each gallon of water. Another good remedy is to s

.-See "C

tle.-See

ed. They grow well in loam and peat with a little sand, but require to be planted in a warm situation or to have greenhouse care. Cuttings of

wn in slight heat from February to May, or increased by division of the root. The frame and greenhouse kinds grow best in a rich, light soil, and may

o orange-yellow, and when fully expanded the flowers are creamy-white. It thrives in loam and peat to which a little dung has been added, and is well adapted f

ich, if not held in check, become very troublesome. The roots may be

ome well-ripened berries, then tie the bark down neatly with raffia or woollen yarn. If the berries were

white flowers in April. It makes a pretty rock plant, delights in a

heir runs worms that have been kept for some time i

ego Mint, or Horse B

r stove. It requires to be grown in loam and peat, and may be increased

ower.-See

zle.-See "

od.-See "

Plant 3 in. deep and 2 in. apart in sandy loam and leaf-mould. The corms should never be kept long out of the ground, as they shrivel, and weak growth and

ts flower in May, and require

y foliage and stout spikes of rose-coloured flowers in whorls, which make it one of the most attractive of Thistles. It like

for rock-work. It flowers in May, and is raised f

age to the plants. They are very sensitive to cold, and should not be placed out of doors before the end of May. Avoid over-watering, as this would prove fatal to them. T

ry.-See "Co

cing fragrant cream-coloured flowers in July. It will grow in an

thing to do is to ensure a good drainage to the ground, rake the moss out, and apply nitrate of soda at the rate of 1 cwt. to the half-acre, t

Avens.-Se

amount of sunshine to make it bloom. A well-drained, sandy soil is best for its growth,

a heel two years old attached. The only pruning necessary is to keep the branches well balanced. Autumn is the time to do this, not forgetting that the fruit is borne on the young wood. When gro

g.-See

-See "Hy

yoides.-See

firmly. When the temperature of the bed falls to 75 degrees, or a little under, the spawn may be inserted in pieces about the size of a walnut, 2 in. deep and 6 in. apart. Now give a covering of loamy soil, 2 in. deep, and beat it down evenly and firmly. Finish off with a covering of cle

genial to it when placed in the border. Seed sown in autumn make fine, early-flowering greenhouse plants. For summer blooming the seed is sow

should be sown four days before the latter. The seed must not be covered, but simply pressed into the surface of the soil. Keep the ground moist, and cut the crop when the second leaf appears. For winter use it is best sown in boxes and grown in a frame, the seed being covered with flannel kept constantly

ds or ditches; but they also do well in pots among Alpine plants. Most of them may be increased by root division, and all of th

e the myrtle. It will grow in light, rich soil, but thrives best in peat, and may be increased by seeds or laye

Asparagoides.

nd then planted; or young cuttings will strike in sandy soil under a hand-glass. They succeed best in

.-See "Da

ke a gay background to a border, and are equally valuable for trellis-work, while the dwarf varieties are first-class bedding plants, and of great service for ribboning. The

times produces a Peach, and a Peach stone often produces a Nectarine. Fairchild's, Hum

cuttings of the young wood. They flower in July. N. Torreyi bears

seed early in spring on a hotbed, and plant out in May in rich, light soil. Cu

n peat or vegetable mould, and when grown in circles are very striking. If wanted to flower early, sow the seed in autumn, or on a hotb

hang down; in many cases it is employed as edgings. It is of easy culture, and does well as a window plant or i

ense.-See "G

should consist of leaf-mould and sand, and overhead sprinkling with soft water is very beneficial. In cold districts it is better to grow it in the gre

of white flowers early in spring. Will grow in any soil or

t of 3 ft. N. Virginica produces immense leaves and pink flowers, and the plants are 4 to 5 ft. high. The seed is sown on a hotbed in spring, and when

a mixture of sandy loam and leaf-mould. Sow the seed in March or April in slight heat, harden off,

ovate foliage and large saucer-shaped white flowers. It needs a moist position, and is in

e best known among them is N. Hispanica, or Love-in-a-Mist. They only require sowing in the open in s

d Stocks.-Se

ld be sown in spring on a gentle hotbed, and the plants transferred to the garden about the middle of May. N

ums, black and green Tea Plant, Rhododendrons, Ferns, Red Curran

of our country. It requires a light, rich soil, and may be increased by division

ed should be sown early in spring on a gentle hotbed, and the young plants transferre

ly found in our ponds. It flowers in June, and may

but good drainage is essential. The blooms are yellow, spotted and streaked with venetian red, and are often 6 in. across. The pots should be

e-flowering, and grow well in any good, rich soil. The annual and biennial kinds are sown in the open in spring. The perennials may be increased by dividing the

on of the roots. O. Haastii has foliage resembling the Box, and a profusion of white, s

