The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary / Section D and E

To divide into chapte

book, i. e., to demand chap

See Chapiter.] (Arc

.) One of the several species of fishes of the genus Salvelinus, allied to the spotted trout and salmon, inhabiting deep lake

car; a chariot

ness, fr. cerran, cyrran, to turn; akin to OS. k?rian, OHG. ch?ran, G. kehren. Cf. Chore,

one this chare,

till d

h

3d Char.] 1. To perform; to

he good wife said when sh

Prov

hew, as ston

the day, without being a regular

to perform (see Char, n.), the modern use coming from charcoal, prop. coal- turned, turned to coa

ly or partially;

A genus of flowerless plants, having articulated ste

c (#). [F.] A long, light, open vehicle,

e mark; a character; a letter

sings, characts

h

ng, character, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to make sharp, t

mark; a letter, f

hroughout the world but one sort of charact

ld

culiar form of letters used by a particular person o

haracter to be

h

thing is distinguished from others; the stamp impressed by nature, educat

ter or tha

lt

Ancient's pro

bject, scope

untry, geniu

o

horoughly subser

tl

independence; individuality; as,

s that control the life; as, a man of chara

ect to a certain office or duty; as, in the miserable character of a

person or thing; reputation; as, a man's character

s much mended since Seneca g

di

behavior, competency, etc.,

uliar or notable traits; a person who illustrates certain phases of chara

persons of a

ion is in the minds of others. Character is injured by temptations, and by wrongdoing; reputation by slanders, and libels. Character endures throughout defamation in every form, but per

t. [imp. & p. p.

ave; to in

s shall be

rks my thoughts

h

r marks or traits; to describe

. 24

racterizing.] A distinction of charact

to, or serving to constitute, the character; showing the character, or dis

tic clearne

aul

trait, quality, or property; an element o

ristics of a

hn

art (whether positive or

tic*al (?), a.

. In a characteristic manner;

(?), n. The act or pro

terizing.] [LL. characterizare, Gr. &?;: cf. F. charactériser.] 1. To make distinc

se, African, and Grecian

uth

r imprint. [Obs

the character o

lane he intended to cha

hn

tic of; to make, or ex

which characterize the men

Irv

guish; mark; designate; sty

e of any distinguishing quali

s of characterizing; a system of signs o

lowers for th

h

charactered; th

constru

ractery of

h

] A verbal or acted enigma based upon a word which has two or more significant syllables or parts, e

uncle. [Written also Cha

k spot or mark remaining in the cavity of the corner tooth o

disease of sheep, horses, and

d from vegetable or animal substances; esp., coal made by charring wood in a kiln, retort, etc., from

ed charcoal in small sticks,

es, and other substances. -- Charcoal drawing (Fine Arts), a drawing made with charcoal. See Charcoal, 2. Until within a few years this material has been used almost exclusively for preliminary outline, etc., but at present many finished drawings are made

.] 1. The tender leaves or leafstalks of the art

et, which produces large, su

. A narrow stre

chore; to chore

chargier, F. charger, fr. LL. carricare, fr. L. carrus wagon. Cf. Cargo, Caricature, C

t charged w

au

children's mem

ck

uct, or exhort with authority; to enjoin; to urge earnestly; as, to

ged you to love

. xx

rge thee, fling

h

se, or make subjec

ll be charged

e

rice; as, he charges two d

bit, as, to charge one with goods. Also, to enter upon t

ascribe; to lay

thy pen, but

th and neglig

yd

inst (a person or thing); to lay the responsibi

t wrong you c

nys

ery, the quantity it is intended and fitted to hold or bear; to load

cannon charged

h

o bear; as, to charge an archi

ges three roses or; to add to or represent on;

account; to c

e me to

h

n upon; to rush

r main bat

h

exhort; instruct; accuse; i

e an onset or rush; as, to

of antiquity, h

nvi

r the guns

nys

ice; as, to charg

account; as, to ch

d be still; -- a command gi

See Charge, v. t., and cf. Cargo, Caricature.]

intrusted to the care, custody, o

h are called the charge of the

thing, or place; office; responsib

rge to come unde

h

nxiety; trouble.

[Obs.]

andate or comman

cherge conce

m. xv

ontaining instruction or exhortation; as, the charge of

fense; allegation; indictment; sp

nding very different

ew

ty, as rents, taxes, lines, etc.; costs; e

emanded for a t

one party to another; that which is debited in a b

ch any apparatus, as a gun, battery, furnace, machine, etc., is intend

sudden onset or attack, as of troops, esp. cavalry; h

ore, gave the Romans a hot

ll

of the li

nys

fitted for attack; as, to b

sort of plast

bearing. See

f lead, each pig weighing about sev

ht; impo

e "as's" of

h

gnition of a charge of coarse powder in blasting. -- Charge and discharge (Equity Practice), the old mode or form of taking an account before a master in chanc

e; cost; price; assault; attack; onset; injunction; comm

, laid, imposed, or imputes; as, a duty cha

or responsible; as, revenues chargeable w

eate expense; co

ot be chargeabl

ess.

which are elegant, w

el

ality of being chargeable or

dv. At great cost;

, fr. charger to load.] Burdenso

sentative, or minister of an inferior grade, accredited by the government of one state to the minister of

, a. Costly; e

the gold and c

h

(?), n. A scho

Free from, or wi

?), a. Burde

argeous

(2 Cor

1. One who, or th

for measuring or

rge dis

hn Baptist's he

. xi

battle or par

every char

pbe

n. The office of a

a chary manner; careful

. The quality

See Car.] 1. (Antiq.) A two-wheeled car or v

chariots, afte

wp

sure or state carriage

rioted; p. pr. & vb. n. Charioting

t, covered, four-wheeled ple

ot*eer"

o drives

stellation. See Au

n power, as of healing, speaking foreign languages without i

), a. Of or perta

e (?), a.[F.

and good will; b

wicked or cha

ill speak

h

disposed to look on the best si

s to the poor; giving fre

ble men affo

h

or intended for, charity; relating to almsgivi

kindness; fav

construction it

And

t; generous; lenient; forgiving; he

quality of being charitab

adv. In a cha

ess, high regard, love, from carus dear, costly, loved; asin to Skr. k

rsal benevolen

harity, three; but the gre

r. xi

be envied, in whose hearts the

sk

ards none, with

nc

; a disposition which inclines men to put the bes

f charity is charity t

mins

uffering, to benevolent institution

g the charity of Dido to the T

yd

y on the needy or suffering for the

hen to refuse

str

ft to create and support such an ins

vises] including relief of the poor or friendless, e

hat soothe, and

t the feet of m

dsw

engaged in works of mercy, esp. in nursing the sick; -- a popula

will; affection; tenderness; ben

of discordant noises, made with kettles, ti

the house of any person of advanc

fr. charcoal.] Charcoal

. Charked (?).] To burn t

imitative origin; cf. It. zirlare to whistle like a thrush.] One who prates much in his own

. 24

r like a charlatan; making undue pretension; empirical

n. [Cf. F. charlata

t. ciarlataneria. See Charlatan.] Undue pretens

an. karlsvogn. See Churl, and Wain.] (Astron.) The group of seven stars, commonly calle

mes also applied t

Bot.) A cruciferous plant (Brassica sinapistrum) with yellow flowers; wild mustard. It

(Raphanus Raphanistrum) with straw-colored, whitish

made by lining a dish with slices of bread, and

lit., Russian charlotte] (Cookery), a dish composed

ion, for casmen, akin to Skr. ?asman, ?as, a laudatory song, from

m of earl

lt

to chant our

en

en in the practice of magic; a magical combina

h char

h

power to please and attract; that w

e sight, but mer

o

beauty's po

lt

d efficacy to the wearer in aver

as a seal, a key, a silver whistle, or the like.

; conjuration; enchantmen

& vb. n. Charming.] [Cf. F. charmer. See Charm,

ender pipes ma

en

n by incantation or supernatura

craft ch

h

secret power, or by that which gi

iercest gri

o

y; to delight exceedingly

heir mirth

jocund music

lt

able by, spells, charms, or supernat

own woe

ot find

h

pture; captivate; bewitch; allure;

agic arts or occult powe

rmers, charming

lvii

effect of, a charm; to plea

usical sound.

, n. [Heb.] A

to charmel, and charmel sh

17 (Douay

power to charm; one who uses the power of

hts and attracts

), n. An enchan

ding with charms. "His

or senses in a high degree; deli

g is divine

lt

uring; alluring; fascinating; delightful; pleasura

y, adv. -- Cha

Destitute of

o (?) }, n. A sort of s

fr. L. carnalis. See Carnal.] Containing the

he bones of the dead are deposited; originally, a place for th

harnel house; a

ud charnel o

ro

Erebus and Nox, whose office it was to ferry the souls of t

to pluck, fr. L. carpere. Cf. Carpet.] (Med.) Straight threads obt

l America, and the Western United States.] Jerked beef; beef

, n. See

n of the hemp plant (Cannabis s

arrus a certain weight

r.] Pertaining to charcoal,

. Charter.] 1. A sheet of paper, pasteboard, or the like, on which information is exh

er and the land which it surrounds, or by which it is surrounded, intended especially for

ten deed;

ercator's projection. See Projection. -- Plane chart, a representation of some part of the superficies of the globe, in which its spherical form is disregarded, the meridians being drawn parallel to e

.] To lay down in a chart; to map;

which instruments, books, etc., are written; parchment or paper. (b) A

See Charta.] Resembling paper or par

or fundamental law, of the French monarchy, as esta

im. of charta. See Chart, Card.] 1. A written evidence in due form of things done or

power of a state or country, executed in due f

r which was required of him. This famous deed, commonly called the "Great Charter," either gr

u

its powers and privileges. Also, an instrument in writing from the constituted authorit

ivilege, immuni

mot

arter to ext

s praise me,

h

the contract or instrument whereby a vessel is hired or let; as

partie, a divided charter; from the practice of cutting the instrument of contract in two, and giving one part to each of the contractors] (Com.), a mercantile lease of a vessel; a specific contract by which the owners of a vessel let the entire vessel, or some principal part

rtered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Chart

ter, as a ship. See Chart

hed by charter; having, or existing under

ncy of chart

lf

chartered

h

let by chart

ho charters; esp. one who

and charitable foundation in the building once us

t, n. Same

and (1838-48), which contended for universal suffrage, the vote by ballot, annual parliaments, equal

supporter or partisa

Without a chart;

; uncharted;

;), a., Char*tog"ra*phy (&?;), n., etc. Same a

aper + -mancy. Cf. Cartomancy.] Div

t + -meter.] An instrument f

tery; esp. La Grande Chartreuse, mother house of

illed from aromatic herbs; --

(?), n. [F.]

y (?), n. Se

(#). [See Char a chore.] A woman hi

care. See Care.] Careful; wary; cautious; not

ion made him more

ff

on the coast of Sicily opposite Scylla on the Italian c

able of being chased;

F. chasser, fr. (assumed) LL. captiare, fr. L. captare to strive to seize. See Catc

ich chased you

h

gists,

able through t

wp

move on; to drive by following; to cause to fly; --

less malice from prince to pr

ol

gerly, as hunte

ach other

nys

to hunt; as, to chase arou

se of killing or capturing, as of an enemy, or game; an earnest seeking after any objec

chase is ho

h

ch is pursu

eek thee out so

ust hunt this

h

properly, thus differing from a forest, which is not private propert

gure or otherwise; the spot where a ball falls, and between which and

r in defending the vessel when pursued. -- Chase port (Naut.), a porthole from which a chase gun is fired. --

Case a box.] (Print.) 1. A rectangular iron fra

the re?nforce or the trunnions to

he face of a wall; a trench, as

int is changed to a flush joint, by means of a gradually

1. To ornament (a surface of metal) by em

as to make a

or that which chases; a p

sp. in terms bow chaser and ste

chases or engraves. See

cutting or finishing screw threads, either ext

(?), n. S

tal by means of chasing tools; also, a pie

de. See Chaos.] 1. A deep opening made by disruption, as a brea

chasm which slanted

eri

a gap or break, a

ills up the ch

di

. Having gaps

rtaining to a chasm; abo

chasmy torrent'

dsw

. 24

of chasser to chase.] A movement in da

he movement called chassé; as, all

he village of Chasselas.] A whi

, A. A. Chassepot.] (Mil.) A kind of breechload

pursue.] 1. (Mil.) One of a body of light troops,

sons of rank or wealth,

ur who had annou

Irv

, or movable railway, along which the carriage of a barbette

. t. to chasten

L. castus pure, chaste; cf. Gr. k

ntercourse; virtuous; continen

defiled and cha

lt

lewdness and obscenity, or indecency in act or

ee from barbarisms or vulgarisms; refined; si

e, lofty, and eloquence,

aul

ied. [Obs

e; virtuous; continent

. Same as A

In a chaste mann

ier, fr. L. castigare to punish, chastise; castus pure + agere to lead, drive. See Chaste, Act, and cf. Castigate, Chastise.]

Lord loveth h

xii

om errors or fa

and enlarge the mind, an

ya

in order to produce a general change for the better in life or character. To punish is to inflict penalty for violation of law, disobedience to authority, or intenti

disciplined; refined; purifi

nished chast

nys

(?), n. One

?), n. 1. Cha

all that is meretricious, gaudy, or

ble or deserving of chastis

tien + ending -isen + modern -ise, -ize, L. - izare, Gr. -i`zein. See Chasten.] 1. To inflict pain upon, by mea

master is!

l chas

h

envy of the canting chemists

yl

ence; to correct or purify; to

l sense, by de

om

- See

act of chastising; pain inflicted for punish

ch dishonor m

s to give him

h

isement; I will no

xxxi

ho chastises; a punisher;

tiser of

rk

castus. See Chaste.] 1. The state of being chaste; pur

preserved her s

Car

ral p

eaven is sai

soul is fou

iveried ange

lt

life; celibacy.

ure & Art)

vestment worn by the priest in saying Mass, consisting, in the Roman Catholic Church, of a broad, flat, back piece, and a narrower front piece, the two connected over the shoulders only. The back has usu

ing.] [From Chatter. √22.] To talk in a light and familiar m

ile on their

yd

k; chatter; go

. To talk

familiar talk; co

, supply each

aughing, ogling

o

ies are the yellow-breasted chat (I. viridis), and the long-tailed chat (I. longicauda). In Eur

(Zo?l.) See

g, cone, or littl

ng) Small st

otatoes, such as are g

. [F. chateau a castle. See Castle.]

tleman's country seat; also, particularly, a royal residence;

for a fortified castle of the

tle in Spain, that is, a castle in the

ine chain.] An ornamental hook, or brooch worn by a lady at her waist, and having a short chain o

telet, dim. of chateau. Se

n. [F. chatellenie.

.] (Zo?l.) A small South American

chat cat.] (Min.) Having a changeable, varying luster, or color

's-eye, which presents on a polished surface, a

Chatoyant.] Changeableness of color, as

y item of movable or immovable property except the freehold, or the things

e, as goods, plate, money; real are such rights in land as are

e on personal property, as distin

r condition of holding chattel

ring.] [Of imitative origin. Cf. Chat, v. i. Chitter.] 1. To utter soun

nswer, as the m

dsw

sly, or with undue rapid

and charm her c

h

noise by rapi

teeth, and brist

yd

utter rapidly, id

less note apa

en

a magpie or monkey; idle talk; rapi

but idle and

gfe

llision of the teet

n. The act or habit o

n. 1. A prater;

emion chatterer (Ampelis garrulus) inhabits the arctic regions of both continents. In A

rapidly, or of making inarticulate sounds; the sounds s

lity of being chatty, or of

light, familiar talk; tal

A porous earthen pot used in

e stick + wood.] Little sticks;

] (Law) The killing of a person in an affray, in the heat of blood, and while under the influence of pa

), n. See Ch

eat. See Chafe.] (Chem.) A table stove or small furnace, usually a cyl

), n. See Cha

. A gap. [Ob

i. To open; t

un thy

rs

, n. & v.

et seller of ballads and ot

icky dealer or hor

e chaunter; h

ck

a bagpipe. See

, n. See Chantry

a lynxlike animal of Asia

e body below the waist, worn in Europe throughout the Middle Ages; appli

n. [F.] A foot co

hreatening displays of his attachment to his fallen chief, Napoleon I., in 1815.] Blind and absurd de

n. -- Chau`vin*

haracter of the latter quality to be wildly extravagant, to be fretful and childish and si

[Cf. Cheven.] (Zo?

wing.] [See Chew.] 1. To grind with the teeth; to masticate,

eed, with gold a

amy bit, there

rr

onsider; to keep the mind worki

good use, but now

As much as is put in the mouth

] The jaw. [

mpkin; a lout. (Law) -- Ch

ts, bowels, LL. calduna intestine, W. coluddyn gut, dim. of coludd

denlandia umbellata, native in India, which yieds

period of the American Lower Silurian system; -- so named from a

p purchase, G. kauf, Icel. kaup bargain. Cf. Cheapen, Chapman,

d have bought me lights as good cheap

h

arché, à bon marché. See Cheap, n., Cheapen.] 1. Having a low price in market

s to a few buyers, there the t

ck

vely small valu

ap in every

yd

rmed probably by the catachrestical t

v. Cheapl

buy; to bargain.

