Journeys Through Bookland, Vol. 7

at gathered in her mind, after Tom and Lucy had walked away, was not so simple as that of goi

gested that he should stain his face brown, and they should run away together; but Tom rejected the scheme with contempt, observing that gypsies were thieves, and hardly got anything to eat, and had nothing to drive but a donkey. To-day, however, Maggie thought her misery had reached a pitch at which gypsydom was her only refuge, and she rose from her seat on the roots of the tree with the sense that this was a great crisis in her life; she would run straight away till sh

lane in front of her; she had not thought of meeting strangers, she had been too much occupied with the idea of her friends coming after her. The formidable strangers were two shabby-looking men with flushed faces, one of them carrying a bundle on a stick over his shoulder; but to her surprise, while she was dreading their disapprobation as a runaway, the man with the bundle stopped, and in a half-whining, half-coaxing tone asked her if she had a copper to give a poor man. Maggie had a sixpence in her pocket, which she immediately drew out and gave this poor man with a polite smile, hoping that he would feel very kindly toward her as a generous person. "That's the only money I've got," she said apolog

e was getting out of reach very fast, and she would probably soon come within sight of Dunlow Common, or at least of some other common, for she had heard her father say that she couldn't go very far without coming to a common. She hoped so, for she was getting rather tired and hungry, and until she reached the gypsies there was no definite pro

impulse. She had rushed into the adventure of seeking her unknown kindred, the gypsies; and now she was in this strange lane, she hardly dared look on one side of her, lest she should see the diabolical blacksmith in his leathern apron grinning at her with arms akimbo. It was not without a leaping of the heart that she caught sight of a small pair of bare legs sticking up, feet uppermost, by the side of a hillock; they seemed something hideously preternatural,-a diabolical kind of fungus; for she was too much agitated at the first glance to see the ragged clothes and the dark shaggy head attached to them. It was a boy asleep, and Maggie trotted along faster and more lightly, lest she should wake him; it did not occur to her that he was one of her friends the gypsies, who in all probability would have very genial manners. But the fact was so, for at the next bend in the lane M

d up in the new face rather tremblingly as it approached, and was reassured by the thought that her aunt Pullet and the rest were right when they called her

u going to?" the gypsy said,

; the gypsies saw at once that she was a little

f she were saying what she had rehearsed in

e, to be sure!" said the gypsy, taking her by the hand. Maggie

nding his head over a tall girl, who, lying on her back, was scratching his nose and indulging him with a bite of excellent stolen hay. The slanting sunlight fell kindly upon them, and the scene was really very pretty and comfortable, Maggie thought, only she hoped they would soon set out the teacups. Everything would be quite charming when she

ome to stay with us? Sit ye down

d to be called pretty lady and treate

mean to be a gypsy. I'll live with you if you

taking off Maggie's bonnet and looking at it while she made an observation to the old woman, in the unknown language. The tall girl snatched the bonnet and pu

te long till yesterday, when I cut it off; but I dare say it will grow again very soon," she added apologetically, thinking it probable the gypsi

I'm sure," said the old woman. "Didn't

e, but I came away in a hurry, you know. But I can tell you almost everything there is in my books, I've read them so many times, and that will amuse

at influence over them. The gypsies themselves were not without amazement at this talk, though their attention was divided b

ittle lady?" said the old wom

lf the world, and they put chains on him and treated him very badly, you know; it's in my C

e of herself, with a sudden drop from pat

man. "Give her some o' the cold victual. You're been walk

Mr. Tulliver, but we mustn't let him know where I am, else he'l

nger woman. The tall girl meanwhile was constantly staring at

queen you might be glad when she died, and you could choose another.

d the old woman, handing to Maggie a lump

thout taking it; "but will you give me some brea

old woman, with something like a scowl,

d and treacle woul

ome platters and spoons. Maggie trembled a little, and was afraid the tears would come into her eyes. Meanwhile the tall girl gave a shrill cry, and presently came running up the boy whom Maggie had passed as he was sleeping,-a rough urchin about the age of Tom. He stared at Maggie, and there ensued much incomprehensible chattering. She felt very lonely, and was quite sure she should begin to cry before long; the gypsies didn't seem to mind her at all, and she felt quite weak among them. But the s

d ever be queen of these people, or ever com

conversation became of that pacific kind which implies curiosity on one side and the power of sati

y's come to live with

them all except the thimble to the younger woman, with some observation, and she immediately restored them to Maggie's pocket, while the men seated thems

e would willingly have given it to him, for she was not at all attached to her thimble; but the idea that she was among thieves prevented her from feeli

" said the old woman, in her coaxing tone.

ng the bread and bacon, dared not refuse the stew, though fear had chased away her appetite. If her father would but come by in the gig and take her up! Or even if Jack the Giantkiller, or Mr. Greatheart, or Saint George

ometimes read the dictionary; so that in traveling over her small mind you would have found the most unexpected ignorance as well as unexpected knowledge. She could have informed you that there was such a word as "polygamy," and being also ac

radual cooking; the suspicion crossed her that the fierce-eyed old man was in fact the Devil, who might drop that transparent disguise at any moment, and turn either into a grinning blacksmith, or else a fiery-eyed monster with dragon's wings. It was no use trying to eat the st

id the young woman, observing that Maggie did not e

e in a friendly way. "I haven't time, I think; it seems getting darker. I think I must go home n

n was gullible; but her hope sank when the old gypsy woman said, "Stop a bit, stop a bit, littl

though she presently saw the tall girl putting a bridle

, rising, and leading the donkey forward, "tell

d Maggie, eagerly. "My father i

little way this si

r off? I think I should like

st make haste. And the donkey'll carr

elieved that it was not the old man who seemed to be going with her

ised but now welcome article of costume on Maggie's head; "and you'll say we've

'd go with me too." She thought anything was better than going with one of the

you?" said the woman. "But I can

ONDEST O' ME,

e had ever seemed to her more horrible. When the woman had patted her on the back and said "Good-bye," the donkey, at a strong hint from the man's stick, set off at a rapid walk along the lane toward t

f-a-crown. The red light of the setting sun seemed to have a portentous meaning, with which the alarming bray of the second donkey with the log on its foot must surely have some connection. Two low thatched cottages-the only houses

iles." The gypsy really meant to take her home, then; he was probably a good man, after all, and might have been rather hurt at the thought that she didn't like coming with him alone. This idea became stronger as she felt more and more certain that she knew the road q

ied out. "There's my fat

hed her, she was sobbing. Great was Mr. Tulliver's wonder, fo

checking his horse, while Maggie slipped fro

ur tent at the far end o' Dunlow Lane, and I was bringing her where she sa

good to bring me home," said M

llings. "It's the best day's work you ever did. I couldn't a

e along, while she laid her head against her father and sob

way because I was so unhappy; Tom was

you mustn't think o' running away from father.