shade of trees in ordinary soil. It produces its flowers in March

otting is finished, and stand them in a light, warm part of the greenhouse. They will require very little more water until the roots have taken hold of the soil

h for the main crop and for salad and pickling Onions, and in August for summer use. Thin out to about 6 in. apart, excepting those intended to be gathered while small. The Tripoli varieties attain a large size if transplanted in the spring. The Silver-skins do best on a poor soil. For exhibiti

re. It will grow in any ordinary garden soil, and is increased by seed, sown as soon as it

ion. Sow the seed any time between March and June. They require the protection of a

d vegetable mould, and to be planted where it can obtain plenty of sun. It is increased from cuttings taken in summer, placed in a cucumber fr

gust; very suitable for dry spots in rock-work. It grows best in peat with a little sand, and is propagated by separa

xican.-See

m what part of the globe they come, and to place them in houses having as near as possible the same temperature and humidity as that to which they are accustomed. The pots in which they are grown should be filled with fibrous peat and sphagnum moss, largely mixed with charcoal, and abundant drainage ensured. They are propagated by dividing the root stocks, by separating the pseudo-bulbs, and, in case of t

, and thrives in a dry situation with a sunny aspect and in a sandy soil. The bloom is in its best condition in October. The rooted s

ost sets in and store it in a dry place, as it requires no moisture while in a dormant state. In September the flowers are produced. Height, 6 in. O. Umbellatum (Star of Bethlehem) is a pretty little flower often found in English meadows, is quite hardy, an

will grow readily in any light soil, and are easily increased by root-divi

y may be increased by cuttings of the young shoots with a little old wood attached, or they may be grafted on to

very similar to the Holly. It is perfectly hardy a

be well drained, a peat one being preferable; and the position it occupies must be well shaded from the rays of the midday sun. It flowers from May onwa

er. After they have done flowering they should be kept dry until they begin to grow afresh. They are increased by off-sets from the bulb. The hardy species should be planted in a shady border, where they will grow and

e.-See "

July. It will grow in any good garden soil, and is propagated by seed only,

ge and blooms in April. It will succeed in almost any soil,

slip. The shrubby species are multiplied by cuttings taken in August or September, with a piece of the old wood attached, and planted in a sheltered situation. Tree Paeonies require

ed with equal parts of loam, leaf-mould, and sand. Cover the pots with glass and stand them in the warmest part of a ho

ass.-See

the Valley.-S

he greenhouse. They may also be planted in the open ground under a south wall. The bulbs should be placed in a composition of three parts light, sandy lo

hroughout the year, and grows well in equal parts of peat and loam with one-sixth part sand. During the autumn a little liquid manure is beneficial. In the winter months it should be wate

an annual, and P. Sulcatum, a most elegant greenhouse plant, are fine for specimens. P. Plicatum is highly ornamental and hardy, but is best grown as a conservatory or window pla

. The cuttings should be kept in a cool frame, moderately moist, and shaded from the hot sun. They can likewise be increased by layers, merely pegging them down and not slitting them on account of their tendency to damp off. They may also be increased by dividing

ily raised from seed sown where they are intended to bloom. The perennials may also be in

Chinensis.-

g for late summer and autumn use, the next in June for succession, and another in August or September for spring and early summer use. Thin out or transplant, to 6 in. apart. Parsley takes longer than most seeds to germinate; it must ther

up as long as possible. As early in March as the weather will permit level the surface and sow the seed in drills 15 in. apart, covering it with half an inch of fine soil. When the plants are 2 or 3

gned those grown out of doors, and the root should be well protected in winter. The flowers are borne on seasoned growth of the current year: this fact must be considered when pruning the plants. During t

nt racemes of white Chestnut-like flowers in July. Any soil suits it. It is p

bearing fruit heavily. Train the shoots about 6 in. apart, removing all the wood-buds except one at the base of the shoot and one at the point. Keep the flowers dry and free from frost by means of an overhead shelter, to which tiffany or canvas can be attached, which should, however, only be used so long as the cold weather lasts. To ensure good fruit, thin the same out to 6 in. apart as soon as it attains the size of a small pea, and when the stoning period is passed remove every alternate one, so that they will be 1 ft. apart. Af

then discontinue it, merely keeping the walls near the pipes and the paths damp. As soon as the fruit is set the syringing should recommence. Water of the same temperature as that of the house should in all cases be used. When the fruit begins to ripen, cease once more the syri

away in sufficient quantity to produce a well-balanced tree, and so equalise the flow of sap. Some of the pruning may be done in summer, but directly the leaves fall is the time to perform the main work. A good syringing once a week with the garden hose will keep the trees vigorous and free from insects. Should scab make its appearance on the leaves, spray them occasionally with Bordeaux Mixture, using the minimum strength at first, and a stronger application afterwards if necessary. There are over 500 varieties of Pears, so it is no easy matter to give a selection to suit all tastes, but a few may be named as most likely to give satisfaction. Louise Bonne d