. 24

n, to trade, buy, sell, AS. ceápian; akin to D. koopen to buy, G. kaufen, Icel. kaupa, Goth. kaupn

apen goods, bu

if

n the price of; to lessen the

d love has

yd

(?), n. One

n` (?), } n. A seller of low-p

l price; at a low value; in

in price, considering the

. & v. [Obs.

; delusion; artifice; trick; swindl

Cheating.] [See Cheat, n., Escheat.] 1. To deceive

orcerer, that by his cunning

h

uile. Sir

nter of its

Irv

; circumvent; beguile; mislead; dupe; swindle; defr

ce fraud or trickery;

goods, chattels.] Wheat, or brea

purest

kneaded, and su

ap

, a. Capable of

, n. Capability

), n. 1. On

heator. [

tts where such vessels were built.] (Naut.) A narrow-sterned boat formerly much u

n. (Naut.)

.] (Zo?l.) A small American bird (Emp

hah, and cf. Checkmate, Chess, Checker.] 1. (Chess) A word of warning denoting that the king is in danger; such a menace of a player's king by an adversary'

mpeded progress; arrest; stop; del

e check to the first p

di

stay, this st

dsw

or limits action; an obstacl

the administrati

hin

no check

aul

r a thing or person may be identified; as, checks placed against items

nk or banker to pay money as ther

the patten of a checkerboard; one of the squares

g by a hawk of its proper

chick o

saddle of a harness, over which a checkrein is looped. -- Check list, a list or catalogue by which things may be verified, or on which they may be checked. -- Check nut (Mech.), a secondary nut, screwi

; reprimand; censure; rebuke; reproof; repulse; rebuf

checking.] 1. (Chess) To make a move which puts an adv

upon; to stop temporarily; to

retard the headlong course

rk

istinguish by a check; to put a mark against (an item) after comparing with an original

e, rebuke,

is master, will

h

ase off, as a brace whic

ks in; to cause to crack;

ss; control; hinder; impede; obstruct; i

o make a stop; to

wer, either is disabled for the future, or else

ck

or interfere

s a curb or

ce] checks too

yd

d in drying; or to crack in smal

in pursuit of proper game,

aggard, check

es befor

h

ckered; desig

checking; as, the checkage of

t, to which attention is c

om Check, v. t.]

om OF. eschequier a chessboard, F. échiquier. See Check, n., and cf. 3d Checker.] 1. To

ies, colors, scenes, or events; esp., to subject t

were, checkered wit

di

. eschequier. Se

he game of drau

in checks; a

ecker

s also writ

lant and its bright red berry; the wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens

sixty-four squares of alternate color,

with alternate squares or check

the check

lt

a marked manner, as in appearanc

ckered n

aul

rboard by two persons, each having twelve men (counters or checkers) which are moved diagona

sting of or showing checkers varied

ate of varied

erwork of Providenc

F

(?), n. 1. Ci

eather. [Ob

at can not be che

ad. The king, when made prisoner, or checkmated, is assumed to be dead, and the game is finished. See Chess.]

heck; utter def

Chess) To check (an adversary's king) in such a manner that escape in impossible;

pletely; to term

and control m

o

er the check hook to prevent a horse from low

ing rein of one horse of a span or p

of servants in a household;

hich a person in a carriage or ho

e so as to form alternate squar

ng squares of two tinctures; -- said of the field or o

ing to, or made at, Cheddar, i

cf. Goth. kukjan to kiss, D. kaak cheek; perh. akin to

k bone. [Ob

work, which form corresponding sides, or which are similar and in pai

nches of a bri

can be moved laterally, to permit the removal of t

ce; assurance; i

ch (Zo?l.), a sacklike dilation of the cheeks of certain monkeys and rodents, used for holding food. -- Cheeks of a block, the two sides of the shell of a tackle block. -- C

To be impudent or

heek; -- used in composition.

n-faced; impuden

p. Cheeped (chpt).] [Cf. Chi

ve expression to i

tter twenty m

nys

ep, or squeak, as of

ace, Gr. ka`ra head; akin to Skr. ?iras, L. cerebrum brain, G. hirn, and E. cranium.]

irit; state of

good

. ix

. fled away wi

ll

th; cheerfulne

that alacri

ind, that I wa

h

ulness; provisions prepared for a feast; ente

mation, expressing joy enthu

hundering chee

nys

ou fare? What is the

vb. n. cheering.] 1. To cause to rejoice; to gl

nimation, or hope, into; to i

amed, the peni

yd

heers; to urge on by cheers; a

assing ship by cheers of sai

irit; comfort; console; enliven; re

erful; to become gladsome o

ee my gloomy s

Phi

state or tempe

'st thou,

h

t or shouts of app

he ranks o

re forbea

aul

that which, gladdens. "Thou cheerer of our da

pirits or joy; cheering; cheery; contented

a cheerful

h

l birds of

t sweet

en

fidence in the

aul

applause and

h

gleeful; blithe; airy; sprightly; jocund; jolly;

v. In a cheerful

pirits; a state of modera

), adv. In a

n. The state o

dv. In a manner to

s, n. Cheerf

hat is not to be seasoned an

lt

ithout joy, glad

y, adv. -- Chee

is turned to c

en

ss; dispiriting; dicsconsolate

a. Gay; cheerf

Cheerily. [Ar

lively; gay; bright; plea

y, where the sunshine

tho

. 24

Casein.] 1. The curd of milk, coagulated usually with rennet, separ

ound apples, pressed toget

nous fruit of the dwarf mallow

orm assumed by a woman's dress when she stoops after exten

-- Cheese mite (Zo?l.), a minute mite (Tryoglyhus siro) in cheese and other articles of food. -- Cheese press, a press used in making cheese, to separate the whey from the curd, and to press the curd into a mold. -- Cheese rennet (Bot.),

f. Keslop.] A bag in

n. One who deals i

of the rind of a cheese. -- a. Scrim

, n. The quality

e, qualities, taste, form, consi

n?lurus jubatus) tamed and used for hunting in India. The wool

[F.] 1. A chief

rge establishment, as

) Same a

d'?uvre (#). [F.] A masterpiece; a c

Cheg"re (?) }

ess of forming an artificial tip or part of a lip, by using for the

?), n. [NL.] (Zo?

n. (Zo?l.) One o

) An order of mammalia, including the bats, having four toes of each of the anterior limb

(Zo?l.) Belonging to the

[NL., fr. Gr. &?; hand + &?;; &?; wing, fin.] (Anat.) Th

&?; knowledge.] The art of reading ch

os"o*phis

nct animals, so named from fossil footprints rudely resembling impressions of the human ha

), n. See Ciclatou

fabric of silk and cotton,

fr. Gr. chhlh` claw.] (Zo?l.) The pinch

. (Zo?l.) Same

obtained from the celandine, and named from the red color of its salts. It is a colorless cr

ne of the anterior pair of mouth organs, terminated by a pincherlike claw, in scorpions and allied Ar

r. chelidw`n.] (Anat.) The hol

dine.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to

d from the celandine (Chelidonium maj

A small stone taken from the gizzard of a young

lh` claw + -fer.] (Zo?l.) S

h` claw + -ferous.] (Zo?l.) Havi

t or finger closing against a preceding joint or a projecting part of it, so

he corolla.] (Bot.) A genus of hardy perennial flowering plants, of the order Scrophula

tortoises and turtles, peculiar in having a part of the vertebr?, ribs, and sternum united with the dermal pl

pertaining to animals of the tortoi

; tail.] (Zo?l.) A genus of marine amphipod crusta

. A claw. See

henistry.] 1. A chemis

A solution of c

Chemical.

uced by the forces and operations of chemistry; employed in the p

n or affinity. See

e used for producing a ch

to chemical principles; by c

emical + &?; to engrave.] E

or women, consisting of chemise

rt, thin dress; cf. G. hemd, or OIr. caimmse sort of garme

nes the face of a

] An under-garment, worn by women, usually

elementary substance whereby they unite to form chemical compounds; chemical attaction;

A person versed in chemistry or given to chemical investig

ce of alterations in the constitution of the molecules, which depend upon variations of the number, kind, or mode of arrangement, of the constituent atoms. These atoms are not assumed

wth of alchemy (or alchemistry), wit

o the consideration of some particular subject; a

tise on c

nstead of e, in the first syllable, chymistry, chymist, chymical, etc., or chimistr

e between organic and inorganic chemistry. -- Physiological chemistry, the chemistry of the organs and tissues of the body, and of the various physiological processes incident to life. -- Practical chemistry, or Applied chemistry, that which treats of the modes of manufacturing the products of chemistry that

of processes by which an impression from an engraved plate is obtain

etimes applied to the decomposition of organic substance into mo

osmosis.] Chemical action taking pl

Pertaining to, or produ

in America, so named from the Chemung River, along which the rocks are well developed

chinese reed instrument, wi

rd, of silk or worsted, for the trimming of ladies' dresses,

ld goose + &?; form.] (Zo?l.) An order of birds, inclu

. (Zo?l.) The European

hk), n. S

r), n. & v. Sa

"), n. A coin. S

n. (Her.) S

hr"f), n.

1. A small downy-leaved tree (Anona Cherimolia)

culent, dark purple, and similar to

rising.] [F. chérir, fr. cher dear, fr. L. carus. See Caress, Finish.] 1. To

ou, even as a nurse ch

ss. i

to indulge; to encourage; to foster; to p

virtue an

rk

nurture; entertain; encourage; comf

r"sh*r), n. One

r of my fles

h

, n. Encouragemen

and dear c

en

(?), n. S

yllus, Gr. &?;; &?; a young swin

y inhabiting the region about the head waters of the Tennessee River. They are now mostly se

kind of cigar, originally brought from Manila, in the Philipp

des the plum) bearing a fleshy drupe with a bony stone; (a) The common garden cherry (Prunus Cerasus), of which several hundred varieties are cultivated for the fruit, some of which are, the begarreau, blackheart, black Tartarian, oxheart, morelle or morello

rry tree, a drupe of va

ree, esp. of the black cherry

ade of red, like

ro- cerasus) common in shrubberies, the poisonous leaves of which have a flavor like that of bitter almonds. -- Cherry pepper (Bot.), a species of Capsicum (C. cerasiforme), with small, scarlet, intensely piquant cherry-shaped fruit. -- Cherry pit. (a) A child's play, in which cherries are thrown into

. 24

herry in color; ruddy; blooming;

; a tract of land nearly surrounded by water, but united to a larger tract by a neck of l

n to E. crag.] (Min.) An impure, massive, fl

ike chert; contai

is also used. [Heb. kerb.] 1. A mysterious composite being, the winge

they were

. x.

n a cherub

xvii

orm used in connection with the mercy seat

ubim have been shown as blue, to denote knowledge, as distinguished from the seraphim (s

ed because artists have represen

} a. Of or pertaining to cherubs; a

he Hebrew plural of

rrect form, made by adding the English plural termination to

a. Cherubic; ang

. A cherub. [

ke a short, shrill, cheerful sound; to chir

by making a short, shrill, cheerfu

risk ear-ere

wp

eerful noise; a chirp; a chirr

rejoice + &?; leaf.] (Bot.) A plant (Anthriscus cerefolium) with pinnately divide

t. of Chese.

t. To choose [

(?), n. S

(Zo?l.) The wood

a chessboard, by two persons, with two differently colored sets of men, sixteen in each set. Ea

neously regarded as degenerate or changed wheat; it bears a very slight resemblance to oats, and if reaped and ground up wi

grass are called uprigh

The wild service of Eu

f chess, having eight rows of alternate light and

and the checker

oden mold in which chee

Mil.) The platforms, consisting of two or more planks doweled to

mes used. "Each chess consis

, AS. ceosel gravel, sand.]

Chessmen (#). A piece u

Chisley.] Mellow ear

aut.) A piece of oak bolted perpendicularly on the side of a vess

zurite, found in fine crystallization at C

r. ki`sth. Cf. Cist, Cistern.] 1. A large box of wood, or other material,

ey crowded i

yd

offin.

d and mailed

au

inclosed by the ribs and

s tea, opium, etc., are transported; hence

r holding gas, steam, liquids, etc.; as, the ste

Chest of drawers, a case or m

p. p. Chested.] 1. To dep

e in a cof

and is

26 (he

Strife; contention; contr

hest; -- in composition; as, b

variety of feldspar found in crystals

n. The chestn

lane, assch,

au

ion of the muscles of the breast and fore legs

oth the AS. and the F. words coming from L. castanea a chestnut, Gr. ka`stanon, fr. Ka`stana a city of Pontus, where chestnut trees grew in abundance, and whence they were in

coarse- grained timber, used for

wn color, like

stnut (often so

plates on the inner sides of the l

joke or st

a tree that b

a chestnut; of a reddish bro

), n. (Zo?l.)

easure of grain equal to 0.7218 of an imperial

?), n. See Chi

vj), n. See C

vaux (- v"). [F. See Cavalcade.]

in a frame, and large enough t

, where it was first used.] (Mil.) A piece of timber or an iron barrel traversed with iron-pointed spikes or

chain, boom, and

Irv

See Cavaller.] 1. A horseman; a knight; a galla

certain order

-- The Chevalier St. George (Eng. Hist.), James Francis Edward Stuart (son of James II.), calle

she*v"), n. p

come to an issue; to turn out; to succeed; as, to c

. [F., head of hair.

d chevelure of

W. He

. Cf. Chavender.] (Zo?l.) A rive

A variant of Chieft

hevre goat, fr. L. capra. See Caper, v. i.] Soft leather mad

hat stretches from an inc

h

Made of cheveri

science and a

ay

To make as pliable as kid

f head. See Chief.] (Arch.) The extreme end of the ch

of mountain sheep in Scotland, which

abric, for me

e, fr. chevircome to an end, perform, fr. chef h

t; deed; perf

foe of famo

en

ofit; gain. [Obs

contract; an agreement about a matter in dispute, such as a d

L. capra. Cf. Chevron.] (Mil.) A machine for

il.] 1. (Her.) One of the nine honorable ordinaries, consisting of two broad bands of the width of the

above the elbow, on the sleeve of

, or group of moldings, com

subvertebral arches which inclose the

chevron; decorated with an orna

their bases, were of watchet cloth of

Jon

A bearing like a chevron,

n the manner of a chevron; as, th

hevre goat. See Chevron.] (Zo?l.) A small ruminant of the family Tragulid? a

. See Chivy, v.

d about among the casks in

on T

. Chewing.] [As ceówan, akin to D. kauwen, G. kauen. Cf. Ch

e mentally; t

nge, abjuring

io

food over again, as a cow; to

eth the cleft into two claws, and cheweth t

. xx

n of biting and grinding with th

ians chew w

o

d; that which is held in the

), n. One

A kind of me

throphthalmus) of the Finch family, so called from it

elated to the blackfeet, formerly inhabiting the region of Wyoming, but now most

island Chios, Gr. &?;.] Of or pertainin

ly as an astringent and a cosmetic. -- Chian turpentine, a fragrant,

ter who cares for and studies li

dark parts in a work of art, such as a drawing or painting, whether in monochrome or in color. (b) The art

es placed crosswise, fr. &?; to mark with a χ.] (Anat.) A commissure; especially, t

chia`zein. See Chiasm.] (Rhet.) An inversion of the order of words or

to bless

e or ha

let useful s

ce in si

ig

. 24

of the cross cuts of its crystals to the Greek letter χ.] (Min.) A variety of andalusite; -- called also macle.

), n. (Bot.

sh pipe, usually with a mouthpiece of amber, a stem, four or five feet

[F.] Good form;

tracted from the Bignonia Chica, used by some tr

eer made in South American

South American dance, said to be

chaugn club or bat; or possibly ultimated fr. L. ciccus a trible.] The use of artful subterfuge, designed to draw away attention f

from them

rk

ne, I propound it fairl

kel

er. See Chicane, n.] To use shi

F. chicaneur.] One who

nfair artifice to perplex a cause and obscure t

y perpetual

ll

ery; sophistr

(?), n. S

che, pois chiche, a dwarf pea, from L. ci

?), n. [Sp.