er will again,

ie never heard one reproach from her mother, or one taunt from Tom, about this foolish business of her running away to the gypsies. M

us in these chapters, Tom, Maggie and littl

hor meant us to rece

d as many passages as you can which prove your answers to these

es Tom seem to you worthy of the intense affection she bestows upon him? Do you thi

as we have of Maggie Tulliver in The Mill on the Floss. This is to be in part accou

RILL

l du C

t. It was a lovely morning; the sky was almost cloudless, and all around was still as death, except the slight rustling of the tree tops moved by the gentle land breeze. When I reached the place, I had first to pick my way through the maze of tree stumps and half-burnt logs by the side of a field of cassada. I was going quietly along the borders of this, when I hea

ey first grasped the base of the stem with one of their feet, and then with their powerful arms pulled it down, a matter of not much difficulty with so loosely formed a stem as that of the plantain. They then set upon the juicy heart of the trees at the bases of the leaves, and devoured it with great voracity. While eating they made a kind of clucking noise, expressive of contentment. Many trees they d

r two hills, with a deep hollow between, planted with sugar cane. Before I had crossed the hollow I saw on the opposite slope a monstrous gorilla, standing erect and looking directly towards me. Without turning my face I beckoned to the boy to bri

ground. Artists, in representing the gorilla walking, generally make the arms too much bowed outwards, and the elbows too much bent; this gives the figures an appearance of heaviness and awkwardness. When the gorillas that I watched left their plantain trees, they move

ts in confinement I described in 'Equatorial Africa,' this one showed the most violent and ungovernable disposition. He tried to bite every one who came near him, and was obliged to be secured by a forked stick closely applied to the back of his neck. This mode of imprisoning these animals is a very improper one if the object be to keep them alive

e gorillas, and was willing to give a high price for them, that many were stimulate

r female child, screaming terribly; and lastly, a vigorous young male, also tightly bound. The female had been ingeniously secured by the negroes to a strong stick, the wrists bound to the upper part and the ankles to the lower, so that she could not reach to tear the cords with her teeth. It was dark, and the scene w

WITH H

e immediately made a rush at me, screaming with all his might; happily the chain was made fast, and I took care afterwards to keep out of his way. The old mother gorilla was in an u

ately ran back. This corresponds with what is known of the habits of the large males in their native woods; when attacked they make a

I photographed them both when the young one was resting in its dead mother's lap. I kept the young one alive for three days after its mother's death. It moaned at night most piteously. I fed it on goat's milk, for it was too young to eat berries. It died the fourth day, having taken an unconquerable dislike to the milk. It had, I think, begun to know me

nk of the Fernand Vaz, about thirty miles above my village. At this part a narrow promontory projects into the river. It was the place where I had intended to take the distinguished traveler, Captain Burton,

emale gorillas, some of them accompanied by their young ones, in her plantain field. The men resol

hey came in sight of them, they made all the noise in their power, and thus bewildered the gorillas, who were shot or beaten down in their endeavors to escape. There were eig

at least it is now clear that, at certain times of the year, it goes in bands more numerous than those I saw in my former journey. Then I never saw more than five together. I have myself seen, on my present expedition, two of these bands of gorillas, numbering eight or ten, and have had authentic accounts from the natives of other similar bands. It is true that, when

ear. He is then not found in the districts usually resorted

ery well for a few weeks, I am told, as long as the supply of bananas lasted which I placed on board for his sustenance. The repugnance of the gorilla to cooked food, or any sort of food except the fruits and juicy plants he obtains in his own wilds, will always be a di

a stick, for fear of his biting me. When he was angry I saw him often beat the ground and his legs with his fists, thus showing a similar habit to that of the adult gorillas, which I described as beating their breasts with their fists when confronting an enemy. Before lying down to rest he used to pack his straw very carefully as a bed to lie on. Tom used to wake me in the

nd kept them until I should have completed my whole series of photographs of African subjects. They are now, unfortunately, los

d not seize the proper moment to pass the breakers; their hesitation was very near proving fatal, for a huge billow broke over them and filled the boat. It did not, happily, upset, but they had to return. Captain Berridge thus escaped with a wetting, and the Potamochoerus and eagles were half drowned. As to poor Tom, the bath,

CL

y Byssh

owers for the th

eas and th

hade for the l

noonday

are shaken the

t buds e

rest on their m

nces abou

flail of the

the green p

in I dissolv

as I pass

ow on the mou

reat pines

ight 'tis my

in the arms

e towers of m

g, my pi

der is fettere

es and how

d ocean, with

ot is gu

love of the g

ths of the

and the crags

akes and t

eam, under mou

t he love

ile bask in heav

s dissolvin

unrise, with h

ning plumes

back of my

rning star

jag of a mo

thquake rock

lit, one mo

t of its go

y breathe, from th

of rest a

son pall of

epth of he

ded I rest on

as a broo

iden with whi

als call

ing o'er my fl

night bree

the beat of h

y the ang

the woof of my t

eep behind

o see them wh

arm of go

he rent in my

m rivers, la

he sky fallen th

d with the mo

's throne with

's with a gi

dim, and the sta

rlwinds my b

ape, with a br

torre

of, I hang

ains its

arch, through

cane, fire

f the air are cha

llion-col

e above its so

st earth was

ghter of ear

ursling o

he pores of the

but I ca

ain, when, with

on of heav

sunbeams, with t

he blue do

augh at my o

the caver

the womb, like a g

d upbuild

NEIG

y David

ught school, he did not make it earn his living for him. His theory was that life and energy were being wasted when a man spent in working more time than he absolutely needed to in order to provide himself with necessities; and this theory he carried out in his own life. While he lived in Concord, h