od plan is to arrange the rows 10 or 15 ft. apart, and crop the intervening spaces with early dwarf vegetables. The earliest varieties may be sown from November to February, on the warmest and most sheltered border: these may be gathered in May and June. The second early round, varieties, if sown from January to April, will be ready for gathering in June and July. The main crop round varieties may be sown from February to May: these will be ready to gather in July and August. The early wrinkled varieties may be sown from March

arly in spring in slight heat. Where there is no greenhouse or frame the seed may be planted, about ? in. deep, round the edges of pots filled with nice, light soil, and covered with a sheet of glass, k

should be sown as early in March as practicable, and in April and May for succession. When the plants are 2 or 3 in. high a few twigs may be placed among them,

and light while in a vigorous state. Cuttings root readily in either soil or sand, especially if placed under glass. Most of the hard-wooded varieties are more e

h to their flowering quarters; or it may be sown in a sheltered position during August or September to stand the winter. It may also be increased by dividing the roots in spring, as soon as growth begins. Cuttings of the young side-shoots ab

n any damp or marshy soil, and

r the first season, but usually they do not bloom till the second season. Many of the species improve by age, forming large clumps or bushes. The stock is increa

the most easily cultivated of all plants. Seed may be sown from March to midsummer, transplanting in the autumn

when many will bloom the first season. If sown between May and the end of August they will flower the following spring and summer. They require protection during winter, such as is a

ifrages, etc., do not die down, but retain thei

s, etc. A rich soil suits them best. They are easily increased by cuttings

h bronze purple. It bears a cream-coloured flower in July. It may be raised in the same

ill grow in any soil, and may be increased by layers or by c

le.-See

partial shade, and a moist but well-drained position. It is increased by layers in September, which should not

plants for a summer or autumn display. As the seeds are very minute, they should be covered merely with a dusting of the finest of soil. Moisture is best supplied by standing the pots up to the rims in water. Pot off singly, hard

It will grow in any soil, and is easily raised from seed s

ily grown from seed, and the root allows division. P. Canariensis is the use

g shrubs, producing a wealth of sweetly-scen

rive in any light soil. It should occupy a cool position, but be well shelt

ry garden soil, and may be increased either by layers or cuttings.

n a warm position, and is a fine lawn plant. Flowers are produced from June to August. It

ll pots or rock-work, C. Drummondi for beds, and the French perennials, P. Decussata, for mixed borders. A rich, loamy soil suits them best, and they must never lack mois

ucceeds best in rich loam. It flowers in August, and

flowers in June, but is hardy enough to be grown on a warm border. It

ardy kinds will grow in any soil, and are increased by seed. P. Francheti produces seed-pods over 2 in. in diameter, the Cherry-like fruit of whic

ouse. It grows well in a mixture of sandy loam and peat, and should receive bold treatment. Its wh

rple. They like a rich soil, and can be raised from seed sown in March. They also b

l thrive in any soil, blooms from May to August, and can

ack berries. It requires a rich soil and plenty of room for its widespreading branches. Cuttings

-See "Car

arts sandy peat and one part loam, with good drainage. June or July is their flowering season. They may be grown from seed or

.-See "An

g-plant produces deep violet-blue flowers in August and September. It ma

pings taken in May or June. These should be planted out in October, but must be given a well-drained position, as too m

t. Its leaves, which are green in summer, change to a bright golden colour in winter. The Umbrella Pine (Sciadopitys) is a very striking conifer, and does well everywhere. It gets its name from its leaves being set

-glass. Towards the end of September they may be planted out in beds or potted off in rich, light loam. In either case they must not be planted too deeply. The crust of the soil should be level with the

ants, requiring a sandy soil. They may be raised either from seeds or

a sandy soil. They are easily raised from seed sown in March

in equal parts of loam, peat, and sand. It flowers in July. Cutting

eenhouse. They flower in June. Height, 3 ft. P. Occidentalis is a charming greenhouse climber. P. Capensis Alba is a greenhouse evergreen shrub, flowering in November, and growing to a height of 2

shape. A pyramid-shaped tree is useful, and is easily grown by training one straight, central shoot, which must be stopped occasionally so that fresh side branches may be thrown out, which of course must be kept at the desired length. A bush tree about 7 ft. in height is undoubtedly the best form of growth, and needs but a minimum amount of attention. In pruning wall trees the main object is to get the side-shoots equally balanced, and to prevent the growth advancing in the centre. The bush form merely require the removal of any dead wood and of cross-growing branches. This should be done late in the summer or in the a

grass. Plant in a moist situation in a rich, light, l

.-See "Cep

e of loam and peat is most suitable for their growth. They are easily raise

rees; it likewise makes a splendid pot-plant. A mixture of peat and chopped sphagnum is what it likes. The pots are usually plunged in wet sand or ashes on a northern border. It is propa

water to the roots, and syringe the leaves frequently. In early spring cut down the branches to within three or four eyes of the old woo

culture. Any soil suits them, and they merely require sowing in the open either in spring or autumn. P.