A fabulous cow of enormous size, whose food was patien

ling.] (Bot.) A leguminous plant (Lathyrus sativus), wit

yke, chicken.] To sprout, as seed i

n. 1. A

person; -- a term

ken; a fowl; also, a trivial

the blackcap titmouse (Parus atricapillus

merican red squirrel (Sciurus Huds

ndians (Southern Appalachian) allied to the Choctaws. They formerly occupied the

LG. kiken, küken, D. Kieken, kuiken, G. küchkein. See Cock th

sp. a young woman; a maiden.

ed because first studied during the prevalence of a choler

rrow, projecting chest, caused by forw

?), a. Timid; fearf

, eruptive disease, generally at

n. [Chick + -ling.] A

guminous plant (Cicer arietinum) of Asia, Africa, and t

especially, when roasted (parched pulse), a

yllaceous weeds, especially Stellaria media, the seeds an

- used as a diminutive or pet n

(Bot.) A branching perennial plant (Cichorium Intybus) with bright blue flowers, growing wild in Europe,

h is roasted for

hidden (?), Chid; p. pr. & vb. n. Chiding.] [AS. cdan; of unknown

chid, and

h

noisy about; to

chides the ba

h

ide away, to cause to come, or to

eprove; scold; censure; rep

disapprobation and displeasure;

people did chi

xvii

clamorous noi

k againts the

h

d] A continuous

de of s

om

One who chides o

n. She who

[Chide + -ster.] A

dv. In a chiding o

tain, Chapter] 1. The head or leader of any body of men; a commander, as of an army; a head man, as of a t

part; the most

ings which should b

m. x

ield. It is supposed to be composed of

ef. (b) (Eng. Law) From the king, or sovereign; a

more usually applied to one who is a head man, leader, or commander in civil or military affairs, or holds a hereditary or acquired rank in a tribe or clan; as, the chief of police; the chief of an Indian tribe. A chieftain is the chief of a clan or tribe , or a military leader. A comma

e or rank; principal; head. "

inguished; having most influence; taking the lead; most importan

ate, near, or

separateth c

. xv

; paramount; supreme; prime; vital; es

See Chief.] A tribute by the head; a capitation

Law) The presiding judge

st or foremost; chief; principal. [Ar

st among t

cles

biting the summits of the Rocky Mountains; -- also called crying

rabbit, but belongs to th

presiding justice, or pri

Justice. The highest judicial officer of the realm is the Lord High Chancellor. -- Chief Justice of th

hip, n. The offic

usticeship as most in ac

Cent

a. Without a c

first place; principally; pre

is garden; leave

e those two fair

lt

e most pa

where the . . . estates of

if

l rent paid to the lord

e, LL. capitanus, fr. L. caput head. Cf. Captain, and see chief.] A cap

ommander; leader

in*ship, } n. The rank, digni

té. See Charity.] Love; te

, fr. chevir to accomplish. See Chevisance.] An unlawful bargai

. i. See Chev

(Zo?l.) A species of European warbler (Sylvia hipp

er, fem. chiffonnière, fr. chiffon rag, fr. chiffe a rag, flimsy

acle for ra

oset or piece of furniture wit

ne chain, fr. L. catena Cf. Chain.] A knot, boss, or mass of hai

ad strayed fr

Jam

n the West Indies and South America, which often attacks the feet or any exposed part of the human body, and burrowing beneath the skin produces great irritation. When

usly given to certain mites o

antelope (Tragops Bennettii) of India. (b) The In

matory swelling, produced by exposure of the feet or hands to

t. To produce

with child.] 1. A son or a daughter; a male or female descendant, in the first degree; the immed

used esp. in the plural; as, the chi

f, another; one closely connected with a place, occupation, character, etc.; as, a child of

h. See Childe.

; hence, one who exhibits the characteristics of a very young perso

stood as a child, I thought as a child; but w

r. xi

ale infa

a child,

h

gnant. - - Child's play, li

ded; p. pr. & vb. n. Childing.]

Genissa chi

rn

in two days the

ti

producing or bringing forth chil

a woman bringing forth a child,

of bringing forth a child;

noise made by children affected with spa

name by the oldest son, until he succeeded to his a

. Furnished wit

A day (December 28) observed by mass or festival in commemoration of the

. 24

, and -hood.] 1. The state of being a child; the time in which pe

before you fro

m. xi

taken colle

ned childhood

W.

ncement; the

dhood of

h

tate of being feeble an

. i.] Bearing Children; (Fig.)

, befitting, or resembling, a chil

e; trifli

in her countenance is rat

di

ho are grown up, is in a disparag

er of a child; in a trifling w

lity of being childish; simplicity;

n. The state of

ich belongs to children; becoming a child; meek;

, is commonly in a good sense; as, childl

ter of a child; belonging, or

Like a child.

aracteristic of a child. [Ob

(?), n.; p

state or relation

A kind of red pepper. See Capsicu

sand.] A thousand; the aggregate of a thousand

seventh chiliad, will

T.

housand + &?; angle.] A plane figure o

; base, fr. &?; to sit.] A figure bounded by a t

rtaining to Chili. -- n. A

?;, &?;; &?; a thousand + &?; leader, &?; to l

&?;.] A body consisting o

&?;, fr. &?;. See Chil

sonal reign of Christ on e

who believes in the second coming of Christ to

"The obstruction offered by the c

elan, calan, to be cold; akin to D. kil cold, coldness,

a disagreeable sensation of coolness, accompani

pale skin, and blue lips, caused by undue cooling of the body or by nervous excit

th of feeling; discouragement; a

cool rapidly, and so to harden, the surface of

a casting, as the trea

fever, fev

cold; tending to cause

, and blastin

lt

old. "My veins a

eeling, etc.; lacking enthusiasm or warmt

ng; depressin

vb. n. Chilling.] 1. To strike with a chill; to ma

er chille

dsm

r warmth of feeling of;

od chills the gaye

ge

ge of crystallization at or near the surface of,

y sudden cooling while solidifying; as, some kinds

he surface or edge by chilling;

udiness or dimness of surfa

(?), n.

r sensation of being chilly; a di

; disagreeable coldness or rawne

ity; lack

depressing; discouraging; cold; distant;

l"ing"l

Coolness; col

illness that pr

gfe

damp so as to cause shivering; causing or feeling

(Zo?l.) A myriapod of

f the two principal orders of myriapods. They have numerous segments, each beari

r. &?; lip. See -oma.] (Zo?l.) The tumid u

Zo?l.) A myriapod of

s. They have a single pair of elongated legs attached laterally to each segment; well developed jaws; and a pair of thora

(Zo?l.) An extensive suborder of marine Bryozoa, mostly with calcareous shells. They have

a. (Zo?l.) Of or pertai

A tract of crown land in Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire, England, to which is attached the nominal office of steward. As m

ral species, belonging to the order Holocephali. The teeth are few and larg

ra + old.] (Zo?l.) Related

A south American carrion buzzard

in to D. kim, f. Sw. kim., G. kimme f.] The edge of a ca

. Chime. [O

[See Chimb.] S

alectic form, chymble, F. cymbale, L. cymbalum, fr. Gr. ky`mbalon. See

that made me

lt

, the music performed on such a set of bells by hand, or produced by

d the chimes

h

proportion, relation, or sou

pr. & vb. n. Chiming.] [See Chime, n.] 1

e; to suit; to harmonize; to

imed in with

irv

to express assent; -- follow

ondence of sounds; to jin

n harmony; to play a tune, as upon a se

heir soundi

yd

oniously; to rec

s childi

ro

), n. One

; he-goat; cf. Icel. qymbr a yearling ewe.] 1. (Myth.) A monster represented as vomiting flames, and as having

ancy, or creature of the imagination

t made of sheepskins, a sheepskin, perh. from Ar. sammr the Scythian weasel or marten, the sable

(?), a. C

c; wildly or vainly conceived; having, or capable of havin

; fantastic; wild; unfounde

, adv. Wildy; va

chemin way, road.] (Old Law) A toll for

ata, fr. L. caminus furnace, fireplace, Gr. &?; furnace

ight tube or flue of brick or stone, in most cases extending through o

ottage chim

lt

around a flame, as of a lamp, to cr

ly of elongated form, extendin

reside. -- Chimney hook, a hook for holding pats and kettles over a fire, -- Chimney money, hearth money, a duty formerly paid in England for each chimney. -- Chimney pot (Arch.), a cylinder of earthenware or sheet metal placed at the top of a chimney which rises above the ro

of a chimney from the wall in which it is built; -- commonl

) A decorative construction ar

Zo?l.) An african ape (Anthropithecus troglodytes or Troglodytes niger) which approaches more nearl

Dan. & Sw. kind, L. gena, Gr. &?;; cf. Skr. hanu. √232.] 1. The low

urface embraced between the branch

1. A country

he modern popular term fo

ax (S. China, from the East Indies; -- formerly much esteemed for the purposes that sarsaparilla is now used for. Also the galanga root (from Alpinia Gallanga and Alpinia officinarum). -- China rose. (Bot.) (a) A popular name for several free-blooming varieties of rose derived from the Rosa Indica, and perhaps other species. (b) A flowering hothouse plant (Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis) of

. 24

chinium quinine + aldehyde

Chinamen (&?;). A nati

(?), n. Se

e, fr. L. cimex.] 1. (Zo?l.) T

very destructive to grass, wheat, and other grains; -- also called chini

lla.] (Zo?l.) A south America

e miserly.] Parsimonious;

?), n. Penurio

is skarsete a

uc

a), of the size of a large squirrel, remarkable for its fine fur, which

r of the

g-napped, tufte

), Chin*co"na (?

laughter, Scot. kink a violent fit of coughing, akin to M

e; as, Shanklin Chine in the Isle of Wight, a quarter of a mile long

enbein shin. For the meaning cf. L. spina thorn, prickle, or spine, the backbone. Cf. Shin.] 1. The

imal, with the adjoining parts, cut

formed by the projecting ends of the

(?).] 1. To cut through the back

ends of a stave a

or having, a chine, or backbone;

in the b

ined, g

u.

or pertaining to Chin

hite, waxlike substance brought from China. It is the bleached secreti

ves of China, or one of that yellow race with

age of China, whic

ral by the contemporaries

o Goth. Keinan to sprout, G. keimen. Cf. Chit.] A small cleft, rent, or fiss

less chink, in a

the dewy mo

aul

hinked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.

cause to open in

e chinks of; as,

short, sharp sound, as of metal struck with a sl

To leave his chink to be

und, as coins, small pieces of metal, etc., by br

sound, as by the collision of little pieces of

ks or fissures; gaping; open

chin; -- used chiefly in c

ine (cf. G. & F. china Peruvian bark)

uinine (see Chinoldine) + L. oleum

m quinine (see Chinoidine.)

dians now living in the state of Washington, noted for the custom

nooks, sometimes experienced on the slope of the Ro

of which is from that of the Chinooks) generally understood by all t

pumila) of North America, from six to twenty feet high, allied to the chestnu

ble acorns. -- Western Chinquapin, an evergreen shrub or tree (Castanopes chrysophylla)

Chinsing.] (Naut.) To thrust oakum into (seams or chinks) with a c

n, a light c

oth, chnt spot.] Cotton cloth, printed with flowers and other de

?), n. Same a

ippen to cut off the edge, to clip, pare. Cf. Chop to cut.] 1. To cut small pieces f

a portion of, as of an eggshell i

ith chips in th

o a fund; to share in the risks

reak or fly off

or other substance, separated by a

piece broken of

o slips, or straw plaited in a speci

thered, or without flavo

nters used in pok

ular piece of wood at

hat, a bonnet or a hat made of Chip. See Chip, n., 3. -- A chip off the old block, a child who resembles eit

es called the striped squirrel, chipping squirrel, ground squirrel, hackee. The common specie

heep, Chirp.] To chirp or

ely; cheerful; t

tribe of Indians formerly inhabiting the northern and w

piece separated by a cutting or

small pieces, as in dressing iron with a chisel

l pieces of the edges of po

d` (?). (Zo?l

uir"rel (?).

ng in, or resembling, c

la socialis), very common near dwelling; -- also called

aut.) A ship's c

Gr. &?;; &?; hand + &?; seiz

he gout in the hand, or subject

irayta) found in Northern India, having medicinal propert

Creak.] 1. To shriek; to gnash; to

irkyng was tha

eu

ike a bird. [

enliven; as, to chirk on

.] Lively; cheerful; in goo

o cry out. √24 Cf. Chirp.] To chirp or to m

; understanding.] The art of judging charac

ed twice on the same piece of parchment, with a space between, in which was written the word chirographum, through which the parchment was cut, and one par

e who practice the art or bus

hirograp

aw), an officer in the court of c

ro*graph"ic*al (?) } a. Of

n. 1. A chirographer;

fortunes by exa

of writing or engrossing; handwr

ling fortunes by

trainer of athletes, gymnast.] A mechanical con

l (?), a. Relat

communicates thoughts by signs

alphabet or of communicating thoughts by sings made by the hands and fingers; a substitu

n. One who practices

ractice of foretelling events, or of telling the fortunes or

i"ro*man`tist (?) } n. [

ro*man"tic*al (?) } a. Of

(?), a. Relati

+ &?; to manage.] The art of moving the han

nd + &?; to shape.] (Mus.) An instrument to guid the ha

, foot.] One who treats diseases of the hands and

art of treating disease

i`r hand + &?; skillful, wise.

ng.] [Of imitative orgin. Cf. Chirk, Chipper, Cheep, Chirm, Chirru

as of a bird or insect. "The

One who chirps,

, a. Cheering

rping pint, he c

o

adv. In a ch

AS. corian to murmur, complain.

?); p. pr. & vb. n. Chirruping.] [See Chirp.]

. i. To chi

chirrups on

dsm

he act of chir

s' chirrup

nys

a. Cheerful;

, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; working or operating with the hand;

, adv. Surgical

ee Chirurgeon, and cf. S

uerurgical, L. Chirurgicus, Gr. &?;. See Chirurgeon, and cf

. 25

of caedere to cut. Cf. Scissors.] A tool with a cutting edge on one end of a metal blade, used in

l. See und

b. n. Chiseling, or Chiselling.] [Cf. F. ciseler.] 1. To cut, pare, gouge

as in a bargain;

the Jewish ecclesiastical year, answering t

. Cf. Chessom.] Having a large admixture of sma

to yawn. See Chink a cleft.] 1. The embryo or the growing bud of a p

d chit; also, a young, small, or

chit of

cke

e on the body, a

used in cleavi

To shoot out

t in seven hours after

tim

f Chide. Chideth

by way of reduplication.] Fami

substance forming the harder part of the outer integument of i

), n. The process of

he nature of chitin; consist

e 1).] 1. An under garment among the ancient

ollusks, with a shell composed of eight

.] 1. To chirp in a tremulous ma

chatter with col

a shirt, which when ironed out resembled the sm

th. qitus, belly, womb, stomach, G. kutteln chitterlings.] (C

ve Indian name.] (Zo?l.)