isure for the things he liked best-the study of nature, the grappling with philosophical problems, and the society of friends. The result of the two years

sed to pay his taxes, and was thrown into jail; his friends remonstrated with him, but still he refused to pay. However, when his friends pai

imals, which are contained in th

eighbors; as if nothing but a mouse could have filled this crevice? I suspect that Pilpay & Co. have put animal

gs, would come out regularly at lunch time and pick up the crumbs at my feet. It probably had never seen a man before; and it soon became quite familiar, and would run over my shoes and up my clothes. It could readily ascend the sides of the room by short impulses, like a squirrel, which it resembled in its motions. At length, as I leaned with my elbow on the bench

bille, that you cannot, for a few moments, detect what kind of creature it is. The young squat still and flat, often running their heads under a leaf, and mind only their mother's directions given from a distance, nor will your approach make them run again and betray themselves. You may even tread on them, or have your eyes on them for a minute, without discovering them. I have held them in my open hand at such a time, and still their only care, obedient to their mother and their instinct, was to squat there without fear or trembling. So perfect is this instinct, that once, when I had laid them on the leaves again, and one accidentally fell on its side, it was found with the rest in exactly the same position ten minutes afterward. They are not callow like the young of most birds, but more perfectly developed and precocious eve

e approach to this was through a succession of descending grassy hollows, full of young pitch pines, into a larger wood about the swamp. There, in a very secluded and shaded spot, under a spreading white pine, there was yet a clean firm sward to sit on. I had dug out the spring and made a well of clear gray water, where I could dip up a pailful without roiling it, and thither I went for this purpose almost every day in midsummer, when the pond was warmest. Thither, too, the woodcock led her brood, to probe the mud for worms, flying but a foot above them down the bank, while they ran in a troop beneath; but at last, spying me, she would leave her young and circle round and

OF TH

ller red champion had fastened himself like a vise to his adversary's front, and through all the tumblings on that field never for an instant ceased to gnaw at one of his feelers near the root, having already caused the other to go by the board; while the stronger black one dashed him from side to side, and, as I saw on looking nearer, had already divested him of several of his members. They fought with more pertinacity than bulldogs. Neither manifested the least disposition to retreat. It was evident that their battle-cry was "Conquer or die." In the meanwhile there came along a single red ant on the hillside of this valley, evidently full of excitement, who either had despatched his foe, or had not yet taken part in the battle; probably the latter, for he had lost none of his limbs; whose mother had charged him to return with his shield or upon it. Or perchance he was some Achilles, who had nourished his wrath apart, and had now come to avenge or rescue his Patroclus. He saw this unequal combat from afar-for the blacks were nearly twice the size of the red-he drew near with rapid pace till he stood on his guard within half an inch of the combatants; then, watching his opportunity, he sprang upon the black warrior, and commenced his operations near the root of his right fore-leg, leaving

e sufferer's eyes shone with ferocity such as war only could excite. They struggled half an hour longer under the tumbler, and when I looked again the black soldier had severed the heads of his foes from their bodies, and still living heads were hanging on either side of him like ghastly trophies at his saddle-bow, still apparently as firmly fastened as ever, and he was endeavoring with feeble struggles, being without feelers and with only the remnant of a leg, and I know not how many other wounds, to divest himself of them; which at length, aft

of a pear tree," adds that "'This action was fought in the pontificate of Eugenius the Fourth, in the presence of Nicholas Pistoriensis, an eminent lawyer, who related the whole history of the battle with the greatest fidelity.' A similar engagement between great and small ants is recorded by Olaus Magnus, in which the small ones, being victorio

appears quite at home in the woods, and, by her sly and stealthy behavior, proves herself more native there than the regular inhabitants. Once, when berrying, I met with a cat with young kittens in the woods, quite wild, and they all, like their mother, had their backs up and were fiercely spitting at me. A few years before I lived in the woods there was what was called a "winged cat" in one of the farmhouses in Lincoln nearest the pond, Mr. Gilian Baker's. When I called to see her in June, 1842, she was gone a-hunting in the woods, as was her wont (I am not sure whether it was a male or female, and so use the more common pronoun), but her mistress told me that she came into the neighborhood a little more than a year before, in April, and was finally taken into their house; that she was of a dark brownish

some on that, for the poor bird cannot be omnipresent; if he dive here he must come up there. But now the kind October wind rises, rustling the leaves and rippling the surface of the water, so that no loon can be heard or seen, though his foes sweep the pond with spyglasses, and make the woods resound with their discharges. The waves generally rise and dash angrily, taking sides with all waterfowl, and our sportsmen must beat a retreat to town and shop and unfi

ng out from the shore toward the middle a few rods in front of me, set up his wild laugh and betrayed himself. I pursued with a paddle and he dived, but when he came up I was nearer than before. He dived again, but I m

G FOR T

tion. He led me at once to the widest part of the pond, and could not be driven from it. While he was thinking one thing in his brain, I was endeavoring to divine his thought in mine. It was a pretty game, played on the smooth surface of the pond, a man against a loon. Suddenly your adversary's checker disappears beneath the board, and the problem is to place yours nearest to where his will appear again. Sometimes he woul

riably betray himself the moment he came up by that loud laugh? Did not his white breast enough betray him? He was indeed a silly loon, I thought. I could commonly hear the splash of the water when he came up, and so also detected him. But after an hour he seemed as fresh as ever, dived as willingly and swam yet further than at first. It was surprising to see how serenely he sailed off with unruffled breast when he came to the surface, doing all the work with his webbed feet beneath. His usual note was this demoniac laughter, yet somewhat like that of a waterfowl; but occasionally, when he had balked me most successfully and come up a long way off, he uttered a long-drawn unearthly howl, probably more like that of a wolf than any bird; as when a beast puts his muzzle to the ground and deliberately howls. This was