nts moist. The seed requires no artificial heat to germinate it. The roots should be divided each year as soon as they have flowered, and fresh soil given. The single varieties o

peat soil in which to grow. It may be increased from seed or by divi

y loam, and a little sand. It flowers in March. To increase it, top the shoots, which will cause it to throw out ne

obtained by seed sown in peat. These flower

are borne in May or June, are mostly white. Plants succeed best in a rich soil.

ng as it can enjoy plenty of sunshine. The shoots root of themselves and must be kept in check, else they will

or the root, putting the cuttings into light, rich soil, or by layers. The double kinds of Punica, or Pomegranate, s

"Papaver" and

aced in gentle heat. Harden off and plant out in May, as soon as the weather permits, in a light, dry soil where it can get a good amount of sunshine. Its brilliant and striking colour

one sprout to each tuber or set, rubbing off the rest. They may be planted at any time from the end of February to the end of March in rows 1-1/2 to 2-1/2 ft. asunder, placing the sets 6 in. deep and from 6 to 9 in. apart. As soon as growth appears keep the ground well stirred with the hoe to prevent the growth of weeds, and w

viding the roots or by seeds treated like other hardy perennials. The shrubby kinds are well adapted for the fronts of shrubberies

ach pot should be occupied with drainage, but a depth of 1-1/2 in. is sufficient for others. Lift the plant carefully so as not to break the ball of earth round the roots, and fill in with mould round the sides. In order to supply water readily the pots must not be filled up to the rim. Pot firmly, and in the case of hard-wooded plants ram the earth down with a blunt-pointed stick; soft-wooded ones may be left rather looser. Give shade till the

well-drained vegetable soil and all the sun it can get. It is self-propagating. Though pretty hardy, it is safer to pot it off in

"Primulas," and

he soil. Tie a sheet of paper over the pot and plunge it in a hotbed. Sufficient moisture will be communicated to the seed by keeping the paper damp. When the plants make their appearance remove the paper and place the pot in the shady part of the greenhouse. When they are strong enough to handle, pot of

son flowers and purple-tinted foliage. It is not particular as to soil, and mere

See "Lig

Flower.-Se

r or rock-work, bearing dense spikes of flowers from May to August. It gro

ecially for fruit-trees. The cuts should be clean and level, and when a saw is used should be made smooth with a chisel and covered with grafting wax. In all cases as little wound as possible should be presented. Root-pruning has for its object the suppression of over-vigorous growth and the restoration of old trees to a bearing condition. It consists in taking off all the small fibres, shortening the long roots to within 6 or 8 in. of the stem, and cutting away any bru

es, which will grow in any soil, and

ill waters, where its long frond-like leaves, which turn to a golden yellow in autumn

e attention; may be grown in any common soil, and propagated by

-See "He

in summer the young shoots are an excellent substitut

soil in which it is placed should be a light, rich loam. It can be most freely

he bulbs may be separated when the clumps get overcrowded, late in summer, after the tops have died down, being the most suitab

nd are increased by seeds sown in heat in February if wanted for early use, or in the open during March and April for later growth. The crowns may be divided either in autumn or spring: each

shady situation. It is raised from seed, or will bea

nica.-See

rass.-See

lighting in a deep, loamy soil. It is prop

will take root; but the surest method of propagation is by layers, pegged down in the soil and detached the following year. A good watering with liquid manure will swell the fruit to a large size. Keep th

ch. Follow on with sowings in the open till the middle of September. The Black Spanish and China Rose should be sown during August and September for winter use. Lift i

bin.-See

-See "Ja

the roots, while absorbing plenty of moisture, will not rot through being continually in stagnant water. Peat soil suits it best. It may be incr

use sow in April in rows 12 in. apart, covering the seeds lightly with f

hem 2 or 3 in. deep and 4 or 5 in. apart. Cover them with sand, and then with mould. Water freely in dry weather. Protect during winter with a covering of dry litter, which should be removed in spring before the foliage appears. They flower in May or June. Seeds, selected from the best sem

s of white flowers in June. A compost of loam, peat, and sand is th

together, and at the end of August the tops of the tall ones are pinched off. When the leaves have fallen all the suckers are drawn out and the canes pruned (about four being left to each root). The canes are then tied and manure applied. About May they are, if necessary, thinned out again, and the suckers that are exhausting both soil and plant removed. They produce their fruit on one-year-old canes, which wood is of no further use. The general way of training them is by tying the tops together, or by training them in the