. 1. Full of c

h; like a

of the same origin as E. cavalcade.] A cavalry r

hivalry.] Relating to chiv

r. See Chivalry.] Pertaining to chivalry or knight-errantry; wa

uit of chival

en

n a chivalrous manner;

ier, and cf. Cavalry.] 1. A body or order of cavaliers or knights serving on horse

is l

chivalry of

brav

h

e spirit, usages, or manners of knighthood

cter of knights, as valor, dex

our Troy this

worth and si

h

by the condition of a knight's performing service on horseback

[Obs.] Sir

ble and earl marshal of England as judges, having cognizance of cont

t.) A filament of

.] (Bot.) A perennial plant (Allium Sch?noprasum), allied to the on

pr. & vb. n. Chivying.] [Cf. Chevy.] To goad, dr

n a military cloak. See Chlamys.] (Zo?l.) Havi

edentate (Chlamyphorus truncatus, and C. retusus) allied to the armadillo. It is c

s (#). [L., from Gr. &?;.] A loose and flowing outer

(Med.) A cutaneous affection characterized b

oily liquid, CCl3.CHO, of a pungent odor and harsh taste, obta

) Chlora

by treating chloral with water. It produces sleep when ta

ide.] (Chem.) A compound of chloral a

bid condition of the system resul

n impure aqueous solution of chloride of alum

e substance, C6Cl4.O2, regarded as a derivative of quinone, obtained

See Chlorine.] (Chem.) A salt of chl

[Chlorine + aurate.] (

orine + hydrogen + -ic.] (

ed from certain polybasic alcohols (and especially glycerin) b

rine; -- said of those compounds of chlorine in which this element has

thylene dichloride. See

th a chloride, as a plate with chloride of sil

d of chlorine with another element or radi

ubstance, CaOCl2, used in bleaching and disinfecting; -- called more properly calcium hypoch

r pertaining to a chlori

(?), v. t. Se

y (?), n. See

ted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Chlorinating.] (Chem.

to the action of chlorine; especially, a process for the extract

as a greenish yellow gas, two and one half times as heavy as air, of an intensely disagreeable suffocating odor, and exceedingly poisonous. It is abunda

, bromine, and iodine, called the halogens, and

ded of chlorine and iodine; c

n. A compound of chl

name of a group of minerals, usually of a green color and micaceous to granu

or slaty rock consisting of

.] (Chem.) Any salt of chlorou

orite.] Pertaining to, or contain

as, CH3Cl, of a sweet odor, easily condensed

denoting that chlorine is an in

.] (Physiol.) A green substance, supposed to be the cause of the

n of anodyne.] (Med.) A patent anodyne medicine,

colorless volatile liquid, CHCl3, having an ethereal odor and a sweetish taste, formed by treating alcohol with chlorine and an alkali. It is a

ed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Chloroforming.] To treat

hlwro`s light green + E. leucit

hlorine, and - meter.] An instrument to test the

ss of testing the bleaching powe

Min.) A massive mineral, greenish in color, and opal-like i

Physiol. Chem.) Of or pertaining to an acid mo

ow: cf. F. chlorophane.] 1. (Min.) A variety of fluor spar,

igment in the inner segment of the

d in the cells of the leaves (and other parts exposed to light) of plants, to which they owe their green color, and through which all ordinary as

ht green + E. plastid.] (Bot.) A granule o

(?), a. (Chem.) S

1. (Med.) The green sickness; an an?mic disease of young women, characterize

g the flowers to turn green or the le

chlorotique.] Pertaining t

ine; -- said of those compounds of chlorine in which this element has a valenc

electro-negative character of chlorine; hence, electr

.NO2, of a strong pungent odor, obtained by subjecting picric

Cf. F. chlorure.] (Ch

v. t. & i

l-shaped; -- applied particularly to a hollow muscle atta

, n. (Zo?l.)

vb. n. Chocking.] To stop or fasten, as with a wedg

vity. "The woodwork . . . exactl

desired to fill, esp. something to steady a cask or other body, or p

unwale. It has two short horn- shaped arms curving inward, be

ntirely; quite; as, c

uer. Cf. Shock, v. t.

An encount

as the tackle will admit; brought close togeth

?), a. Quite f

.] 1. A paste or cake composed of the roasted seeds of the Theobroma Cacao gr

ving a portion of the paste or

customers may be served with choco

Appalachian), in early times noted for their pursuit of agriculture, and for living at pea

e old imp. of c

, n. (Zo?l.)

. 25

kiusan to choose, examine, G. kiesen. √46. Cf. Choose.] 1. Act of choosing; the voluntary act of selecting or separating

opportunity of c

hing which we take be so in our p

ok

distinguishing what is to be preferred, a

gms of C?sar] were collect

co

number to choo

t which is approved and selected i

th is sick of t

h

rt; that which

wer and

inces from b

lt

oose; to select; to separa

e Volitio

icest (?).] 1. Worthly of being chosen or pr

hours of l

if

valuable; frugal; -- used with of;

d due attention to prefer

rd measur

dsw

s; exquisite; uncommon

a. Making choice

ense with every

en

nice regard to preference. "A band of men col

nt manner; excellently; emine

of being of particular value

;, orig. dancing place; prob. akin to &?; inclosure, L. hortus garden, and E. yard. See Chorus.] 1.

church appropria

h.) The

; a portion of the full organ, complete in itself, and more practicable for ordinary service and in the accompanying of the vocal choir. -- Choir screen,

AS. ceocian to suffocate, Icel. koka to gulp, E. chincough, cough.] 1. To render unable to bre

ing food doth c

h

up or clogging any passa

as growth, expansion, p

nel choke th

yd

lation by passion or strong feeling.

cartridge, or in the bore

the execution of a purpose; as,

o have a spasm of the throat, caused by stoppag

d, as if by cho

choked in

W. S

tation of the windpipe, produci

ridge. (b) A constriction in the bor

or pear-shaped fruit of an American shrub (Pyrus ar

t of a species of wild cherry (Prunus Virginiana

See Carbonic aci

hauk-dr.] A watchman; an offic

Full to the brim; q

, astringent taste, and is swallowed with difficulty

to silence; anything that can not

1. One who, or t

de cravat; a

ading from the bellyband to the lower part

chokes; producing the f

as the voice of a person a

Tending to choke or suffocate,

n affected with strong emotion.

s mother made Tom

Hug

.) A disease characterized by severe nervous symptoms, dependen

. F. cholagogue.] (Med.) Promoting the discharge of bile from the syst

ile.] (Chem.) A salt of cho

, fr. Gr. &?; bile + &?; blad

o cut.] (Surg.) The operation of making an opening i

ogy. Cf. F. cholédologie.] (Med.) A treati

absolutely barbarous, there being no Greek

em.) Pertaining to, or obtaine

fr. Gr. &?; cholera, fr. &?;, &?;, bile. See Gall, and cf. Cholera.] 1. The

. . was sanguine, with a mixture of

War

of the passion

nd very sudd

h

everal diseases affecting the digestive and intestinal tract and more

assing into a state of collapse, followed by death, or by a stage of reaction of fever. -- Cholera bacillus. See Comma bacillus. -- Cholera infantum, a dangerous summer disease, of infants, caused by hot weather, bad air, or poor milk, and especially fatal in large cities. -- Cholera morbus, a disease characterized by vo

ting to, or resulting fro

?;: cf. F. cholérique.] 1. Abounding wit

ted; irascible;

; excited by anger. "Chole

ament, the bili

dv. In a choleri

a. [Cholera + -form

symptoms of cholera. (b) The first stage of

[Cholera + -oi

ique.] Pertaining to cholesterin, or obt

em.) A white, fatty, crystalline substance, tasteless and odorless, found in animal and

. &?;; &?; lame + &?; an iambus.] (Pros.) A verse having an

&?;, from &?; bile.] (Physiol. Chem.) P

of taurocholic and glycocholic acids in the bile, and extracted as a resino

. &?; bile.] (Physio

&?;, &?;, bile + &?; color.

&?;, &?;, bile + &?; dusky.

), n. A Hindo

and greedily; to champ. [Prov.

(Physiol.) Formation of, o

&?; cartilage + -fy.] To convert,

. Chem.) The chemical basis of cartilage, converted by lo

. &?; cartilage + -genous.]

substance, tasteless and odorless, formed from cartilaginous tissue by long-continued action

or spelt), cartilage.] (Min.) A meteoric sto

to, or having the granular structure characterist

Gr. &?; cartilage + -itis.] (Me

form meaning a grain, granular, granular cartilage, cartilaginous; as, the ch

age.] (Min.) A fluosilicate of magnesia and iron, yellow to red in

oidei. See Ganoid.] (Zo?l.) An order of ganoid fishes, including the

; cartilage + -gen.] (Physio

&?; cartilage + genesis.] (Physi

. &?; cartilage + -oid

-logy: cf. F. chondrologie.] (Anat.) The s

a (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; cartilage +

in (of wheat or spelt), cartilage + -m

ndropterygien.] Having a cartilaginous sk

of fishes, characterized by cartilaginous fins and skeleton. It includes both ganoids (sturgeons, etc

+ &?; bone.] (Zo?l.) An order of fishes, including the st

?; + &?; a cutting.] (Anat.)

uliar rounded granule of some mineral, usually enstatite or chrysolite, found imbedded more

. kiosan, D. kiezen, G. kiesen, Icel. kjsa, Goth. kiusan, L. gustare to taste, Gr. &?;, Skr. jush to enjoy. √46. Cf. Choice, 2d Gust.] 1.

for a humb

o

desire; to pr

to know if we did not choo

dsm

sides. See

he judgment. To prefer is to choose or favor one thing as compared with, and more desirable than, another, or more in accordance with one's tastes and feelings. To elect is to choose or select for some office

To make a selec

between implicit obedi

sco

e. "Can I choose

se but, must

t choose but

h

; one who has the power or right

D. kappen, Dan. kappe, Sw. kappa. Cf. Chap to crack.] 1. To cut by striking rep

. 25

e blows of a sharp instrument; to

hand, and it

h

evour greedily;

he drops his breakfast, whic

str

k strike, or repeated strokes, wi

with an unexpected motion; t

oth, he chops at the shado

str

rupt; -- wi

ted the sermon, even

ti

See Cheapen, v. t., and cf. Chap, v

substitute one t

ing and changi

str

h an affected use of logical

To purchase b

shift suddenly; as,

to altercate;

el at the bar cho

co

nge; a vicissi

. To crack. See

e act of chopp

ice or small piece, especial

or cleft.

jaw of an animal; -- com

w or cheek, as

h of a river, harbor, or channel; as

. & Hind. chp

nd; as, silk of

mit or c

a number of boxes of the same make and quality of leaf. -- Chowchow chop.

icensed lighter employed in the transportation of

arter.] (Old Eng. Law) An exchanger

or jaw depressed; hence, crestfallen; dej

use where chops, etc., a

om of a c

Irv

A customhouse where transit duties

liquid measure formerly used in France and Great

n. See

g, or patten, having a very thick sole, or in some cases raised upon a sti

aven than when I saw you last

h

bandies words or is very ar

, n. A kind o

. One who, or t

Chubby.] Stout or plump

nging suddenly, as the wind; also, having tumbling

Act of cutti

, etc. -- Chopping knife, a knife for chopping or mincing meat, vegetables,

appy.] 1. Full of crack

ugh, with short, tumultuou

a jaw.] 1. The jaws; also, th

f a river, channel, harbor, or bay;

sticks of wood, ivory, etc., used by the Chi

. &?;, &?;.] Of or per

for the reception and exhibition of the tripod which he received as a p

lead.] (Gr. Antiq.) A chorus leader; esp. one who provided at his own expense an

orus.] Of or pertaining to a choir or chorus; singin

ice, a serv

tune, sung in unison by the congregation; as, th

n. A singer or co

er of a chorus; adapted to b

dh`. In the sense of a string or small rope, in general, it is wri

neously performed, producing more or les

iting the extremities of t

A cord. See

of a truss, usually horizontal, resi

of an arch. See Illust. of Arch. -- Chord of curvature, a chord drawn from any point

. & vb. n. Chording.] To provide with mus

truck the ch

yd

y old pine tree

ec

d; to harmonize together; as

, fr. L. chorda. See C

NL., lit., cord of the bac

. Of or pertain

omprehensive division of animals including all Vertebrata toget

to cord.] (Med.) A painful erection of the penis, usu

A small job; in the pl., the regular or daily light work of

hored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. C

choir or chorus.

itus's dance; a disease attended with convulsive twitchin

n. [F. chorée.

`re*graph"ic*al (?), } a.

raphy.] The art of representing dancing by s

nature of, or pertainin

ertaining to a chorepiscopu

country + &?; bishop. Cf. Bishop.] (Eccl.) A "country" or suffragan bishop, appointed in th

?;, prop. an adj. meaning belonging to a chorus; cf. F

pl. Choriambs (&?;).

ambicus, gr. &?;.] Pertaining t

choreus + &?; iambus.] (Anc. Pros.) A foot consisting of four syllables, of which the first and

ricus, Gr. &?;.] Of or

choric ode

eri

?), n. [NL.,

n the womb; also, the similar membrane investing many ova a

ter membrane of

eparation.] (Bot.) The separation of a l

de by side. -- In parallel or median ch

oriste.] A singer in a

orus.] 1. One of a choir; a

a choir in chur

?), a. Choric

-graph.] An instrument for construct

s or makes a map of a district or region. "

; one who investigates the

ertaining to chorography. --

. &?;; &?; place + &?; to describe.] the ma

aphy of the

T. B

e chorion; as, the choroid plexuses of the ventricles of the brain, and t

ke processes, consisting almost entirely of blood ve

(Anat.) Pertaining

e which treats of the laws of distribution of living organisms o

bution or

xl

place + -metry.] The art of s

a ring, a dance accompanied with song; a chorus,

band of singer

as at first nothing b

yd

s of a tragedy, and to sing the sentiments which the events suggested in coup

y, grave trag

rus or

lt

r in a dumb show

any of singers s

ore parts, each of which is intende

t the end of stanzas; also, a company of singers who join with

in any noisy demonstration; as,

p. pr. & vb. n. Chorusing.] To sing in chor

fr. L. causa cause, reason. See Caus

ht to a thing not reduced to possession, but recoverable by suit at law; as a right to recover money due on a contract, or damages for a tort, which can not be enforced against a reluctant party without sui

imp. & p. p

oose. Selected from a nu

d chosen men

. xx

hat which is the object o

nsurgents in western France (Brittany, etc

.) A bird of the Crow family (Fregilus graculus) of Europe. It is of a black color, with a long, slender, curved bill and red legs; -- also

nted black, with red feet, and beak;

(Zo?l.) The salmon of the Columbi

me] (Zo?l.) The Indian four-

[Obs.] See Jowl

y (?), n.

ter, one of whom, attached to the Turkish embassy, in 1609 cheated the Turkish merchants resident in England out

afore-cited poesy hath

nd

asily cheated; a tool; a s

sham; imposi

ndler. B

rth part.] An assessment equal to a four

ral kinds mingled together; mixed; as, chowch

. 25

ining the small sundry packages sent

ou`), n. (Com.) A k

Cf. Caldron.] 1. (Cookery) A dish made of fresh fi

fish. [Prov.

iling black spruce in water and m

t. To make

ri.] A whisk to keep off files,

rov. E. chow, to grumble.] To grumble or mut

choi" rt`). S

, fr. &?; goods, money, fr. &?; to use.] The science of wealth

; art.] The science of the useful arts, esp.

ching what is useful. "A chr

to learn.] A selection of passages, with notes, etc., to

AS. word fr. LL. chrisma, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to anoint; perh. akin to L. friare, fri

by the bishop on Maundy Thursday, and used in the adm

same as

hrismalis.] Of or pertai

ismatio.] The act of applying

signing with ointment

Tay

chrismatorium.] A cruet or v

?), n. [Se

m, or a white mantle thrown over a ch

baptism; -- so called from the chrisom cloth wh

i`ein to anoint. See Chrism.] The Anointed; an appellation give

cut, painted, written, or stamped on certain object

dial is upon the c

lay.

and the ending.

the cross usually set before it, or from a superstitious custom, somet

nning of the C

dsw

?); p. pr. & vb. n. Christening.] [AS. cristnia

and give a Chr

inate. "Christen the thing

anize. [Obs.]

the first ti

+ -dom.] 1. The profession of faith in Christ by baptism; hen

tism; or, more generally, a

, adoptious

h

evails, or which is governed under Christian institut

ne which then di

lt

till widenin

eri

body of Chris

hristianus, Gr. &?;; cf.

sus Christ, and the truth as taught by Him; especially, one whose

called Christians

xi.

ristian parents, and who has not definitely

regational in church government, and baptize by immersion. They are also called Disciples of Christ, and Campbellites. (b) One of a

unced, but not by the memb

ining to Christ or his reli

h; ecclesiastical; as, a C

ian people; civilized; kind

tact; the C

nys

of Christ. It is supposed that owing to an error of a monk (Dionysius Exiguus, d. about 556) employed to calculate the era, its commencement was fixed th

mus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. christianisme.] 1

world; Christendo

ederic, of Denmark; in sense (b) after Christian VII., of Den

istiente, OF. cristienté, F. ch

s; the system of doctrines a

inward and outward life to the

Christian bel

led the ch

de Br

au

ct or process of converting or bei

ized (&?;); p. pr. vb. n. Christianizing.] [Cf. F

convert to Christianity;

or adapt to Chr

ized phil

Tay

the character or belief of a

began to Ch

th

(?), a. Becomin

a Christianli

h

nner becoming the principle

patiently and C

ar

a. Christianl

nce with the doctrines of C

thout faith in Christ;

g Christ in character, actions

. Christlike

some States a legal holiday, in memory of the birth of Christ, often celebrated by

e as Christmas. -- Christmas eve, the evening before Christmas. -- Christmas fern (Bot.), an evergreen North American fern (Aspidium acrostichoides), which is much used for decoration in winter. -- Christmas flower, Christmas rose, the black hellebore, a p

[Christmas + tide time.

about whom all things are grouped, as in religion or history; tending to

on Christ; that department of theology which treats

n. See Chriso

?; to show.] An appearance of Christ, a

lly the Paliurus aculeatus, Zizyphus Spina-Christi, and Z. vulgaris. The last bears the fruit call

or + -scope.] An instrument for sh

chromate. See Chrome.] (Ch

color, fr. &?;, &?;, color; akin to &?; color, &?; skin

half steps or semitones) of the scale, instead

were formerly written

or blocks covered with inks of various colors. -- Chromatic scale (Mus.), the scale cons

l (?), a. Chr

ly, adv. In a c

colors; that part of optics which

, color.] (Biol.) Tissue which is

?), n. [Gr. &?