O A S

y Byssh

ery common; and despite the fact that it is dull of plumage, there are few birds which are more universally loved. For the song which it pours forth as it soars upward in spiral curves and fl

hee, blit

ou neve

heaven,

thy fu

rains of unpr

still a

earth tho

cloud o

deep thou

dost soar, and soa

golden

sunke

clouds are

t float

d joy whose rac

SK

le pur

ound thy

star of

broad d

but yet I hear th

are th

silver

tense la

hite daw

see, we feel t

earth

y voice

n night

e lonel

her beams, and he

u art we

most l

w clouds th

o brigh

sence showers a

poet

ight of

hymns

world i

h hopes and fea

high-bo

alace

g her l

n secr

as love, which ov

glowwor

dell

ing unb

a?ri

nd grass, which scr

rose em

wn green

winds de

e scent

o much sweet these

f verna

twinkli

akened

hat e

, and fresh, thy

, sprite

thoughts

never

of love

th a flood of r

s Hym

umphal

th thine w

empty

we feel there is

ts are the

happy

or waves, o

es of sky

e own kind? what

clear, ke

r cann

of an

ame nea

t ne'er knew lo

g or

death

ore true

mortal

notes flow in suc

before a

for wha

cerest

e pain i

are those that tell

we coul

d pride,

ere thi

shed

hy joy we ever s

han all

ightfu

han all

books ar

were, thou scorn

half th

brain m

rmoniou

lips wou

listen then, as I

ND IN

y David

stion on her lips. I awoke to an answered question, to Nature and daylight. The snow lying deep on the earth dotted with young pines, and the very slope of the hill on which my house is placed, seemed to say, Forward! Nature puts no question and answers none which we mortals ask. She has long ago taken her

ING T

heaviest teams, and perchance the snow covers it to an equal depth, and it is not to be distinguished from any level field. Like the marmots in the surrounding hills, it closes its eyelids and becomes dormant for three months or more. Standing on the snow-covered plain, as if in a pasture amid the hills, I cut my way first through a foot of snow, and then a foot of ice, and open a window und

tificial. They never consulted with books, and know and can tell much less than they have done. The things which they practice are said not yet to be known. Here is one fishing for pickerel with grown perch for bait. You look into his pail with wonder as into a summer pond, as if he kept summer locked up at home, or knew where she had retreated. How, pray, did he get these in mid-winter? Oh, he got worms out of rotten logs since the ground froze, and so he caught them. His life itself passes deeper in Nature than th

hich were four or five rods apart and an equal distance from the shore, and having fastened the end of the line to a stick to prevent its being pulled through, have passed the slack line over a twig of the alder,

cod and haddock whose fame is trumpeted in our streets. They are not green like the pines, nor any gray like the stones, nor blue like the sky; but they have, to my eyes, if possible, yet rarer colors, like flowers and precious stones, as if they were the pearls, the animalized nuclei or crystals of the Walden water. They, of course, are Walden all over and all through; are themselves small Waldens in the animal kingdom, Waldenses. It i

ON F

yard K

rthwith. I could push the wagon about with one hand, so light was its structure. The team was purely American-that is to say, almost human in its intelligence and docility. Some one said that the roads were not good on the way to Clackamas and warned us against smashing the springs. "Portland," who had watched the preparations, finally reckoned "he'd come along, too," and under heavenly skies we three com

ay wagons. Then we struck into the woods along what California called a "camina reale,"-a good road,-and Portland a "fair track." It wound in and out among fire-blackened stumps, under pine trees, along the corners of log-fences, through hollows which must be hopeless marsh in winter, and up absurd gradients. But nowhere throughout its length did I see any evidence of road-making. There was a track,-you couldn't well get off it,-and it was all you could do to stay on it. The dust lay a foot thick i

on F

e our brethren therefore. We shouted aloud in chorus to scare a wild cat; we squabbled over the reasons that had led a snake to cross a road; we heaved bits of bark at a venturesome chipmunk, who was really the little gray squirrel of India and had come to call on me; we lost our way and got the wagon so beautifully fixed on a steep road that we had to tie the two hind-wheels to get it down. Above all, California told tales of Nevada and Arizona, of lonely nights spent out prospecting, of the slaughter of deer and th

on goes to smoke his pipe after meals. Set such a stream amid fields of breast-high crops surrounded by hills of pine, throw in where you please quiet

ne cutting the water like a tide-rip behind him, and the light bamboo bowed to breaking. What happened after I cannot tell. California swore and prayed, and Portland shouted advice, and I did all three for what appeared to be half a day, but was in reality a little over a quarter of an hour, and sullenly our fish came home with spurts of temper, dashes head-on, and sarabands in the air; but home to the bank came he, and the remorsele

opper the line, but I did not feel it till later, for my soul was out in the dancing water praying for him to turn ere he took my tackle away. The prayer was heard. As I bowed back, the butt of the rod on my left hip-bone and the top joint dipping like unto a weeping willow, he turned, and I accepted each inch of slack that I could by any means get in as a favor from on high. There be several sorts of success in this world that taste well in the moment of enjoyment, but I question whether the stealthy theft of line from an able-bodied salmon who knows exactly what you are doing and why you are doing it is not sweeter than any other victory wi

practicable landing. Portland bade us both be of good heart, and volunteered to take the rod from my hands. I would rather have died among the pebbles than surrender the right to play and land my first salmon, weight unknown, on an eight-ounce rod. I heard California, at my ear

than he backed like a torpedo boat, and the snarl of the reel told me that my labor was in vain. A dozen times at least this happened ere the line hinted that he had given up the battle and would be towed in. He was towed. The landing net was useless for one of his size, and I would not have him gaffed. I stepped into the shallows and heaved him out with a respectful hand under the gill, for which kindness he battered me about the legs with his tail, and I felt the strength of him and was proud. California had taken my place in the shallows, his fish hard held. I was up on the bank lying full length on the sweet-scented grass, gasping in company with my first salmon caught, played, and landed on an eight-ounce rod. My hands were cut and bleeding. I was dripping with sweat, spangled like harlequin with scales, wet fro

y an unknown leviathan. Each fish, for the merits of the three that had died so gamely, was hastily hooked on the balance and flung back, Portland recording the weight in a pocketbook, for he was a real-estate man. Each fish fought for all he was worth, and none more savagely than the smallest-a game l