oker.-See

le.-See

mmer, may be got rid of by constantly syringing the plants attacked

It may be grown in any light soil, and increased by seed, or b

tion, and are very suitable for planting near the sea. R. Latifolius has handsome broad leaves. Some, such as R. Alaternus and R. Cathar

for the back portion of a border. It does well in rich loam, flow

ght soil, and prefer a warm situation. Used largely for winter bouquets, and are perfect gems for pot culture. A succession of bloom may be obtained by sowings made in August, October, and March. The temperature of the seed-pots should be kept at from 60 to 70 d

y be grown in the open in summer. A light, rich, well-drained soil is its delight, and it may be propagated by seed or by cu

g is the best time, the next best being October. They are propagated by layers or seeds, and the small wooded kinds by slips torn off close to the stems, planted in sand, and placed under glass in heat. The seed should be sown early in spring in pans of peat soil, and covered very lightly. Place the pans in a frame, and when the soil becomes dry stand the pans in water near

well-rotted manure has been worked. Large roots may be divided in autumn or early spring; every portion of the root that has a crown will make a fresh plant. When the last of the crop has been pulled, fork in a dressing of old manure. It may be f

hilian.-Se

und leaves which change to bright crimson and orange, surmounted with fluffy pink seed-vessels, while R. Glabr

est in a compost of light loam and peat; is of easy culture, and readily increased by cuttings. It is a fine plant for

lowering early in spring. The colours vary from crimson to white. They ma

hould be planted in trenches. A light, rich mould is best for it, and it should have sufficient sun to ripen the wood. Lift

. The plants like a rich soil. Sow the seed early in spring in a slight heat, harden off gradually, and put ou

am to purple, and while in bloom the plants are very handsome. They grow in any soil, flower in May and onwards, and are increased by

ss.-See

y have done flowering, when they should be potted off, planting them out again in the spring. The annual and biennial kinds merely require to be s

"Cistus" and

. It thrives best in a moist, peaty soil; flowers from May to July, a

succeeds in sandy loam and peat. It may be sunk in the flower-border during the height of summer, but must be taken indoo

dy, and will grow in any light, rich soil. It blooms in August and

utumn, choosing a sheltered site, or in March in a frame or under a hand-glas

nd sheltered position. Its fragrant purple flowers are produced in February. Cuttin

viously grown, in no case exceeding 1 in. above the mark which the earth has left on the stem. Three weeks after planting tread the earth again round the roots. Pruning should be done in March, except in the case of those planted in spring, when the beginning of April will be early enough. Cut away all of the wood that is unripe, or exhausted and dead. Dwarf growers should be cut back to within two or three buds of the previous year's growth, but five or six eyes may be left on those of stronger growth. The majority of climbing and pillar roses do not require to be cut back, it being only necessary to take out the useless wood. In pruning standards aim at producing an equally balanced head, which object is furthered by cutting to buds pointing outwards. At the first sign of frost the delicate Tea and Noisette Roses need to be protected. In the case of standards a covering of bracken fern or straw must be tied round the heads; dwarfs should have the soil drawn up over the crowns, or

.-See "Viscari

n.-See "Hibis

ee "Blac

n early in spring, and will grow in any garden soil, but naturally succeed best in deeply-worked, well-manur

en shrub which thrives in any rich soil, and may b

e. It enjoys a good, rich soil, in which it flowers freely in

dry yet rich and light soil. At midsummer it produces an abundance of greenish-yellow flow

ring.-See "

ight soil, and is propagated by divisi

t-like flowers. It is a continuous bloomer. A rather light, rich soil or vegetable mould suits it best. The seed, which is very minute, should be sown early i

Wort.-See "

g. It will grow in any soil, but prefers a moist one, and produces unattractive brown flowers in September. Propagat

best. The seed may be sown in the open border early in spring, or preferably on a hotbed at the same period. For early flowering

in the plants out to a distance of 6 in. from each other. The roots may remain in the ground till required for use, or be lifted in October and

inds are increased by dividing the roots; the shrubby varieties by cuttings of the young wood planted under glass in March; while the stove species require to be placed in hea

suitable for town gardens. The silvery variegated variety (Variegata), is fine for contra

t.-See "

ght, sandy soil, shade, and moisture; is propagated by seed sown in July, also by division of the tubero

s freely in any soil. It flowers in July,

from seed sown in March or April, and merely require ordinary treatment. T

are increased by seed or by division of the root, and young cuttings of the branching species root freely if planted under glass. S. Ocymoides, on account of its trailing nature, and S. Calabrica