ing colored, as in the case

abnormal colo

. [Gr. &?;, &?;, color +

[Gr. &?;, &?;, color + -g

[Gr. &?;, &?;, color + -l

ontaining liquid pigment and capable of changing its form or size, thus causing changes of color in the t

oplasm, which in mass give color to t

scope, part of which is made to rotate eccentrically, so as to produce a ringlike ima

re` (?), n. A c

instrument for exhibiting certain chromatic effects of light (depending upon the persiste

tern or stereopticon to pr

, n. [Gr. &?; co

taken upon paper made sensitive with potassi

by which such p

, n. Same

. -- Chrome green (a) The green oxide of chromium, Cr2O3, used in enamel painting, and glass staining. (b) A pigment made by mixing chrome yellow with Prussian blue. -- Chrome red, a

ained from, chromium; -- said of the compounds

own salts, many of which are colored pigments, as chrome yellow, chrome red, etc. -- Chromic anhydride, a brilliant red

a family of fresh-water fishes abundant in the tropical parts of Ameri

. &?; color + &?; sweat.] (Med.) Secre

), n. Same a

allic mineral consisting of oxide of chrom

salt of chromous hydroxid

t 52.5. Symbol Cr. When isolated it is a hard, brittle, grayish white metal, fusible with difficulty. Its chief commercial importance is for its

(#). [Abbrev. from chromoli

lor + -blast.] An embryonic cell

?), [Gr. &?;

coloring matter other

pound, supposed to contain

taining, or capable of forming, ch

ratus by which a number of copies of written matter, ma

. 25

Gr. &?; color + E. leucite

A picture printed in tints and colors by repeated impression

(?), n. One who is engag

?), a. Pertaining to, or

. Lithography adapted to prin

ters, red, green, yellow, etc., present in the inner segments in the cones of the retina, held in solution

y chemical group or residue (as NO2; N2; or O2) which imparts s

&?; color + E. photography.] The art

aph (?), n. A photolitho

.] (Bot.) A protoplasmic granule of some other

ne of the minute bodies into which the chromatin of the nucleus

mposed principally of incandescent hydrogen gas, surrounding the sun and enveloping the photos

, a. Of or pertainin

1. A sheet printed in colors by any process,

c picture in the

ved from, chromium, when this element has a

owder, CrO.OH, of weak acid pr

ot.) A general name for coloring matter of plants

cerning time, from &?; time: cf. F. chroniq

a long time; lin

continuance, or progresses slowly, in distinctio

al (?), a

cal, and partly on

Alex

ue, L. chronica, fr. Gr. &?;, neut. pl. of &?;. See Chronic.] 1. An histo

of events; a hi

s of the Old Testament in whi

; record; annal

p. pr. & vb. n. Chronicling (?).] To record in a

chronicle; a recorder of events i

st chronicle

h

[F. See Chronicle.] A

rs, made to appear specially conspicuous, on being added together, express a particular date or epoch, as in the motto of a medal s

inscription made

ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. chronogrammatique.]

ist (?), n. A wri

for measuring or recording intervals of time, upon a revolving drum or strip of pap

Chronogra

chron

One who writes a chronogr

), a. Of or pertain

Chronograph.] A description or record

(?), n. Same

ology; containing an account of events in the order of time; according to the

[Gr. &?;.] A person who investigates dates of ev

ust of the chronologist

ck

ell us that Christ was born i

n K

cf. F. chronologie.] The science which treats of measuring time by regular divi

dark and confused, chronology w

Hol

-meter: cf. F. chronomètre.] 1. An inst

lly beating half seconds; -- intended to keep time with great accurac

.) A me

nometer, a chronometer in the form of a large

), } a. [Cf. F. chronométrique.] Pertaining

trie.] The art of measuring time; the m

o carry.] An instrument signaling the corr

asuring minute intervals of time; used in determining the velocity

taining to a chrysalis;

; pl. Chrysalid

rflies, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; gold. Cf. Aurelia.] (Zo?l.) The pupa state of certain insects,

em.) A yellow substance obtained as a by-product in the manuf

f composite plants, mostly perennial, and of many species including the many varieties o

n.] (Chem.) A bitter, yellow substance forming the essential constituent of Goa powde

aurum gold. So called from its color.] An ora

d + &?; made of ivory, fr. &?; ivory, elephant

inferior materials, veneered, as it were, with ivory for the f

s of coal tar, allied to naphthalene and anthracene. It is a white crystalline substa

(Min.) A mineral, found in crystals, of a yellow to green or brown color, and

ysochlore.] (Zo?l.) A South African mole of the genus Chrysochloris; the gol

r; chryso`s gold + &?; glue.] (Min.) A hydrous silicate of

+ -gen.] (Chem.) A yellow crystalline s

hryso`s gold + &?; to write.] 1. Th

executed in l

.) An artificial, yellow, crystalline dye, C6H5N2.C6H3 (NH2)2.

sed of silica, magnesia, and iron, of a yellow to green color. It is common in certain volcanic rocks; -- called also o

-logy.] That branch of political economy

`s gold + &?;, &?;, eye, face.] (Zo?l.) A

) A glucoside extracted from rhubarb as a bitter, yellow, cryst

taining to, or derived from

dock, sienna, chrysarobin, etc., and shown to be a derivative of an anthracene. It is u

s, fr. Gr. &?;; chryso`s gold + &?; leek.] (Min.) An apple-green variety of chalcedo

), n. [L.] See Chrys

ld + &?; seed.] The seed of gold; a me

picture taken upon paper prepared by the use of a sensitive salt o

invented by S

the earth.] Pertaining to the ear

character of th

Mü

&?;, earth + &?; to eat.] A disease characterized by an irresistible desire to eat

fresh-water fish of the Cyprinid? or Carp family. The common European species is Leuciscus cephalus; the cheven. In America the name is applied to various f

antic coast, but absent in others; -- called also bull mackerel, thimble-eye, and big- eye mackerel. -- C

a. Chubby. [

n. The state

b; plump, short, and thick

, a. Having a pl

n. Chucking.] [Imitative of the sound.] 1. To make a noise r

e; to laugh.

all, as a hen her

The chuck or

den, sma

corrupted from chick. "Pra

vb. n. Chucking.] [F. choquer to strike. Cf. Shock,

barmaid un

Irv

; to pitch. [Colloq.] "Mahomet Ali will jus

ns of a chuck, as in turning; to bore or turn

light blow or pa

rt throw

to the mandrel of a lathe, for holding a

. 25

eep hole in a wagon rut. -- Elliptic chuck, a chuck having a slider and an eccentric circle, which, a

ebble; -- called also chucks

in which one or more are tossed

n the neck and the collar bone, with the adjoining parts, c

. Chuckled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.

n her chickens; to

to cocker. [

laugh; the expression of satisf

a suppressed or broken manner, as expressing

son with a large head; a num

ng a large head; thickhea

goatsucker (Antrostomus Carolinensis), of the so

ew, Cud.] To champ; to

Chew, v. t.] Minced

sculentus) producing edible tubers, native about the Medit

n of chub: cf. W. cyff stock, stum

; churlish. [Pro

), adv. Clown

. The quality o

. Fat or puffed o

; clowni

flowers of the Chloranthus inconspic

llow: cf. also AS. cuma a comer, guest.] A roommate, especi

vb. n. Chumming.] To occupy a chamber with ano

pieces of fish us

chopping, E. chop.] A short, th

; as, the chump end of a

a powder, dust; or a Dravidian word.] Quickli

short, thick piece of anythin

Short and thic

. kyrka, Dan. kirke, G. kirche, OHG. chirihha; all fr. Gr. &?; the Lord's house, fr. &?; concerning a master or lord,

et apart for Ch

athen temple. [Ob

evers worshiping together. "When they had orda

he same rites, and acknowledging the same ecclesiastical authority; a

ctive body o

rs; as, the Jewish chur

ty; ecclesiastical influence, authority, etc.; as, to

e properly the rulers of the people, o

lw

g belonging or relating to the church; as, church auth

y law. -- Church living, a benefice in an established church. - - Church militant. See under Militant. -- Church owl (Zo?l.), the white owl. See Barn owl. -- Church rate, a tax levied on parishioners for the maintenance of the church and its services. -- Church ses

ording to a prescribed form, or to unite with in publicly returning thanks in chur

(as in commemoration of the dedication of a chu

n. A seat in the por

tion, government, or authority

?), n. One who

. 1. Habitually

oning t

f the churc

wp

hurch + haw a yard.] Ch

to the forms or principles of some

a. Without a ch

ng a church or a churchman;

(?), n. Regard

to, or suitable for, th

Churchmen (#). 1. An e

the Established Church of England

ttached to, or

aining to, or becoming

or quality of being a church

modes or scales used in ancie

State of being

iscopal church, whose duties vary in different dioceses, but always

pipe, with a long

nt of the smoldering fire, with decanters, a

Bla

ip, n. The office

a church; unduly fond o

adjoining a church, in which t

in the hol

h

ng ground; graveyard; necro

Dan. & Sw. karl, Icel. karl, and to the E. proper name Charles (orig., man, male), and perh. to Skr. jr

ll reversed; l

alwart churls

er

urly, ill-bre

ely comes, but either

P. S

r; an illiberal p

ch churl hoardi

ay

sh; rough; selfi

-grained; ungracious; surly; illiberal; ni

maintain a ch

wp

easily wrought; as, a churlish soil; the churlis

adv. In a ch

s of manners or temper; la

ude; churlish; vi

. [See Chirm.] Clamor, or co

thousand taunt

co

. t.] A vessel in which milk or cream is stirred, beaten, or otherwise agitated (as by a plunging o

. kernen, D. karnen, Dan. kierne, Sw. k?rna, and also to E. corn, kernel, the meaning coming from the idea of extractin

or agitate w

teeth, the fo

di

perform the oper

1. The act of

of butter made a

arcotic and intoxicating gum resin which exudes f

] (Zo?l.) An insect that turns about nimbly; the

v. t. See C

or tube, upon or through which objects are made to slide from a

ee S

rm or spicy condiment or pickle made in India, compoun

) Possessed of the properties

ng of chyle much diluted with water; -- said of a liquid w

A milky fluid containing the fatty matter of the food in a state of emulsion, or fine mechanical division; formed from chym

iol.) The act or process by which chyle is formed from foo

Producing, or converting into, ch

f. F. chylifère.] (Physiol.) Transmitting

(?), a. C

(Physiol.) The formation o

*ry (? or ?), a

+ -ly.] (Physiol.) To make chyl

e, chylo`s juice, chyle + poiei^n to make.] (Physiol.) Conc

yleux.] (Physiol.) Consisti

ne.] (Med.) A morbid condition in which the urine conta

yle.] (Physiol.) The pulpy mass of semi-digested food in the small intestines just after its p

ym"is*try (?). } [Obs.] See

me + -ferous.] (Physiol.) B

cf. F. Chymification.] (Physiol.) The conversion of fo

+ -fy: cf. F. chymifier.] (P

a. Of or perta

ing liquids. It consists of a piston moving in a tube in which is contained the l

ruus, fr. cibus food.] Pertai

atio, fr. cibare to feed.]

n of feeding the contents of the cru

e, an onion. Cf. Chibbal, Cives.] A perennial alliaceous plant (Allium fistu

bean; also, a cup made from its largeleaves, or resembling its seed vessel in shape.] 1. (Arch.) A canopy usu

er or case in which the

ly transparent wings. The male makes a shrill sound by peculiar organs in the under side of the abdomen, consisting of a pair of stretched membranes, ac

L. cicada.] A cicada. See Cicada. "

. [F., fr. L. cica

elating to, or having the chara

car, fr. cicatrix a scar.] (Biol.) The germinating point in the embryo

promote the formation of a cicat

. 25

over a wound or breach of continuity and completes the process of healing in th

cicatriser.] (Med.) A medicine or application that promotes t

sation.] (Med.) The process of forming a

g.] [Cf. F. cicatriser, fr. cicatrice, L. cicatrix, scar.] (Med.) To heal or in

(Med.) To heal; t

?), a. Full of

tely of Egyptian origin.] (Bot.) Any one of several umbe

.) Pica type; -- so cal

. Cicero, the Roman orator. So called from the ordinary talkativeness of s

about their picture galleries, palaces, and ruins, is

en

us, fr. Cicero, the orator.] Resembli

tyle or action Cicero; a Ciceronian phrase or expression. "Great

to, or resembling, a suborder of composite plan

, n. The chick

n. The state or con

), n.; pl. It. C

r of a married woman;

bon attached to a fan, w

th, of uncertain material, used in the Middle Age

was of

ste man

au

rare to tame, fr. cicur tame.]

f. F. cicuration.] The a

.) a genus of poisonous umbelliferous plants, of

rroneously applied to Conium m

principle of the water hemlock (Cicuta)

[Sp., fr. Ar

of Ruy Diaz, Count of Bivar, a champion of Christianit

rates the exploits of the Sp

Oriental origin; cf. Heb. shkar to be intoxicated, shkr strong drink.] The expressed

ice of other fruits, and other kinds of s

ider. -- Cider mill, a mill in which cider is m

maker of cider.

] A kind of weak cider made by st

on drinking, and supplies

tim

, formerly.] Former; previous; of ti

L. cera wax.] A wax cand

d of tobacco in the island of Cuba: cf. F. ciga

punctatus), allied to the mackerel, f

.] A little cigar; a little fine t

sing., is rarely used. [L. cilium

he higher animals, and in the lower animals often covering also the whole or a part of the exterior. They are

, commonly marginal and form

ming organs, somewhat resembling

), a. [Cf. F

pplied to special parts of the eye itself; as, the cilia

ed with the cilia in animal or vege

f Infusoria, characterized by having cilia. In some species the cilia

urrounded by, cilia; as, a ciliate leaf; endowed with vibr

licious.] A kind of haircl

g to Cilicia in Asia Minor. -- n.

ilician goat's hair, fr. Cilicious Cilician, fr. Cilicia, a

s or sackc

T. B

, } a. [Cilium + -form] Having the

cf. F. ciliograde.] (Zo?l.) Moving by means of cil

, n. [L., eyel

See Sill., n.

cilium eyelid.] (Med.) A spasmod

rch.) A kind of

(?), n.

ella.] A kind of confectio

placed around the shaft of a column as i

aining to the Cimbri. -- n. O

i, an ancient tribe inhabiting Northern

treasurer.] A superintendent or keeper of a ch

(?), n. Se

(Zo?l.) A genus of hemipterous insects of which

, n. (Arch.

, -icis, a bug.] (Zo?l.)

1. Pertaining to the Cimmerii, a fabulous people, said to have

ny light; in

erian desert

lt

. &?;, L. Cimolus, an island of the Cyclades.] (Min.) A

. cincha, fr. L.

e girth, as of ca

ht grip.

intermittent fever, and after her return to Spain, contributed to the general propagation of this remedy.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of trees growi

ontaining three per cent. or more of bitter feb

d or pertaining to cinchona, o

longing to, or obtaine

especially in red cinchona bark. It is a white crystalline substance, C19H22N2O, with a bitter

(Chem.) One of the quinine group of alkaloids isomeric wi

roduced by the excessive or long-continued use of quinine,

duce cinchonism in; to poison

lower Silurian system. The rocks are well developed near Cincinnati, O

o gird.] 1. A belt, a girdle, or something worn round t

closes; an inclosure. "Within t

band next to the apophyge at the e

Having or wearing a

G. sinter, D. sintel; perh. influenced by F. cendre ashes, fr. L. cinis. Cf. Sinter.

ithout flame; a

rown off in f

nace, or scoriaceous

tive, to arrest the escape of cinders. -- Cinder notch (Metal.), th

bling, or composed of,

inis ashes + facere to make: cf. F. cinéfact

Cin`e*mat"ic*al (?)