time-and returned weeping in each other's arms-weeping tears of pure joy-t

ER A

y David

an indeterminable distance over the ice, moving slowly about with their wolfish dogs, passed for sealers or Esquimaux, or in misty weather loomed like fabulous creatures, and I did not know whether they were giants or pygmies. I took this course when I went to lecture in Lincoln in the evening, traveling in no road and passing no house between my hut and the lecture room. In Goose Pond, which lay in my way, a colony of muskrats dwelt, and raised their cabins high above the ice, though none could be seen abroad

er, before the pond froze over, about nine o'clock, I was startled by the loud honking of a goose, and, stepping to the door, heard the sound of their wings like a tempest in the woods as they flew low over my house. They passed over the pond toward Fair Haven, seemingly deterred from settling by my light, their commodore honking all the while with a regular beat. Suddenly an unmistakable cat-owl from very near me, with the most harsh and tremendous voice I ever heard from any inhabitant of the woods, responded at regular intervals to the goose, as if determined t

fain turn over, were troubled with flatulency and bad dreams; or I was waked by the cracking of the ground by the frost, as if some one

eeking expression, struggling for light and to be dogs outright and run freely in the streets; for if we take the ages into our account, may there not be a civilization going on among brutes as well as men? They see

ED SQ

entertainment by their manoeuvres. One would approach at first warily through the shrub-oaks, running over the snow crust by fits and starts like a leaf blown by the wind, now a few paces this way, with wonderful speed and waste of energy, making inconceivable haste with his "trotters," as if it were for a wager, and now as many paces that way, but never getting on more than half a rod at a time; and then suddenly pausing with a ludicrous expression and a gratuitous somerset, as if all the eyes in the universe were fixed on him-for all the

slipped from his careless grasp and fell to the ground, when he would look over at it with a ludicrous expression of uncertainty, as if suspecting that it had life, with a mind not made up whether to get it again, or a new one, or be off; now thinking of corn, then listening to hear what was in the wind. So the little impudent fellow would waste many an ear in a forenoon; till at last, seizing some longer and plumper one, considerably bigger than himself, and skilfully balancing it, he would set out with it to the wood

ck up the kernels which the squirrels have dropped. Then, sitting on a pitch-pine bough, they attempt to swallow in their haste a kernel which is too big for their throats and chokes them; and after great labor they disgorge it, and spe

a dinner out of my wood pile, or the crumbs at my door, with faint flitting lisping notes, like the tinkling of icicles in the grass, or else with sprightly day day day, or more rarely, in spring-like days, a wiry summery phe-be from the wood-side. They were so familiar that at length one alighted on an armful of wood which I was carrying in, and pecked at th

wigs on high, which comes sifting down in the sunbeams like golden dust; for this brave bird is not to be scared by winter. It is frequently covered up by drifts, and, it is said, "sometimes plunges from on wing into the soft snow, where it remains concealed for a day or two." I used to start them in the open land also, where they had come o

raight line away no foxhound could overtake him; but, having left his pursuers far behind, he stops to rest and listen till they come up, and when he runs he circles round to his old haunts, where the hunters await him. Sometimes, however, he will run upon a wall many rods, and then leap off far to one side, and he appears to know that water will not retain his scent. A hunter told me that he once saw a fox pursued by hounds burst out on to Walden when the ice was covered with shallow puddles, run part way across, and then return to the same shore. Ere long the hounds arrived, but here they lost the scent. Sometimes a pack hunting by th

ng time he stood still and listened to their music, so sweet to a hunter's ear, when suddenly the fox appeared, threading the solemn aisles with an easy coursing pace, whose sound was concealed by a sympathetic rustle of the leaves, swift and still, keeping the ground, leaving his pursuers far behind; and, leaping upon a rock amid the woods, he sat erect and listening, with his back to the hunter. For a moment compassion restrained the latter's arm; but that was a short-lived mood, and as quick as thought can follow thought his piece was levelled, and whang!-the fox rolling over the rock lay dead on the ground. The hunter still kept his place and listened to the hounds. Still on they came, and now the near woods resounded through all their aisles with their demoniac cry. At length the old hound burst into view with muzzle to the ground, and snapping the air as if possessed, and ran directly to the rock; but spying the

presentative, I find the following entry: Jan. 18th, 1742-3, "John Melven Cr. by 1 Grey Fox 0-2-3;" they are not found here; and in his ledger, Feb. 7th, 1743, Hezekiah Stratton has credit "by 1/2 a Catt skin 0-1-41/2;" of course a wild cat, for Stratton was a sergeant in the old French war, and would not have got credit for hunting less noble game. Credit is given for deerskins also, and they were daily

my path prowling about the woods, which would skulk out of my way

ep, and they were obliged to mix a large proportion of pine bark with their other diet. These trees were alive and apparently flourishing at midsummer, and many of them had grown a foot, though completely girdled; but after another winter such were w

Sometimes in the twilight I alternately lost and recovered sight of one sitting motionless under my window. When I opened my door in the evening, off they would go with a squeak and a bounce. Near at hand they only excited my pity. One evening one sat by my door two paces from me, at first trembling with fear, yet unwilling to move; a poor wee thing, lean and bony, with ragged ears and sharp nose, scant tail and slender paws. It looked as if Nature no longer contained the

gged. It is hardly as if you had seen a wild creature when a rabbit or a partridge bursts away, only a natural one, as much to be expected as rustling leaves. The partridge and the rabbit are still sure to thrive, like true natives of the soil, whatever revolutions occur. If the forest is cut off, the sprouts and bus

S THAT HELP E

homa

lance to the horns of that quadruped. These horns are hollow, and are tenanted by ants, that make a small hole for their entrance and exit near one end of the thorn, and also burrow through the partition that separates the two horns; so that the one entrance serves for both. Here they rear their young, and in the wet season every one of the thor

about from one gland to another to sip up the honey as it is secreted. But this is not all; there is a still more wonderful provision of more solid food. At the end of each of the small divisions of the compound leaflet there is, when the leaf first unfolds, a little yellow fruit-like body united by a point at its base to the end of the pinnule. Examined through a microscope, this little appendage looks like a golden pear. When the leaf first unfolds, the little pears are not quite ripe, and the ants are continually employed going from one to another, examining them. When an ant finds one sufficiently advanced, it bites the small point of attachment; then, bending down the fruit-like body, it breaks it off and