, filled up with sphagnum moss, in a moderately cool house having a moist atmosphe

oil, and keep the mould only just damp until the foliage, which follows the flowers, appears. When the foliag

electing the strongest first. Let them remain till they are about 6 in. high, then transplant them, 18 in.

he protection of a frame in winter. Saxifraga Sibthorpii is very suitable for the lower and damper parts of rock-work; it is hardy, and sheds its seed freely. S. Umbrosa (London Pride) makes a neat border,

n soil. The seed may be sown at any time between March and midsummer; transplant

with a sponge. White Scale is harder to deal with. Syringe frequently with strong so

r early flowering sow the seed in autumn, and keep the young plants in a frame or greenhouse throughout the winter.

y loam and leaf-mould. Sow the seed in pots in the spring, place in a greenhouse, and when large enough to handle, pl

ant, producing abundant spikes of Izia-like flowers about 2 ft. high. It is suitable f

xed with Crocuses and Snowdrops they produce a very charming effect. To get perfection of bloom they require deep plantin

gust, but to have large roots they should be left till they are two years old. They may remain in the ground till wanted for use, or they may be lifted in

in July. The greenhouse varieties merely require protecting in the winter. They

est grown in a loamy soil. It may be increased from see

-See "Crambe

ts to 6 in. in the rows, and transplant in February or March into well-trenched, deep, rich soil in rows 2 ft. apart and the plants 15 in. asunder. Keep the plants to one crown,

der.-See

weed.-Se

or rock-work. It delights in a light, sandy soil, and is readily incre

ll cases should be freshly dug so as to communicate air and moisture: it should be neither too wet nor too dry. The most favourable time for seed-sowing is just before a gentle rain. If sown too early on cold, wet ground, the seed is apt to rot; when sown too shallow in a dry time, there may not be sufficient moisture to cause it to sprout.

r cent, of mineral oil. Vegetable seeds, such as Haricot Beans and Peas, should be soaked for twelve hours, and the pips of Apples

d are easily increased by off-sets. The more tender kinds are suitable for the greenhouse. These should be planted in sandy loam and old brick rubbish. They requ

ted by cutting the roots into pieces 5 or 6 in. long, and dibbling them into light soil. It is also increased by the rootlets, which send up

dder.-See

Plant.-See

rt, and the bulbs 6 in. one from the other. In July, when the tops are dying down

ee "Trifoli

ious.-See

on during the autumn and winter months. In April and May it produces pearly-white flowers, somewhat Campanulate in form. It may be planted in

. They rejoice in a clean, healthy soil, such as good loam; animal manure does not agree with them, but wood ashes, or charcoal powder with a little guano, may be used. Cuttings of shrubs or trees may be taken in September, placed in a mixture of sandy loam and

ler growth), Irish Yews, Cupressus Lawsoniana Erecta Viridis, Thujas Orientalis, Vervaeneana, Semperaurescens, Standard Rhododendrons, Standard and

as a curiosity. The seeds are sown on a hotbed in spring, potted off when strong enough, and tra

r part of the stems. S. Malvaeflora bears beautifully fringed, satiny pink flowers. They will grow in any good soil fro

Pendula, when sown in the autumn, makes a pleasing show of pink flowers in the spring. The roots of the herbaceous kinds may be divided in spring. The shrubby sort

d August large deep orange-yellow flowers resembling a Sunflower. It is very useful fo

rdy. The soil should be moist, but not wet. It does not like being disturbed, but when necessary the crowns

g a profusion of scarlet berries in winter. They succeed in any ordinary soil, but th

bage leaves are strewed about in the evening the slugs will congregate under them, and in the morning they may be gathered up and dropped

s it. Train the shoots up string, and freely water the plant in summer; during the autumn and winter it does not need much moisture. Keep the temperatu

b the ground with a thick paste of soot and train oil. There i

Lilies.-See "

.-See "Ant

t.-See "A

ree.-See "

-See "Symp

at any time from September to December, and left alone for three or four year

Tree.-See

e.-See "

ummer.-Se

sand. When the former predominates it is termed heav

d loam. Though suitable for certain fruit-trees a

aped drains, 3 ft. below the surface, and let 2-in. pipes lead to a deep hole made at the lowest part of the garden and filled with bric

deep, say about 2 ft, and leave it in large clods to the pulverising action of the frost, after which it is easily raked level for spring planting. If the clods are turned over the grass will rot and help t

fairly dry, and about one spade deep. Av

ent by the rapid growth of weeds, and because when the surface becomes hard and cracked the rain r

deep, over the roots of trees and plants in the autumn to keep them

e and often. Water may be given to the roots at any time, but should not be sprinkled over the leaves in a hot sun nor in cold weather. Plants having