(?), n. sing.

raceus, fr. cinis ashes.] Like

lled from the ash-colored down on the leaves.] (Bot.) A Linn?an genus of free-flowering

rius, fr. cinis ashes.] Pertai

the ancients to preserve the

f. F. cinération.] The reducing of anyth

reus, fr. cinis ashes.] Like

cinereous; of a color somewhat

fr. cinis ashes.] Like ashes; having the color of

(?), a. Full o

lon descended from its primitive inhabitants; also (sing.), the language of the

to the inhabitants of

cingulum, fr. cingere to gird

band of color; a raised spiral line as seen on certain univalve shells

Gr. &?;; prob. of Oriental origin

n brilliant red crystals, and also in red or b

ulphide of mercury used

Green cinnabar, a green pigment consisting of the oxides of cobalt and zinc subjected to the action

ining to, or resembling, cinnabar; consisting of

tyrene (which was formerly called cinnamene be

namon.] (Chem.) Pertaining t

H, formerly obtained from storax and oil of cinnamon, now made from certain benzene

L. cinnamomum cinnamon.

e other language; cf. Malay kj mnis sweet wood.] (a) The inner bark of the shoots of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum, a tree growing in Ceyl

d in jewelry. -- Oil of cinnamon, a colorless aromatic oil obtained from cinnamon and cassia,

A yellow crystalline substance, (C6H5

. 25

hypothetical radical, (C6H5. C2H2)2C, of cinnam

ogenous organic base, C8H6N2, analogous to quinoli

quinque five. See Five.] Five; t

to style was so called because it arose after the year 1500.] The sixteenth century, when ap

The name of several different species of the genus Potentilla; -- also called

n having five points or cups, use

ustris, a plant with purple flowers

nce (called also galliard), the steps of which wer

r privileges were anciently accorded; -- viz., Hastings, Romney, Hythe, Dover, and San

inque Ports. S

d, a. Five- spo

[F. cintre.] (Ar

] (Zo?l.) The group of Thysanura which includes Lepisma and

OF. cion. See S

he stock is but passive, and giveth

co

cf. Sp. cifra, LL. cifra), fr. Ar. ?ifrun, ?afrun, e

lf, expresses nothing, but when placed at the right

t which, has no we

was a me

Irv

general, as a figu

n ciphers and characters and lett

. Ral

of a name; a device; a monogram; as, a painter's cipher, an

er mode of writing, contrived for the safe transmis

n he was very young to write all

Bu

o assist in reading

ipher; of no weight or influence

pr. & vb. n. Ciphering.] To use figures in a m

he could write

dsm

. To write in oc

iphered with G

yw

ering; as, to cip

ipher. [O

e by character

(?), n. One

), n. Nothingne

e its veins consist, like onions, of different strata, one lying upon another.] (Min.) A whitish marble, fro

d, commonly having an inscription, used by the ancients for various purposes, as for ind

amphitheatrical circle for spo

r.] A district, or part of a

ing to Circassia, in Asia. -- n. A

Sol and Perseis, a mythological enchantress, who first charmed her victims and the

sis, ludi Circenses, the games in the Circus Maximus.

of the Circ

ly

[Gr. &?; a circle

ir of compasses, from Gr. &?; a circle.] (Bot.) Rolled together downward, the tip occup

make a circle around; to

(?), n. [L. cir

lar motion.

bs.] "The circinations and spherica

us (Whence also AS. circul), dim. of circus circle, akin t

lled its circumference, every part of which is equal

ds such a figure; a c

ervation, the graduated limb of w

, in the plane of the meridian, a meridian or transit circle; when involving the principle of reflection, like the sextant, a

body; a sph

teth upon the cir

xi

; circuit;

rcle of t

h

ut a central point of interest, or bound by a common

ame known, the circle of

aul

group of per

where it begins, an

cle runs the

yd

o or more unproved statements are used to

that gravity is a quality whereby a heavy body des

nvi

m of words; circ

given t

r oblique, o

letc

rial division

in number, were those principalities or pr

vated pole, within which the stars never set. Its distance from the pole is equal to the latitude of the place. -- Circle of perpetual occultation, at any given place, the boundary of the space around the depressed pole, within which the stars never rise. -- Circle of the sphere, a circle upon the surface of the sphere, called a great circle when its plane passes through the center of the sphere; in all other cases, a small circle. -- Diurnal circle. See under Diurnal. -- Dress circle, a gallery in a theater, generally the one containing the prominent and more expensive seats. -- Druidical circles (Eng. Antiq.), a popular name for certain ancient inclosures formed by rude s

clet; compass; ci

n. Circling (?).] [OE. cerclen, F. cercler, fr. L. circ

round; to re

ets circle

o

rcle; to surround; to inclo

e circled with

mp

, circled

eri

m in; to keep together; as, to

circularly; to form a

circle round th

ro

of a circle; round. "Monthly ch

of wandering around as a stroller; an itinerant poet. Also, a nam

t for the person, having the form of a circle; that w

ks in circle

en

body; an

. . . that crown'

bright

lt

d put under a dish at tabl

(?), n. Se

circum around + ire to go.] 1. The act of moving or revolving around, or as in a circl

stance round, any space; the m

ompass of Irelan

S

ircles anything,

circuit o

h

sed within a circl

inclosed with g

lt

m place to place in the exercise of one'

for a judge or judges to visit, for the administration of justice. Bouvier

.] "Thou hast used no c

tutory limits, both in law and equity, in matters of federal cognizance. Some of the individual States also have circuit courts, which have general statutory jurisdiction of the same class, in matters of State cognizance. -- Circuit or Circuity of action (Law), a longer course of proceedings than is necessary to attain th

a circle; to go round; to c

around. [Obs.] "Having cir

(?), n. A ci

travels a circuit, as a circ

itio. See Circuit.] The act of

undabout; indirect; as, a circuitous road; a circuitous manner of acc

s; winding; sin

in a circle; a course not direct

?), a. That may

aris, fr. circulus circle: cf

f, or bounded by

rting to the point of beginning; hence, ill

egends; cyclic; hence, mean; infer

and closely adhered to history, h

nn

sons having a common interest; circulated, or i

III., . . . doubtless ci

ll

t; comple

bsolute an

shed-for rariti

gin c

sin

of a circle, or 360°. -- Circular lines, straight lines pertaining to the circle, as sines, tangents, secants, etc. -- Circular note or letter. (a) (Com.) See under Credit. (b) (Diplomacy) A letter addressed in identical terms to a number of persons. -- Circular numbers (Arith.), those whose powers terminate in the same digits as the roots themselves; as 5 and 6, whose squares

se 1) F. circulaire, lettre

ted, copies of which are addressed or given

s cloak, cut i

to canvass by di

- circ

dNet

ribute cir

- circ

dNet

s around, as

tribute, disseminate, propagate, br

dNet

ularitas.] The quality or state o

?), adv. In a c

illogical. [Obs. & .] "Cross

rculating.] [L. circulatus, p. p. of circulare, v. t., to surround,

move round and return to the same point;

to person, or from hand to hand; to be diffu

. 25

a library whose books are loaned to the public, usually

to place, or from person to person; to spread; as,

pump. See

; diffuse; propag

] 1. The act of moving in a circle, or in a course which b

circulation o

if

ce to place or person to perso

ronomy appear to have had

ew

ng coin; notes, bills,

es or is circulated; the measure of diff

ch it is brought into close relations with almost every living elementary co

romoting circulation; ci

circulator a peddler.] One w

house to house or from town to town; itinera

circulatorius pert. to a mou

, a circulatory

, or going rou

; as, circulatory organs; of or pertaining to the

eat of the fire, and with connecting pipes or passages, through which the fluid rises from

n. A circlet.

n a circle; circular. [Obs.] "Wi

tin preposition, used as a prefix in many En

Pref. circum + agitate.] To ag

, obs. sing. of ambages.] A roundabout or indir

The act of surrounding or

] Surrounding; inclosing or being on all sides; enc

circumambulare to walk around; circum + ambulare. See Ambu

. A roundabout or indirec

m.) The center of a circle t

idere to cut around, to circumcise; circum + caedere to cut; akin to E. c?sura, homicide, concise, and prob. to shed, v

) To purify

n. One who performs

The act of cutting off the prepuce or foresk

practiced as a religious rite

(b) Rejection of the sins of the flesh; spiritual

umcludere, -clusum, to inclose.]

-satum, to run round about.] The act of running

cum- + denudation.] (Geol.) Denudation a

ced by surface erosion; the elevations which have been

Scots Law) To declare elapsed, as the time a

of circumducere to lead around; circum + ducere

llify; as, to circumduct acts

ircumductio.] 1. A leading abo

g; cancellatio

limb round an imaginary axis, so

(Anat.) Surrounding the esophagus; -- in Zo?l. said of the

e*al (?), a. (Anat

circum- + ferre to bear. See 1st Bear.

e (?), n. [L. c

or encompasses a circular

e; anythin

erous sh

st. The broad

shoulders li

lt

ace of a sphere, or

clude in a circular space; to

tialis.] Pertaining to the circumference; en

y (?), adv. So as to

"tor (?), n. [

f a compass whose needle plays over a circle graduated to 360°, and of a horizontal brass bar at the ends

el for measuring t

mflans, p. pr. of circumflare.]

ected; p. pr. & vb. n. Circumflecting.] [L. cir

e circumflex accen

ion (?), n. Se

nd, fr. circumflectere, circumflexum, to bend or tu

th a rise and fall or a fall and a

e long syllable, marked thus [~ or &?;]; and in Latin and some other languages,

d (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Circumflexing (?).] To

. [Cf. L. circu

ing round; circui

l arteries of the hip and thigh, to arteries, vein

The act of bending, or cau

ut; a turning; a

flowing round on all sides;

circumfluere; circum + fluere to flow; also L. circumfluus.] Flowing round;

umforaneus found in markets; circum + forum a market place.] Going

[Pref. circum- + fulgent.

. of circumfundere to pour around; circum + fu

cumfused on

lt

fusilis fusil, a.] Capable of being poured

] The act of pouring or spreading round;

to carry around; circum + gestare to carry.]

of the euchari

Tay

m- + gyrate.] To roll or turn round; to caus

n. The act of turning, r

ent and irregula

ll

a. Moving in a circle;

), v. i. To circ

re, incessum, to walk.] (Theol.) The reciprocal existe

ition of being circumjacent,

r. of circumjacere; circum + jacre to lie.] Ly

piter, gen. Jovis, Jove.] One of the moons or s

+ L. littus, littoris, shore; preferable f

circumlocution; circum + loqui to speak. See Loquacious.] The use of many words to expre

ing names . . . would save abundan

if

governmental office where business is delayed by

ting to, or consisting of, circuml

Characterised by circumlocut

o work in regular c

rs's J

[Pref. circum- + meridian.]

ef. circum- + mure, v. t.] T

(?), a. Capable of be

vb. n. Circumnavigating (?).] [L. circumnavigatus, p. p. of circumnaviga

navigated the

Ful

The act of circumnavigating,

(?), n. One who sail

. circum- + nutate.] To pass thr

bending in different directions of the growing tip of the

out the pole; -- applied to stars that revolve aro

re, - positium, to place around.] The act of placing in a ci

y (?), } a. [Pref. circum- + rotary, rota

. circumrotare; circum + rotare to

or revolving round, as a wheel; circumvolution

ot.) Dehiscing or opening by a transverse fissure exten

(?), a. Capable of

?); p. pr. & vb. n. Circumscribing.] [L. circumscribere,

or engrave

ircumscribed

hm

imit; to hem in; to surround; to

scribe ro

cro

so as to touch at certain points

; confine; abridge; restrain; env

n. One who, or that

. Capable of being circumsc

iptio. See Circumscribe.] 1. An inscript

rmines the form or magnitude of

of being limited, by conditions or

ptions of terr

hn

y unhoused, f

cumscription

h

scribing or tending to circumscri

ve*ly, adv. In a

In a literal, limited, or

lf, to observe; circum + spicere, specere, to look. See Spy.] Attentive to all the cir

See Ca

io.] Attention to all the facts and circu

circumspecti

lt

chfulness; deliberation; thoug

. 25

und every way; cautious; careful of consequences

tive*ly, adv.

cr/), adv. In a circumspect

ance in guarding against evi

ess on those abroad, who at

H. W

re to stand around; circum + stare to stand. See Stand.] 1. That which attends, or rel

well known in the coun

Irv

fact; a parti

conqueror weeping for new worlds, o

di

cution; det

more circum

that we shake

h

worldly estate; state of pro

ircumstances, they are natur

di

Colloq.] -- Under the circumstances,

nt; situation; condition; positio

e in a particular situation;

as they came down to him and circu

di

. Placed in a particular pos

two bodies so circumstanc

ew

cumstances. [Poetic & R.] "I

cumstance.] Standing or placed around; surroun

. Capable of being circumst

l (?), a. [Cf. F

taining to, circumstance

testimony is substantial trut

le

relating to, bu

the essentials in religious worship .

ar

detailing or exhibiting all the c

circumstanti

io

According to some authorities circumstantial is distinguished from positive evidence in that the latter is the testimony of eyewitnesses to a fact or the admission of

- See

, but of less importance; opposed to an essential; -- generall

of being circumstantial; particularity or minuteness of detail. "I wil

1. In respect to circumstances;

t, the powers are only ci

nvi

umstance or part

antially, not only the events

yl

Circumstantiated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Circums

mstances; to invest with partic

tantiated, it might will that fre

mha

y circumstances; to ente

stantiate these particulars, which

Trials

L. terra earth.] Being or dwelling around the e

[Pref. circum- + undulate.]

mvallare to surround with a wall; circum + vallare to wall, fr

1. Surrounded with a wall

elevation; as, the circumvallate p

rt. (b) A line of field works made around a besieged place and the besieging army,

cum + vehere to carry.] The act of carrying an

, p. p. of circumvenire, to come around, encompass, deceive; circum + venire to come, akin to E. co

ed whom I co

yd

act of prevailing over another by arts, address,

ch he learns sl

wp

nding to circumvent; deceiv

One who circumvents; one who

e; circum + vestire to clothe.] To cover

d with much

H. W

circumvolans, p. pr. See Cir

lant trouble

acdo

te. -volatum, to fly around; circum + vol

ion (?), n. [Se

ing round; the sta

led round anot

t procedure; a

or temper for sentime

onsf

ircumvolving.] [L. circumvolvere, -volutum; circum + volvere to roll.] To

v. i. To roll ro

L. circus circle, ring, circus (in s

e, rising in tiers one above another, and divided lengthwise through the middle by a barrier arou

ld contain more than 100,000 s

ts of horsemanship, acrobatic displays, etc. Also

space; inc

ircus of my

ro

. cirlo.] (Zo?l.) A Europea

n. [F., fr

a circular erection or

mal c

nes upon a f

at

he side of a mountain, walled aro

lets, fr. cirrus a curl.] (Zo?l.) Having

us (?), a. Se

?), a. Same

resents when cut.] (Med.) A disease of the liver in which it usually becomes smaller in size and more dense and fibrous in consistence; hence som

d by, or affected with, cirrhosis; as, c

(?), a. Se

?), n. Sam

?), n. pl.

us + -ferous.] Bearing cirri

l.) Formed like a cirrus or tendril; -- sa

.] (Biol.) Having curled locks of hair;

radi to walk.] (Biol.) Moving or mo

n. (Zo?l.) One o

the barnacles. When adult, they have a calcareous shell composed of several pieces. From the opening of the shell t

branchiae gills.] (Zo?l.) A division of Mollusca having sl

. [Cirrus + cumulus.] (

a tendril or tendrils; as, a cirrose leaf. (b) Res

th.] (Zo?l.) The lowest group of vertebrates; -- so called fr

[Cirrus + stratus.] (M

), a. 1. (B

-- said of certai

(#). [L., lock, curl, ringl

A tendril

of Annelida. Those near the head of annelids are Tentacular cirri; those of the last segment

in others they are used in feeding; in the Annelida they are

gan of trematodes and some othe

r.) See u

d vein + &?; tumor.] (Med.) The varic

&?; a dilated vein + -

rtery in which it becomes dilated a

+ &?; to cut.] (Surg.) Any operation for th

etimes used as a prefix in English

lpine.] On the hither side of the Alps with reference to Rome, t

e of the Atlantic Ocean; -- used of the eastern or the west

luable food fish of the Great Lakes of North America. The name

process of chasing on metals; a

- + Leitha.] On the Austrian si

. mons mountain.] On this side of th

to the Padus or Po.] On the hither side of the river

s, for the purpose of solving two celebrated problems of the higher geometry; viz., to tris

ista box, chest, G

frequently decorated with engravings on the sides and cover, and with feet, handle

ee C

closed in a cy

of the prolific branch of the Benedictine Order, established in 1098 at C?teaux, in France, by Robert, abbot of Molesme. For t

. 26

isterna, fr. cista box, chest. See Cist, and cf. chest.] 1. An arti

place containing water. "The wide

?), a. Se

an inhabitant of a city; a pert townsman; -- us

urance sting t

er

, a. Capable

r. L. civitas. See City.] A fortress in or near a fortified city, command

onghold. Se

1. Summons to appear, as

quotation [

cite. See Cite] 1. An official summons or notice given to a

or from another person, in his own words;

ad of citatio

lt

mention; as, a c

ded cases, or books of autho

), n. One wh

us.] Having the power or form of

tens. of cire, cire, to put in motion, to excite; akin to Gr.&?; to go, Skr. &?; to sharp

ited

ages, to the

l ha

lt

y finge

Qui

to enjoin.