also frequented by a small species of wasp. I sowed the seeds of the acacia in my garden, and reared some young plants. Ants of many kinds were numerous; but none of them took to the thorns for shelter, nor the glands and fruit-like bodies for food; for, as I have already mentioned, the species that attend on the thorns are not found in the forest. The leaf-cutting ants attacked the young plants, and defoliated them; but I have never seen any of the trees out on the savannahs that are guarded touched by them, and have no doubt the acacia is protected from them by its little warriors. The thor

re is a reverse to the picture. In the dry season on the plains, the acacias cease to grow. No young leaves are produced, and the old glands do not secrete honey. Then want and hunger overtake the ants that have reveled in luxury all the wet s

e hollow trunk. The ants gain access by making a hole from the outside, and then burrow through the partitions, thus getting the run of the whole stem. They do not obtain their food directly from the tree, but keep brown scale insects in the cells, which suck the juices from the tree, and secrete a honey-like fluid that exudes from a pore on the back, and is lapped up by the ants. In one cell eggs will be found, in another grubs, and in a third pup?, all lying loosely. In another cell, by itself, a queen ant will be found, surrounded by walls made of a brown waxy-looking substance, along with about a dozen scale insects to supply her with food. I suppose the eggs are removed as soon as laid,

so little, they would rush out and scour all over it in search of the aggressor. I must have tested some hundreds of leaves, and never shook one without the ants coming out, excepting one sickly-looking plant at Para. In many of the pouches I noticed the eggs and young ants, and in some I saw a few dark-colored scale insects or plant lice; but my attention had not been at that time directed to the latter as supplying the ants with food, and I did not examine a sufficient number of pouche

reting glands on its young leaves and on the sepals of the flower buds. For two years I noticed that the glands were constantly attended by a small ant, and, night and day, every young leaf and every flower bud had a few on them. They did not sting, but attacked and bit my finger when I touched the plant. I have no doubt that the primary object of thes

clear that the scale insect was competing successfully with the leaves and sepals for the attendance and protection of the ants, and was successful either through the fluid it furnished being more attractive or more abundant. I have, from these facts, been led to the conclusion that the use of honey-secreting glands in plants is to attract insects that will protect the flower buds and leaves from being injured by herbivorous insects and mammals; but I do not mean to infer that this is the use of all glands, for many of the small appendicular bodies, called "gl

e Naturalist

OF MICHAE

ench of Emi

rs that I have lived in this quarter I have dealt in her little fruit shop. Perhaps I should be better served elsewhere, but Mother Genevieve has but little custom; to leave her would

sband, who is a joiner, to add some shelves to my bookcase,

e; but, now that I recall them, it seems to me that she was not as

he had received her full share already. Were I to live a hundred years I should never fo

ely preferred the poor shops; there is less choice in them, but it seems to me that my purchase is a sign of sympathy with a brother in poverty. These little dealings are almost always an anchor of hope to those whose very

adually left off working to become, according to the picturesque expression of the workshops, "a worshipper of Saint Monday." The wages of the week, which was always reduced to two or

it, while a country nurse seemed to be claiming her wages from her. The poor woman, who without doubt had exhausted every explanation and every excuse, was crying in silence, and one of her neighbors was trying in vain to appease the countrywoman. Excited by that love of money which the evils of a hard p

at the throat, showed none of the noble stains of work; in his hand he held his cap, which he had just picked up out of the mud; his hair w

the sight of the miserable man, who was trying in vain to steady him

and the neighbor

d to pay me, after all?"

red the woman from the next door, pointing to th

ywoman loo

at idle beggars! not to have a penny to pay hon

ard raise

hing but brandy! But I am going back again to get some wine! Wife, give

t round the counter, opened the

rved the neighbor to the countrywoman; "how can t

se angrily. "They owe it to me and

xpense it had been to her. In proportion as she recalled all she had done, her words seemed to convince her more than ever of her rights and to increa

passion, I cannot say; but she rushed into the next room, where I heard the sounds of quarreling, with which the cr

ms the baby that the countrywoman was trying to tear from her. She r

defend y

stood up erect, like one

tammered he

d; a vague ray of intelligen

sumed he; "i

that he might take the baby, but he tott

brought it up: if you don't pay me for what has made it live, it ought to be th

im?" murmured Genevieve, pres

n harshly; "the hospital is a better mother than yo

d remained with her back against it, like a lioness defending her young ones. The neighbor and I contemplated this scene, without knowing how we could interfere. As for Michael, he looked at us by turns

ing a prodigious effort

f water, he plunged his f

he raised his dripping head. This ablution had partly dispelled his drunkenness; he

ild and taking him in his arms. "Ah! g

child would have a fall. The nurse began again in her turn to speak, and renewed her claims, this time threatening to appeal t

o we owe yo

H DO WE

the bottom of his pockets, but could find nothing. His forehead became contracted by frowns; low curses began to

it for me, neighbor, and if that is not enough, I have my earrings. Eh! Genevieve, take them off for me; the earrings will square all! They shall not say you have been disgraced on account of the child-no, not even i

ms of his mother, he carried hi

He went early every morning to his work, and returned regularly in the evening to finish the day with Genevieve and Rober

training, had studied mathematics, drawing, and the carpenter's trade, and had only begun to work a few months ago. Till now, they had been exhausting every resource which their laborious ind

to my mind, Michael had come in and was occu

the notes of my journal, I was

ghtly bent. There seems a sort of weight in his whole being. His very features have an expression of sorrow and despondency. He answered my questions by monosyl

as forgotten. I have at last succeeded in drawing from him the secre

an was to have renewed and made glad their lives once more; his mother counted the days, his father prepared everything to receive their dear associate in their toils; and at

he facilities he should have in his new position of improving himself in his trade, and the hopes he had of turning his knowledge to advantage. At last,

them hopes of his return. His parents hardly saw him once

learned music and is one of the best singers at the Orphéon. A dream, sir, truly! Directly the bird was fledged, he took to flight, and remembers neither father nor mother. Yesterday, for instance, was the day we expected him; he should have come to supper with us. No Robert to-day either! He has had some plan to finish, or some bargain to arrange, and his old parents are put down last in the accounts, after the customer's and the joiner's work. Ah! if I could have guessed how it would have turned out! Fool! to have sacrificed my likings and my money, for nea

ps quivered. I wished to answer him, but I could only think of commonplace conso

rd us and we regret having obeyed her! Who has not felt this weakness in hours of

be the sole exception to the general law. If it had been prejudicial to those who practice it, experience would have avenged them; but experience has, on the contrary, made it more universal and more holy. We only accuse it of being a faithless debtor because we demand an immediate payment, and one apparent to our s

returned to his work. His

of retiring to one of the ornamental cottages in the outskirts of the city, a usual retreat for the frugal and successful workingman. Michael had not indeed the 2,000 francs which must be paid down; but perhaps he could have persuaded Master Benoit to wait. Robert's presence would have been a security for him, for the young man could not fail to insure the prosperity of a workshop; besides science and skill, he had th