rich. Cuttings planted in sand under glass strike readily. The tender annual varieties may be sown on a hotbed in spring, and

in sandy peat, or in leaf-mould with a liberal addition of sand, and they require a moderate amount of moistu

and autumn it produces masses of golden flowers. It is not over-particular as to soil, and may b

on long curving stems. Plant freely in light, rich soil, in a shady position or under trees. Th

t to taint the air, the former is purifying and has no unpleasant smell. It is easily made by tying a little soot in a coarse canvas bag an

art. It is desirable to cut away the flower-stems and to divide the ro

suits this odoriferous bush, and it is re

ep, on a sheltered border, in rich, well-drained, loamy soil. Protect from frost and wet in the winter, but keep the roots moist while they are growing. For indoor cultivation plant four to six bulbs in a 5-in. pot, p

e evergreen shrub, thriving best in loam and peat. Cuttings may be st

shrub which will grow in any soil, and is propag

lum.-See "Venus'

in any moist situation in san

bed in loam and peat, harden off, and transplant at the end of May to a soil composed of l

"Commelina" and

crimson and yellow flowers. It finds a congenial home in damp peat, shaded from the

eed. For winter use sow the prickly-seeded variety in August and September, and thin the plants out 9 in. apart. If the ground is hot and dry, the seed should be soaked for twenty-four hours before it is sown. New Zealand Spinach may be sown in the open during May, choosing the warmest spo

then be removed indoors and forced rapidly, supplying them with an abundance of water. Their elegant flower spikes are invaluable for bouquets and table decoration. The shrubby kinds are increased by layers or cuttings of the young wood, the herbace

irs.-See

s fine for bees. It may be grown in any soil

h will grow in any soil, and bears div

flowers in June. It forces well, and may be made to flower at Easter by potting it in rich, light soil, placing it in a cold frame till the middle of Januar

r.-See "Tr

lehem.-See "

herbaceous kinds are very suitable for the front of flower borders, and may be freely increased by seeds or division. The annuals, if sown in March, will produce flowers in July. St

and loam soil and plenty of room for its roots. It flowers in April, and is incr

rom seed, which is produced in great quantities, and merely requires the same treatment as other

e greenhouse, and flourishes in a mixture of loam and leaf-mould. It flo

s bright yellow flowers in August. It likes a rich

d most attractive in the border. The seed may be sown early in March, keeping the gro

aring from July to September large light blue flowers. It requires a

oc

lower till Christmas. The soil should be rich, and occasionally a little manure-water may be given. Another sowing may be made in A

ansplanting reject those plants having a long tap-root: they generally prove to be single. If the following winter be severe they must be protected with mats. Any desirable varieties may be propagated by cuttings, which root readily under gla

a mixture of light soil and sand, and cutti

Stocks are sown in March or April, they will flower in the autumn; if sown in June or

y frosts. It is therefore more suitable for a cool house than the open air, unless the warmest and most sheltered position be assigned to it. A rich, sandy s

op.-See

em firmly in rows 2 ft. apart and 18 in. from plant to plant. Spread out the roots and avoid deep planting. Remove from the old plants all runners not required for new beds before they take root, as they exhaust the crown. In dry seasons liquid manure is highly beneficial. Some growers give supports to the fruit by means of forked-shaped pegs,

Tree.-See

best. Seed sown in February in slight heat will produce plants for flowering in July; that sown in March or April will flower in August and September. Grow slowly in small pots, and in February put them in their flow

h it needs a liberal supply of water and to be kept near the glass; only a small amount of moisture should be given in winter. In March cut it into shape, and

lant produces fine yellow flowers. It accommodates itself to any soil, but prefers a rich,

Japonica has Snowdrop-like flowers, and S. Obasa Lily-of-the-Valley-like

.-See "He

and pure white flowers, which are borne from April to November. The soil most suitable for it is a mixture

rt.-See "A

s.-See "Zep

Daisy.-See

ssum.-See

ag.-See

.-See "Pea

ket.-See

ious.-See

are very useful for cutting. They may be raised in any garden soil from

uld be placed in light, loamy ground mixed with a little old manure and sand. They can be raised with little trouble from seed sown thinly at any time between M

any ordinary soil, are hardy, and readily propagated by suckers, which are produced abundant

situation, even thriving under the shade of trees, and may be increa

of them may be grown in a tolerably good soil. They are propagated by layers or by

al shoots, it requires frequent stopping. Syringe frequently in warm weather to induce a quick growth. It is a quick grower, and, when properly treated, a prof

the garden. The seed should be sown on a hotbed in March or April, the plants gradually hardened off, and placed

urne. The hardy kinds will grow in any soil, and may be propagated by cuttings planted in the open either in spring or autumn. The greenhouse and stove