as a passage from a book

ite Scripture f

h

as for support, proof, il

ions which yo

h

ak; to indi

cites a vir

h

fy of a proceedi

name; refer to; adduce; sel

), n. One

[From Cit.] A

rn, Guitar.] (Mus.) An ancient

;, fr.&?; cithara.] Pertainin

(?), n. S

rom cit.] The manners

o, or resembling, a city. "Smo

ed with, cities. [R.] "

+-fy.] Aping, or having

See Cite.] (Zo?l.) A suborder of Arachnoidea, including the European tarantula and the wolf spiders (

ade.] (Zo?l.) Pertaining to the Ci

is born or bred in a city;

and cf. Cit.] 1. One who enjoys the freedom and privileges of a city; a freeman o

t counted as citizens and had not so much as a

Eli

t of a city; a

sex, who owes allegiance to a government, an

vidual, in the face of foreign nations, as a member of the state, and

izen, though neither native nor naturalized, in such a

ion or qualities of a citizen, or

nts of a city; characteristic of ci

not

citizen a

to die e

h

, n. A female

tate of being a citizen;

thara. See Cittern.] (Mus.) A musical

rtaining to, derived from, or having certain

cent substance, C3H4(CO2H)2, obtained by distillation o

om Citric.] (Chem.)

on.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived

tracted from lemons, currants, gooseberries, etc., as a

s of the color of a lemon; esp., in alchemy, the state of perfection in th

Citron.] Like a citron or lemon;

lowish mercurial ointment, the

ellow, pellucid

malum, a citron), from Gr. ki`tron citron] 1. (Bot) A fruit resembling a lemon, but l

citro

itron

ose solid white flesh is used in making sweetmeats and preserves. -- Citron tree (Bot.), the tree which bears ci

) A genus of trees including the orange, lemon,

] (Mus.) An instrument shaped like a lute, but strung with wire

onfounded w

- so called because the handle of a citter

s citizen; akin to Goth. heiwa (in heiwafrauja man of the house), AS. hwan, pl., members of a family, s

verned by a mayor and aldermen or a city council consisting of a board of aldermen and a common council;

the see of a bishop; and though the bishopric has been

cks

se meant it to be the seat of a bishop, for the

lf

, or inhabitants of a city. "What

- See

r pertaining t

icipal court of a city. [U. S.] -- City ward, a watchma

n. (Bot.) S

istence of butter or honey, taken from glands in the anal pouch of the civet (Viverra civetta). It is of clear yellowish or brownish color, o

to three feet long, and of a brownish gray color, with transverse black bands and spots on the body and tail. It

To scent or perfum

] Relating to, or derived from, a city or citizen; rela

of oak leaves and acorns, bestowed on a soldie

. The principle o

The science of c

y.] 1. Pertaining to a city or state, or to a citizen in his relatio

ed to order; civilized; not bar

rous; for it is but even the ot

en

citizen; obedient to governm

s of God than others; they come

es

ity, as opposed to those of savages or rusti

en man and man; a civil man once was one who fulfilled all the duties and obligations flowing f

airs, in distinction from military,

ies sought by action or suit di

- - Civil engineering. See under Engineering. -- Civil law. See under Law. -- Civil list. See under List. -- Civil remedy (Law), that given to a person injured, by action, as opposed to a criminal prosecution. -- Civil service, all service rendered to and paid for by the state or nation other than that pertaining to naval or military affairs. -- Civil service reform, the

rom Civil] 1. One ski

ns and writers

if

vil law at a universit

e those of civil life, n

n. A civilian.

. See Civil.] 1. The state of society in which the relations and duties

m barbarrism to civility,

J. D

ation from the word civility has obliged th

en

ice, or a civi

e in a

ti

nd attention; good breeding

d man is, if possible, more sho

terf

civiliti

yd

ty; affability

?), a. Capable of

.] 1. The act of civilizing, or the state of

and with civilization, have, in this European world of ours, depended for ages

u

g a criminal proc

Cf. F. civilizer, fr.L. civilis civil. See Civil.] 1. To reclaim from a savage st

fate which did

civilize,

yd

civilized state. [Obs. or R.]

olish; refin

ife and manners; instructed in arts, learni

market is not reconcilable with th

Qui

who, or that which, civil

regards civil rights and privileges; poli

me, fr.L. civis citizen.] Sta

Cizars.] To clip with sc

. pl. Scissors

lk; largeness.

onnyclabber] Milk curdl

To become clab

el.] A small village containing

the clach

Stev

p, crack, D. klakken, MHG. klac crack, Ir. clagaim I make a noise, ring. Cf. Clack, n., Clatter, Click.] 1. To make a su

clacking on the ahoulders

cke

. 26

d continually, or with abrup

make a sudden, sharp noise, or

dly and inconsid

mark, in order to make the wool weig

W. clec crack, gossip. See Clack, v. t.] 1. A sharp, abrupt

acking noise, as the clapper

mportunate talk;

t is to vaunt his

ut

works. -- Clack dish, a dish with a movable lid, formerly car

is had to a pump valve. -- Clack valve (Mach.), a valve; esp. one hinged

lacks; that which clacks; esp

ueur. See

. To clothe. [

. & p. p.

. Gr. &?; a sprout + &?; a horn.] (

ead, and from four to six pairs of legs and two pairs of a

cial branch, resembling a leaf, as in the apparent foliage of the

dhesive; -- said of a roof in

), n. Se

are to cry out, call; akin to calare to proclaim, Gr. &?; to call, Skr. kal to sound, G. holen to fetch, E. hale haul.] 1.

laim. [Obs

or name. [O

; to maintai

to anything; to deduce a rig

ruler, from whom any one cl

ck

1. A demand of a right or supposed right; a calling on another for s

hing in possession of another; also, a title to anything which another should give

which any one intends to establish a right; as a s

call. [Obs

s a right. "Doth he lay clai

, a. Capable of

of clamer. Cf. Clamant.] One who claims;

n. One who cla

, a. Havin

), n. [F. See Clare-ob

persons while in a mesmeric state, of discering objects

o see. See Clear, and Vision.] Pertaining to clairvoyance; discerning

hen in a mesmeric state, to discern

Zo?l.) The bernicle goose;

the long clam (Mya arenaria), the quahog or round clam (Venus mercenaria), the sea clam or hen clam (Spisula solidissima), and ot

or cove of sand, where you may not take many c

hn Smith

lfish not much unlike a coc

(16

) Strong pinch

A kind of vise,

m. See un

. AS. cl?man to clam, smear; akin to Icel. kleima to smear, OHG. kleimjan, chl

nd there they cloyed and clammed Themsel

str

or glutinous; to stick

oisture. [R.] "The cl

ash or clangor made by ringing all

n bell ringing, a clam or clan

to call. Cf. Claimant.] Crying earnestly, bese

o, fr. L. clamare to call.] The

.] (Zo?l.) A division of passerine birds in which the vocal muscle

(Zo?l.) Like or perta

s on heated stones, between layers of seaweed; he

n, clameren, to heap together, climb; akin to Icel. klambra to clamp, G. klammern. Cf. Cl

t that clambered

nys

e act of clambe

ascend by climbin

the walls

h

w, worthless people; the

n a clammy manner. "Oo

State of being

Clam to clog, and cf. Clay.] Having the quality of being viscous or adhesive; soft

or, fr. clamare to cry out. See Claim.] 1. A great outcry or

nd continued

dissatisfaction or discontent

; exclamation;

mored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Clamo

ple wit

clamoring their

lt

with noise.

udly or repeat

piteous praye

gfe

t the strokes quickly so

arbur

or outcries; to vociferate; to com

bscur

the livel

h

(?), n. One

ting loud words; full of clamor; calling or demanding loudly or urgently; vociferous; noisy;

ly, adv. -- Cla

clasp. Cf. Clamber, Cramp.] 1. Something rigid that holds fast or binds things

lace or two parts are temporarily held together. (b) (Joinery) A piece of

r other soft material, to cover the jaws of a

the inner part of a ship's side,

to be burned; or of ore for ro

sk. See Cl

s used to fasten

p. pr. & vb. n. Clamping.] 1. To fasten with a clamp

vegetables, wi

ative word. Cf. Clank.]

read heavily or c

an with cla

cke

prongs, attached to a boot or shoe to enable the

nia scion, slip, cutting. Cf. Plant, n.] 1. A tribe or collection of families, united under a chieftain, regarded as havi

esp., a body of persons united by some common inte

e rest of his c

ol

of the enligh

rk

ulum secretly, adv. dim. of clam secretly.] Condu

clancular, but

rr

adv. privately;

f. F. clandestin.] Conducted with secrecy; withdrawn from public notice, usually for an

ncealed; underhand; sly; stealthy;

ly, adv. -- Clan*

y (?), n. Privac

ging.] [L. clangere; akin to Gr. kla`zein to clash, scream; or perh. to

s . . . clanged t

io

a clang; to resound. "C

like that made by metallic substan

word's dea

housand a

W. S

) Qualit

angere. See Clang, v. t.] A shar

gorosus.] Making a clangor; ha

g a clang, or a ringing

Same as Clamjamphrie

A sharp, brief, ringing sound, made by a collision of metallic or other sonorous bodies; -- usually

in chain

ithered with

ro

. & vb. n. Clanking.] To cause to sound with

. To sound

. Without a c

ke a clan; disposed to associate only with one's clan or clique;

y, adv. -- Cla

united together as in a clan; a

smen (#). One belonging to

appen, to clap, prate, G. klaffen, v. i., to split open, yelp, klopfen, v. t. & i., to knock.] 1. To strike; to slap; to s

bird it si

d claps its

rv

in a hasty or abrupt manner; -- ofte

to get in and c

o

nguaisher up

a

striking the hands together; to

.] Lam. ii. 15. -- To clap hold of, to seize roughly or quickly. -- To clap up. (a) To imprison hastily or

To knock, as at a d

he hands toget

ies bid t

h

gether sudden

around m

yd

h to or into. [Obs.] "Shall we clap into it rou

; to chatter loudl

. 26

llision; a bang. "Give the door such a clap, as

sound; a sud

claps o

ewi

en act or motion;

of my follow

h

f hands to expr

ed claps

di

; chatter. [O

nether part of t

k, n. -- Clap net, a net for taking b

Cf. OF. clapoi

at one edge than at the other; -- used for w

r a cask. [En

lapboards; as, to clapboard the s

. Oatmeal cake or bread clapped or bea

(Zo?l.) A bird

n. 1. A pers

ue of a bell, or the piece of wood that str

n Americam species of r

clapier.] A rab

v. t. [Clap + claw.] 1. To

the tongue; to

. Variant of Clas

1. A contrivance for cla

evice to gain a

purpose of making a show, or ga

ion of persons employed to appl

One of the claque employ

nun of the ord

heeled carriage, with one seat i

en*cieux } (?), n. (H

type having a narrow and heav

in nonparei

obscurus obscure; cf. F. clair- obscur. Cf

s clear. See Clear.] The name first given in England to the red wines of Médoc, in France, and afterwards

clear + bellus fine.] (Mus.) A soft, sweet

rda string. See Chord.] A musical instrument, formerly in use

glorification.] 1. The act or process of making clear or transpar

freeing from

cation of m

ew

), n. 1. That w

f clarification is conducted; as,

rificare; clarus clear + facere to make. See Clear, and Fact.] 1. To make clear or bright by freeing from

ee from obscurities; to

reason, and to

ut

lorify.

larifie

(John i

ransparent; to become free from feculent impurit

ear or bright

ughts, his wits and understanding do clarify

co

igare] To declare war with cert

Mus.) A wind instrument, blown by a single reed, of richer and fuller tone than the oboe, which has

t. a trumpet.] (Mus.)

lario, claro; so called from its clear tone, fr. L. clarus clea

al clarion along the

Eve

[See Clarion, Clarinet

risonus; clarus + sonus.] Hav

do, fr. clarus clear.] Clearnes

fr. clarus clear: cf. F. clarté.

se more than c

e virgin g

umo

"ro (?), n. S

ine with a mixture of honey

lara to dirt, Sw. lort mud.] To daub, smear, or

foul; muddy; filthy; dirt

rion.] To make a loud or s

scharlei, F. sclarée.] (Bot.) A plant (Salvia sc

clary flowers with brandy, etc

tive origin; cf. G. klatschen, Prov. G. kleschen, D. kletsen, Dan. klaske, E. cl

t in a contrary direction; to c

ts might clash with those o

lf

trike noisily aga

ting from collision; a noisy c

cannon and c

nys

between differing or contending

tween pope

nh

y, adv. Wit

pen, clapsen, prob. akin to E. clap.] 1. To shut or fasten together with, or as

n the hand or with the a

g to; to entwine about.

for holding together two objects or the parts of anyt

wing of the arms around; a

s or shuts into the handle. -- Clasp lock, a lock w

that which, clasps, as a tendril

any of the Crustacea. (b) One of a pair of male copulatory organs, developed on the ant

, a. Furnished

ng, kalei^n to call, E. claim, haul.] 1. A group of individuals ranked together as possessing co

ol or college, of the same standi

her on account of their common characteristics, in any classification in n

or description, s

st one cla

aul

which a church or congregation is divided, and

awn from any point to the curve. A circle is of the second class. -- Class meeting (Methodist Churc

ing.] [Cf. F. classer. See Class, n.] 1. To arrange in classes; t

t, to classify is used i

s students; to form into, or

. To groupe

amiky under wh

th

, a. Capable of

d especially to the frist class; hence, of the first rank, superior, from classis class: cf. F. cla

last memori

rama, and ref

ro

ed a classical author on this su

uth

he highest rank, or of the period when their best literature was produced; of or pertaini

midst Latium's

Hem

thors, is determined less by the purity of thei

nde

classical studies of the u

aul

y in literature and art; chaste; p

vincial, and n

aul

ers. (Arch.) S

ts author; -- originally used of Greek and Latin works or authors, bu

to the rank of a legit

aul

re of Greece and Rome, or a st

A classical idiom, style, o

upposed or assumed to be t

heres to what he thinks the cl

s"sic*al*ness (?), } n. The

lassical manner; according to

es; according to a regula

ssic idiom or expression;

earned in the classics; an

(?), a. Capable o

erizing a class or classes;

g into a class or classes; a distribution into groups, as classes, or

cation. (Science) S

o classification; admitting of classific

(?), n. One

classis class + &?;] To distribute into classes; to arrange according to a system; t

rrange; dist

(#). [L. See Class, n.] 1. A c

of that cl

ren

s the Reformed Dutch. It is intermediate between the consistory and th

lassmen(#). 1. A member

placed in an honor class, as opposed to a p

s in the same class with anot

o break.] 1. Pertaining to what may be tak

p of brok&?; fragments; as,

lattice, Gr. klh,qra.] 1. (Bot.) Sh

marked with raised lines resem

AS. clatrung a rattle, akin to D. klateren to rattle. Cf. Clack.] 1. To make a rattling

loud with

gfe

d noisily; to ratt

u dost bu

en

To make a ratt

still your b

if

e by the collision of hard bodies; also, any lo

let fall a

le and wi

nys

ose mighty feats which made su

. 26

hatter. "Hold still thy clatter

y your

dle the

Jon

(?), n. One

*ly, adv. Wi

effects it gives to those of a picture by Claude Lorrain (often written Lorraine).] A slight

audere to shut.] Shutting; confining; drawin

ns, p. pr. of claudicare to limp,

L. claudicatio.] A haltin

orical period, close, fr. claudere to shut, to end. See Close.] 1. A separate portion of a wr

estation clau

uv

r a subdivision of a sentence cont

e Letters clause or

claustralis, fr. L. claustrum. S

r.] (Anat.) A thin lamina of gray matter in each cere

clausula. See Clause, n.] Consis

See Closure.] The act of shutting up

& Zo?l.) Club-shaped; having the form of a club; growing g

imp. of Cle

), n. [F.] Th

?), n. Se

e (?), a. S

ne, F. clavel an inferior sort of soda, E. clavate.] (Old Chem.) Said of potash, prob

. [Obs.] See C

ensical talk; prattle; chatte

irely at a loss in the

cke

ey + chorda string.] (Mus.) A keyed stringed instrum

r bone, which is joined at one end to the scapula, or shoulder blade, and at the other to the sternum, or breastbone. In man each clavicle is shaped like the lette

] (Zo?l.) Having club-shaped antenn?. S

. clava club + cornu horn.] (Zo?l.) A gr

viculaire. See Clavicle.] (Anat.)

clavis key.] (Mus.) The keyboard of

the German name

va club + -form.] (Bot.) Cl

vis key + gerere to carry.] One w

club + gerere to carry.] One w

(?), a. Bearing

Claves (#), E. Clavises (#

nail.] A callous growth,

[Cf. F. claveau centerpiece of

, G. klaue, Icel. kl, Sw. & Dan. klo, and perh. to E.