L IS C

xation. I saw he was proud of the son he was abusing, and tha

ay. How many events have happened within a few h

lves and telling me of his son, whi

entered with Robert. The joiner gave a start of joyful surprise, but he repre

n an open-hearted manner which surprised me. Genevieve, whose face shone wit

o see him, and he answered

erday," said Michael

had business at St. Germain's. I was not able to come

son sideways, and then

we must do as they wish; but there are some who would like better to eat brow

the proverb says, 'you must shell the peas before you can eat them

of the staircase," interr

ymond's plan, father,"

hy

have sold

planing a board, t

ied he, with

t I was not rich en

w down the b

dea into his head which would have made him known, and he goes and

is there done?"

n a soldier would give up his cross. That is his glory; he is bound to keep it for the honor it does him! Ah! thunder! if I had ever made a discovery, rather than put it up at auction I would

olored a

, father," said he, "when y

for it," added Genevieve, who

replied

cried she, "he only s

s one-half of the 2,000 francs were first paid down. It was in the hopes of obtaining this sum that he had gone to work with the contractor at Versailles; he had had an opportunity of try

licity that I was quite affected by it. Genevieve cried; Michael pressed his

neither obeyed the voice of ambition nor of avarice, nor even the nobler inspiration of inventive genius; his whole motive and single aim ha

all three were about to leave me; but the cloth being lai

n that association of existences which forms one single being of so many! What is man without those home affections which, like so many roots, fix him firmly in the earth and permit him to imbibe all the juices of life? Energy, happiness-does it not all come from them? Without family life where would man learn to

caprices of chance and of the winds; but let us rather enlarge this holy law; let us carry the principles and the habits of home be

g the same love, being of

ed from An Attic Ph

f Paris are outside the Barr

PT OF MY MOT

lliam

DUCTO

poem, let us prepare ourselves by

they liked. When his mother died, William was but six years old, and the shrinking little lad was placed in a large boarding school where the other boys were cruel and heartless. At least, so they seemed to the frightened newcomer. Probably they were no more cruel and heartless than most s

t I well remember of being afraid to lift my eyes up higher than to his knees, an

e other boys, and redeemed himself from some of his weakness. But he had numerous spells of moodiness and sadness, during which he hid himself from his

rnor of India, was convicted of cruelty and extortion. Cowper showed the loyal

ppy in school, he became even more so now, for there was nothing in the legal profession to attract him. Instead of reading law he read literature; inste

powered him, and he failed to appear; in fact, he ran away, planning to kill himself, but at the last moment his courage again failed him. After this, his mind gave way, and he was

poet's character. That there was another we knew, for he made the most loyal

ot destroy the ardent friendship of the lovers. Cowper could never wholly throw off the fear of the futu

hrown from a horse and killed. From that time a succession of kind friends aided him, watched him through his periods of despair and provided for his simple wants. He wa

ure by all who know them. Strangely enough, his gloominess rarely found its way into his poetry, which often was highly amus

g to rule and because heart and nature were all forgotten. What he wrote was different; putting his truthful eyes on birds and flowers, on fine scenery and on noble men and women, he wrote exactly as he saw, and let his f

tion by an unfailing attention that lasted till she died. It is said that after the one heart-breaking cry he uttered when he saw

re of his mother, who had then been dead for half a century. How vivid a recoll

HER'S

THE GIFT OF MY C

had language!

ughly since I

hine,-thy own sw

oft in childho

s, else how dis

child; chase all

lligence of t

art that can

affles time's

ere shines on me

embrancer of

st, though un

honor with a

, a mother l

,-not willi

35-1 the precep

t face renews

eave a charm

me in Elysia

dream that t

MOTH

I learned that

conscious of th

irit o'er thy

en, life's jou

vest me, though

, if souls can

rnal smile! i

ll tolled on t

se that bore t

from my nurse

sigh, and wep

h?-It was.-Whe

rewells are a

thee on that

rd shall pass

ieved themselve

romise of thy

I wished I l

ed still, was s

ion every d

orrow even f

ad to-morrow

tock of infant

last submissi

ess deplored th

welt our name i

ine have trod m

gardener Rob

hool along th

h my bauble c

tle warm, and

me a history

'd the pastoral h

session! but t

eps of all thy

many a storm, t

er themes less

visits to my

st know me safe

ounties ere I

, or confec

waters on my

till fresh they

more endearing

ow of love, tha

by those catar

-4 interposed

l legible in

be so to my

duty, makes

o thee as my n

ail memorial

eaven, though li

light reversed, r

thy vesture's tis

the pink, th

into paper wi

happier than my

eak, and stroke m

w pleasant day

ring them, would

ust my heart,-

e desired, pe

ere we call ou

be loved, and

ill requite th

spirit into

t bark, from Alb

weathered and th

rt at some wel

athe and brighte

scent on the fl

form reflect

pregnated wit

ning light her

ls how swift! has

never beat nor

nsort339-9 on th

ince has ancho

carce hoping to

t withheld, alw

lasts drive deviou

opening wide, and

some current's

stant from a pr

t that thou art s

s joy, arrive

not that I d

ned,339-13 and ru

my proud pret

rents passed

l!-Time, unrevok

se; yet what I

on's help, not

lived my childh

the joys that

sin of vio

wings of fancy

w this mimic

alf succeeded

, thy power to

gh the reques

ssed lands of beauty and joy to which

e means the rectory, th

ur here me

used for poetic

s a poetic word

ines of the variegated forms of violets, pinks

d in poetry. Just how the name originated no one knows. Perhaps it al

her died in 1756;