, useful for mixing with cut blooms. No sp

.-See

r loam and peat, and rejoice in shade and moisture. T. Radicans will grow in the open against a wall, but a warm situation is needed to make it flower. They may

See "Buph

liage and spikes of white flowers at midsummer. It succeeds best in peat, but w

hey flourish in a soil consisting of equal proportions of loam, peat, and sand. Cutt

n any ordinary garden soil. It flowers in July, and is easil

ks of borders. They grow well in any light soil from seed so

s from June to September. The soil should be light and rich. As the plants suffer by division

ow flowers. Quite hardy. Sow on a hotbed early in spring, and when sufficiently large and st

-See "A

; they therefore need greenhouse care, or to be planted in a warm situation. They flourish best in a mixture of sandy loam and

st desirable; it delights in a heavy soil. The Biota Elegantissima is one of the most unique hardy shrubs cultivated, and presents a bright golden appearance. Another effective yellow variety is the Semperaurescens, which retains its colour throughout the winter, and makes a fine

y kinds like an exposed position; rarer kinds should be grown in pots, as they need protection in win

r the front of a border. They are not particular as to soil; they flower

ll grow in any good soil, but likes shade and moisture. It may be increased by dividing the

utting a little silver sand round each bulb before covering it with the soil. Shelter from cutting winds. The blossoms appear in July or August. Each bloom lasts only one day, but is succeeded on the next by fresh ones, so that a continuance of bloom is maintained. Protect them in winter with a covering

ants.-See

rong tobacco, in a pint of water. Apply with a

to harden off, and plant out as soon as fear of frost is over, in deeply-dug and moderately manured ground, against a south wall fully exposed to the sun. Train to a single stem and remove all lateral growths. When the plants are 3 or 4 ft. high pinch off the tops to prevent further growth and throw strength into the fruit. Watering should cease as soon as

t.-See "

ly.-See

ich soil. They may be increased by seed or division. T

See "Crambe

l it will flower in July. Height, 1 ft. There are other varieties of Tradescantia; t

little as possible. It should be done when the ground is wet, and preferably in the evening. In dry weather they should be well watered twelve hours before they are disturbed. Shade them from sun for one or two days. Cabbages, Lettuces, Cauliflower

grows best in a light soil, flowers in August, and is incre

vy, St. John's Wort (Hypericum Calyc

eous plants bloom in May. A rich,

tion of sand has been mixed. Confine the roots to a narrow compass by means of slates placed just beneath the surface of the soil. Let the

nial. It thrives in ordinary soil, puts forth its white flower

ial shade. The soil must be light and rich, yet moist. The plant does not increase very fast

slender stalks. It is used largely for edgings. It looks well in clumps on the front of

o 27 in. long. The crown of the plant should not be more than 1? in. in the soil, which should be dug deeply and mixed with rotted manure. In winter, if it is left in the ground, surround the plant with 2 in. of

loam, leaf-mould, and silver sand. Plunge the pots in ashes in a cold pit or frame, and keep them dry until the plants appear. When in full growth they may be removed to the conservatory, placing them near

very handsome foliage. It likes a light but moist soil, may be increased b

order. It may be raised from seed sown in the autumn, and grown on in

p?o

kable for a slender and graceful growth. Well a

onservatory or for outdoor culture. They may also be used for bedding if plant

slender and graceful,

uth wall. It is hardy, has rich abundant glauco

fences, festooning arches, etc. Plant at the beginning of October in an eastern aspect or at the

is quite hardy, and may b

us-rooted kinds should be taken up in winter and kept in sand till spring, when they may be planted in a sheltered part of the garden. The annual

ower.-See

foliage appears, when a moderate amount should be given. When the pots are full of roots, shift the plants into larger ones, and grow on in a house with a uniform high temperature and moist atmosphere. For a succession of bloom place the roots in

r bloom longest in a shady situation. As soon as the leaves begin to decay the bulbs may be taken up, dried, and stored away, keeping the colours separate. For pot-culture the single varieties are best. Put three bulbs in a 5-in. pot and six in a 6-in. one, and treat in the same manner as the Hyacinth. They may, if desired, be forced as soon as the shoots appear. When required to fill vases, etc., it is a good pla

treatment a

ard.-See "X

l at intervals of three weeks until the middle of July. For winter use sow Golden Ball, or other yellow-fleshed kinds, early in August. Thin each sowing out so that the bulbs stand 9 in. apart. To ensure sound, crisp, fleshy roots they require to be grown

dy perennial, flowering in January and February. It will gr

wer.-See

reen shrub likes a rich, sandy soil, and may be increased by cuttings

ted with an overhead screen in wet seasons. The soil it most enjoys is a mixture of peat and coarse sand. Its pro

wers from May to July. They succeed best in a light, sandy s