armed with hooked nails; the pi

an animal, as the curved and forked

rocess, formed like a claw, as the

extracting nails, etc. -- Claw hammer coat, a dress coat of the swallowta

vb. n. Clawing.] [AS. clawan. See Claw, n.] 1. To pu

ation, as by scratching; to tickle;

up, and flatter; the poor

ll

at; to sc

es, wherein, saith he, religion, thanks be to God, is right well kept

Ful

e. "The jade Fortune is to be clawed away for it, if you should lose it." L'Estrange. -- To claw (one) on the back, to

claw, or with the hand as a claw. "Clawing [in

to windward and beat, to pr

or sycophant. [Obs.] "Take he

Flattering; syc

lawback

Ha

t. To flatter

. Furnished wit

a. Destitut

A soft earth, which is plastic, or may be molded with the hands, consisting of hydrous silicate of aluminium. It is the result of the wearing down and decom

nting the elementary particles of the human body;

ormed out o

xxxi

overed thick w

own clay s

ro

tish, smooth, chalky clay. -- Clay mill, a mill for mixing and tempering clay; a pug mill. -- Clay pit, a pit where clay is dug. -- Clay slate (Min.), argillaceous schist; argillite. -- Fatty clays, clays having a greasy feel; they are chemical compounds of water, silica, and aluminia, as halloysite, bole,

(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Claying.]

filtering throu

(?), a. Stupi

) Wattles, or hurdles, made with stakes inte

f clay; abounding with clay;

the nature of clay, or c

claidheamh sword + mor great, large. Cf. Claymore.] A larg

rican botanist.] (Bot.) An American genus of perennial herb

n. [Scot., clot

, to prevent radiation of heat, as from the

boarding of a sha

i pure, neat, graceful, small, G. klein small, and perh. to W. glan clean, pure, bright; all perh. f

ess or injurious; without defec

ling; adroit; dexterous; as, a cle

s and vulgarisms;

raint or neglect;

land, thou shalt not make clean

xxiii

ral defilement;

e a clean h

li

, and clean, an

nys

ee from ceremon

g to the morals; pure in tone; healt

ioned; shapely;

y that a ship is free from infection. -- Clean breach. See und

inder; quite; perfectly; wholly; entirely

ontrary.

were passed cle

. ii

ingly; dexterously. [Obs.] "Pope

aning.] [See Clean, a., and cf. Cleanse.] To render clean; to free f

pty; to get away from (one) all

kln"kt), a. S

One who, or tha

1. The act o

th of cows, ewe

), adv. In a c

oportioned, unblemished limbs; as,

om Cleanly.] State of being clea

s from hea

if

l. Cleanliest.] [From Clean.] 1. Habitually cl

ut cleanly c

yd

leanly platter

dsm

sture; dirt, etc. [Obs.] "With cle

lful; dexterous

e handling and

en

v. 1. In a clean

ry cleanl

ck

ly; without

dexterously

es. See Clean.] 1. The stat

guage; freedom from lice

'l), a. Capable of be

. Cleansing.] [AS. clnsian, fr. clne clean. See Clean.] To render cl

the blood of Jesus Christ his

hn i

t minister to

e sweet obli

fed bosom of th

ghs upon

h

e.] One who, or that which, cl

Well- proportioned; sym

rus, clear, bright, loud, distinct, renowned; perh. akin to L. clamare to call, E. claim. Cf. Chanticleer

o transparent,

nh

moon, clea

cles

nctness; lucid; perspicuous; plai

lear; whatever

o

acute; penetrating; discriminating;

ence! now I f

ear, not onl

causes, but to

hest a

lt

with passion; s

untenance

hip wears

h

tinctly heard; a

numbers so

teal upo

o

re; entirely pur

uch as freckles or knots; as, a

guilt or stai

riend to truth!

thful, and in

o

ion; in full; net;

shed that

x hundred po

if

truction; unobstructed; as, a c

. . left the wa

di

embarrassment;

poral whisper

ightly tipped, wo

a

ne day to another, excluding both the first and last day; as, from Sunday to Sund

parent; luminous; obvious; visible; plain; evide

especially; the distance between the nearest surfaces of two bodies,

In a clear ma

ar I un

thoughts have s

lt

olly; quite; entirely; as

r. & vb. n. Clearing.] 1. To render bright,

ies and clears t

yd

mpurities; to cla

ambiguity; to relive of per

ty points

scuss, but f

io

acute, as the understandi

would clear up the

di

less, or offensive; as, to clear land of trees or brushwood, or from stones; to clear the s

ur mind

John

le; and the art of the statuary only

di

to justify, vindicate, or acquit; -- ofte

he will clear me

yd

t thou clea

di

ithout touching or failure; as, t

ithout deduc

ch she cleared

aul

-- To clear a ship for action, or To clear for action (Naut.), to remove incumbrances from the decks, and prepare for an engagement. -- To clear the land (Naut.), to gain such a distance from

. 26

from clouds or fog; to become fair; -

clears not w

h

tay till the we

if

incumbrances, distress, or entan

f out of straits, he will revert to his customs; but he

co

checks and bills, and settle balan

e; as, the steamer clea

go or run away; t

act of removing anyt

he act of clearing; as, to

vessel has been cleared at the

t to seizure for want

u

net profit

nd cylinder head at the end of a stroke in a steam engine, or the least distance between the poi

at the beginning of a stroke; waste room. It includes the space caused by the piston's clearance and the space in ports, pa

ing a sharp, distinct outl

a cold and c

nys

and distinc

, n. The quality

clearedness, by his foes to th

Ful

1. One who, or th

ful clearer of t

di

hemp for lines and twines, us

derstanding; quick of perception; intelligent.

"-head`e

The act or proces

clearing of

ut

d cleared of wood

ng on the shore

urro

ing an exchange of checks held by each against t

een adopted by railroads for adjus

the balances adjusted

nt where the business of cleari

dv. In a cl

e quality or stat

belongs essentially to style. Hence we speak of a writer as having clear ideas, a clear arrangement, and perspicuous phraseology. We do at times speak of a person's having great clearness of style; but in such

clear physical or mental visio

(?), a. Shinin

eeing with clearness; discern

d*ness, n. Acu

. & vb. n. Clearstraching.] To stiffen with starch, and then ma

(?), n. One wh

The upper story of the nave of a church, contai

partially transparent wings, of the family ?geriad?, o

ball, Ger. kloss, klotz, lump. clod, MHG. klz

n transversely to something in order to give

be taken with a line or rope so as to hold securely and yet be readily released.

To strengthen

Capable of cleavin

1. The act of clea

re definite directions, in which the cohesive attraction is a minimum, affording more or less smooth sur

the lamination not necessarily parallel to the pla

vage parallel to the faces of a cube. -- Diagonal cleavage, cleavage parallel to ta diagonal plane. -- Egg clavage. (Biol.) See Segmentation. -- Lateral cleavage, cleavage parallel to the lateral plan

vien, cliven, AS. cleofian, clifian; akin to OS. klibn, G. kleben, LG. kliven, D. kleven, Dan. kl?be, Sw. klibba, and als

cleave to

ci

gypt . . . shall

xxvi

aves close to

runk, conceali

wp

ly in interest or affection; t

his father and his mother, a

ii.

o the Lord

xxii

adapted; to ass

rs come

garments, cleave

the aid

h

p. pr. & vb. n. Cleaving.] [OE. cleoven, cleven, AS. cleófan; akin to OS. klioban, D. klooven, G. klieben, Icel. kljfa, Sw. klyfva, D

hast cleft my

h

open natural

the hoof, and cleaveth

. xi

crack; to separate; as parts of bod

ives shall clea

. xi

Parker Cleaveland.] (Min.) A variety of

h cleaves; especially, a butcher's instrument

Aparine), having a fruit set with hooked bristles, which adhere to whatev

figure, and of the color of the field, so large that only a narrow border of the

?), a. Se

.] (Mining.) The upper s

orn, clayey, or tenacious; a

. A claw. [O

Zo?l.) The

See Clavicle.] (Mus.) A character used in musical notation to deter

ctively C, F, and G. The F or bass clef, and the G or treble clef, are fixed in their positions upon the staff. The C clef may have three positions. It may be placed upon the first or lower line of the staff, in which case it is calle

s clef. See un

imp. & p. p.

ded; split; partl

early to the midrib

G. kluft. See Cleave to split and cf. 2d Clift, 1st Clough.] 1. A space or ope

by splitting; as

horses; a crack on th

efts. See un

crevice; fissur

(?), a. Havin

graft by cleaving the stock a

. Gael. crethleag.] (Zo?l.) A small breeze o

e the usual flowers, other minute, closed flowers, without petals or with minute petals; -- said of certain species of plan

r G. klemmen to pinch, Icel. kl?mbra, E. cl

. fr. klh^ma twig, shoot, fr. kla^n to break off.] (Bot.) A genus of flowering plants, of many species, m

n. Clemency.

lemens mild, calm.] 1. Disposition to forgive and spare, as

d tender zeal tow

ow

ied for the r

aul

of the elements; as, the

indulgence; lenity; mercy; gen

f. F. cl&?;ment.] Mild in temper and di

m"ent*

t. Clement of Rome and the spurious homilies attributed to

n. & v. t.

p. pr. & vb. n. Cleping. Cf. Ycleped.] [AS. clepan, cleopia

son was cle

au

make appeal; t

oe, and to the

engeance of t

for

resh-water leeches, furnished with a prob

r.] A water clock; a contrivance for measuring time by the graduated flow o

. 26

a (?), n. [NL.]

lr"st`r), n. Sa

im. of clerc. See Clerk.] A c

earned; erudite; cle

ining to the clergy; clerical;

onfused with OF. clergié, F. clergé, fr. LL. clericatus office of priest, monastic life, fr. L. clericus priest,

, in the Christian church, in distinction from the laity; in England,

so, a learned p

. rhetoric, an

f War

nd sons to lea

Papers

lege or bene

ny, he is entitled equally to his

cks

s extended to all who could read, such persons being, in the eye of the law, clerici, or clerks. This privilege was abridged and modified by

r admitting, the benefit of clergy;

gularly authorized to preach the gospel, and administer its ordinances

lericus. See Clerk.] A clerk,

, a. Same a

] 1. Of or pertaining to the clergy; suitable

or copyist, or to writing.

an error made in c

to the interests of the sacerdotal order; u

n. The state of

cia. See Clergy.] 1. The lit

heir opinions, as o

cleric, clerk, priest, fr. L. clericus, fr. Gr. klhriko`s belonging to the clergy, fr. klh^ros

d clerks that served i

li

son; a man of letters. [Obs.] "Every one that cou

he was perfectly well verse

rk

reading the responses of the Episcopal church s

tered clerk st

h

ccounts; a scribe; an accountant; as

e crown . . . w

ry

er subordinate to a higher officer, board, corporation, or person; whereas a

t in a shop or

A feast for the benefit of the

Unlearned. [Obs

, a. Scholarlik

(?), n. Scho

or pertaining to

n a scholarly ma

te, quality, or bu

-mancy; cf. F. cléromancie.] A divina

?; inheritance + &?; to pos

(?), n. Se

connected with E. cleave to divide, split, the meaning of E. clever perh. coming from the idea of grasping, s

during the latter half of the seventeenth cen

aul

aid, and let who

ings

n the doer or former; as, a clev

ss, propriety,

sound m

to my heir

if

he girl was a tight, clever

ured; oblig

- See

?), a. Somewh

adv. In a cl

man so cle

Sma

ity of being clever; skil

See In

ow, with the two ends perforated to receive a pin, used on the end of the tongue of a plow,

, OHG. chliwa, chliuwa, G. dim. kleuel, kn?uel, and perch. to L. gluma hull, husk, Skr. glaus sort of ball or

his decei

en

ng of a doubtful or intricate nature; that wh

to enter the vast and intricate maze of

aul

a fore-and- aft sail. (b.) A loop and thimbles at the corner of a sail

yards. -- Clew line (Naut.), a rope by which a clew of one of the smaller square sails, as topsail, topgallant sail, or r

g.] [Cf. D. kluwenen. See Clew, n.] 1. To

w me out the w

. &&

ans of the clew garnets, clew lines, etc.; esp. t

hauling on the clew lines. -- To clew up (Naut.)

tereotype.] A stereotype plate or any similar re

odcut, or the like, by striking it suddenly upon metal which has b

n onomatopoetic word: cf. OF. cliquier. See Clack, and cf. Clink, Clique.] To make a

ock that clicked

dsm

To move with the

the bolt which he

cke

ng noise, as by striking tog

ed all his m

Jo

ilkmaids cli

nys

p noise, such as is made b

tongue from a part of the mouth with which it is in contact, whereby a sharp, clicking sound is produced. The sounds are four in number, a

lichen. Cf. Clutch.] To sna

pawl, or ratchet, as that which catches the cogs of a ratchet

of a door.

e (?). (Zo?l.

ands before a shop door to inv

s has charge of the w

atch of a door. See 5th Click.] 1.

key. [Eng

; abounding in clicks. "Their stra

key.] (Paleon.) A genus of extinct marine reptiles

n. State of b

ere to be named or called; akin to Gr. &?; to hear, Skr. ?ry, and E. loud: cf. F. client. See Loud.] 1. (Rom. Anti

ne under the prot

are your frien

ul to dis

Jon

legal adviser, or submits

, n. 1. State o

f clients.

a. Of or pertain

and client

rk

in the clie

ck

a. Supplied wi

cliented p

Car

(?), n. See C

. F. clientèle.] 1. The condition or positi

dependents of a

es of another person; one's clients, collectively;

a client; state of being under t

klip, Icel. klif, Dan. & G. klippe, Sw. klippa; perh. orig. a

llow (Petrochelidon lunifrons), which build

Mus.) See C

farther west, presenting bluffs along the rivers and valleys, formerly supposed

Having cliffs;

ee 1st Cliff, n.

craggy clifts

en

.] 1. A cleft of crack;

e legs; the crotc

m Clift a cleft.]

Ande&?; cl

ing

, round of a ladder, fr. &?; ladder: cf. F.

climactericus, Gr. &?;. See Climacter

place in the constitution. The critical periods are thought by some to be the years produc

critica

, to live during one of the gr

ut

teric, the sixty-thir

n, in my grand climacteric, to squall in their new accents, or to stammer

rk

(?), a. & n. See C

), a. Climati

e + Gr. &?; to rule.] Presiding

e of the earth, fr. &?; to slope, incline, akin to E. lean, v. i. See Lean, v. i., and cf. Clime.] 1. (Anc. Geog.) One of thirty regions or zones, parallel to t

nomena of the atmosphere, as temperature, moisture, et

i. To dwell.

aining to a climate; dependin

*al (?), a

. Climatized (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Climat

. [Climate + -graphy.] A

(?), a. Of or pertai

n. One versed in, or wh

matologie.] The science which treats of climates and

n. [Cf. F. climature.]

; to make to bend, to lean. See Ladder, Lean, v. i.] 1. Upw

e or paragraph are so arranged that each succeeding

patience experience, and expe

. Fo

point; the gr

er for the climax

Tay

. 26

s everything, as in excellen

. n. Climbing.] [AS. climban; akin to OHG. chlimban, G. & D. klimmen, Icel. klfa, and E.

with effort; to ris

limb aloft, an

yd

out a support, or by attaching itself by tendrils

eans of the hands and feet, or

ne who climbs; ascent

, a. Capable of

: (a) (Bot.) A plant that climbs. (b) (Zo?l.) A

Clamber.] To climb; to mount with

. pr. & vb.

. -- Climbing perch. (Zo?l.)

imate.] A climate; a tract or r

e to s

climes a noble

dsm

&?; flower.] (Bot.) The receptacle of the flowe

rop. causative of clink to cause to clink, to strike; cf. D. klinken to tinkle, rivet. See Clink.]

close tightly; as, to clinch

ng that has been driven through an object), s

onfirm; to establish; as, t

to grasp something firmly; t

ves to hold fast; a grip; a grasp; a clamp; a holdfast; as, to get a goo

pun.

s made fast to the ring of an anchor, or the

o, or that which, clinches;

dispute or controvers

t (?), a. See

, to wither; akin to Dan. klynge to cluster, crowd. Cf. Clump.] To adhere closely; to stick; to hold fast, especially

hath life

ouldst cling

Hem

dhere to, especially by twini

close to his s

if

o dry up or

speak'

tree shalt t

mine cl

h

ence; attachmen

us cling to wo

lt

ly to the stone, as in some kinds of peaches. -- n.

. Apt to cling

inical.] 1. One confine

ceives baptism on a s

n which medicine or surgery is taught by the examination

. kli`nh bed, fr. kli`nein to lean, recline: cf. F. clinique. See

inic, or to the study of di

cal lecture (Med.), a discourse upon medical topics illustrated by the exhibition and examination of living patients. -- Clinical me

, adv. In a c