object of drive: "Howling blasts drive me out

ot an absolute fool, but I have more weaknesses than the greatest of all the fools I can recollect at present. In short, if I was as fit for th

u art safe, and

d from ancient and hig

EVENIN

omas

bells! those

tale their

home, and th

eard their so

s hours are

heart that

tomb now da

more those

ill be whe

peal will s

ards shall wa

praise, sweet

ked means not

ABE

ar All

y and many

gdom by

n lived, who

me of Ann

she lived with

e, and be l

ld and she

ingdom by

h a love that wa

y Annab

t the wingèd se

d her

the reason

ingdom by

out of a clo

iful Ann

highborn k

her awa

r up in a

ingdom by

not so hap

ying her

the reason (as

ingdom by

ame out of the

killing my

LCHRE THERE

was stronger by

ho were ol

far wise

he angels in

ons down un

ever my soul

autiful A

r beams without b

autiful A

er rise but I fee

autiful A

night-tide I lie

y darling, my li

lchre there

b by the s

HREE

rles K

ent sailing out

west as the s

the woman who lo

stood watching th

work, and wom

tle to earn, an

harbor bar

t up in the li

e lamps as the

he squall, and they

k came rolling up

work, and wom

be sudden, a

rbor bar b

RACK CAME

lay out on the

gleam as the

weeping and wrin

ill never come

work, and wom

it's over, the

to the bar an

APER'S

as Buch

lone; the g

dews on the

weary re

old; his vi

sickle i

no work in

evening's

native v

on the ho

en sank, as

e crescent m

sickle do

pain, Sleep'

brow its t

eived the slu

at angel wi

ream, her fa

of sweet v

is eyes; no l

troop of re

blades in a

st of their

through the f

e rain on fo

ot brawny m

t voices ro

s, moving

lightnings i

r sickles

ally throu

morning s

e chorus cl

lightly dow

of celes

of that clo

r shining han

lay the gl

ng clouds the

meadows o

wind, the bi

d in their m

em into shea

e splendor

the great c

in the fal

as built of

heels were li

Harvest's

oke that dr

hoofs of s

was its

mand of w

nd felt no

te arm laid

hose light

of lilies,

till the air

foreheads m

looped from

the many-co

cleared. Home

en, linking

through their

out each ot

tresses bac

s they were

CENT MOO

rightening m

garner's gl

ke sunshine, st

s jasper,-go

ng as a whi

low music do

mansion,-

ridors an

the columns,

or beauty w

pavements,

like a cr

odorous feas

fragrance

he floating

, like the P

o silver cla

round the wal

arments, s

retainers

forms, and

he visage

r from the O

lumined al

music's cir

back, with

mar, the co

hat, melting,

r cheered th

the encha

eat door o

he birth-ti

und died whe

passed from

eet on the p

ft shadows,-

ain the grou

idors, or do

d in beauty

ess fountain

r silver hei

people held

he brightest,

e loved in y

loved,-the ea

mother's sa

oice, who va

ill dearer s

might the s

voice could

apture mad

oud, with c

ields! O h

e never-fai

of these br

fore your

wanting lab

toil amid

leaner on

ve these fie

, I will f

look or w

Harvest's

hand shall

happy ev

s burden bo

reapers nea

whose feet r

g round the u

lines of pa

n the expr

of an answ

iful word pictures, which add to the charm

to the darkness. The evening star lies close to the horizon, and in the sky the cold crescent moon hangs like an empty sickle. In the grass under the bank, with night dews thickly gathered upon him, lies a poo

enes are from th

lly through the golden grain. Their shining hands keep time to a beautiful song, and often the reapers glance across the gleaming rows of grain into the rich red of the sunset. The binders follow the reapers and place the sheaves in gleaming rows, while behind them follows the great wagon gathering in the fallen grain,-a wagon no

and where golden flails, falling swiftly, beat out the

ls sing invitation with their silver clarions. Softly the invited guests float in, a multitude in number, but silently as the stars move in heaven. Sweet music floats around the beauti

moving here and there, are the forms of the loved ones who have passed away before him. His mother, his sister, and

damp evening. Some reapers coming near see lying under the briers the poor old reaper with hi

Y OF THE HI

t Louis

d weight, both buoyant and clever in a seaway-but she was the most cross-grained lop-sided craft to manage. Do as you

d I am very sure I never should have made the ship at all but for the tide. By good fortune, paddle as I please

rs and hull began to take shape, and the next moment, as it seemed (for, the further I went

ll round the hull, in the blackness, the rippling current bubbled and chattered like a little

is a thing as dangerous as a kicking horse. Ten to one, if I were so foolhardy as to cut

un blowing from the southeast and south had hauled round after nightfall into the southwest. Just while I was meditating, a puff came, caught the Hispaniola,

strand after another, till the vessel swung only by two. Then I lay quiet, waiting

e cabin; but, to say truth, my mind had been so entirely t

, and they were still drinking. But they were not only tipsy; it was plain that they were furiously angry. Oaths flew like hailstones, and every now and then there came forth such an explosion

D INTO

ng a dull, old, droning sailor's song, with a droop and a quaver at the end of every verse, and seemingly no end t

an of her

sea with s

any that had met such cruel losses in the morning. But, indeed, from wha

arer in the dark; I felt the hawser slacken once more, a

swept against the bows of the Hispaniola. At the same time the schooner be

tly off, I now shoved straight astern. At length I was clear of my dangerous neighbor; and just as I gave the last impu

ut once I had it in my hands and found it fast, curiosity began to get the u

near enough, rose at infinite risk to about half my height, and

y, treading the innumerable ripples with an incessant weltering splash; and until I got my eye above the window-sill I could not comprehend why the watchmen had taken no alarm. One glance, however,

thing for the moment, but these two furious, encrimsoned faces, swaying together under t

d the whole diminished company about the campfire

on the dead

and a bott

devil had done

and a bott

Hispaniola, when I was surprised by a sudden lurch of the coracle. At the same moment she ya

. The Hispaniola herself, a few yards in whose wake I was still being whirled along, seemed to stagger in her course, and I saw her

The current had turned at right angles, sweeping round along with it the tall schooner and the little dancing coracle

e same moment one shout followed another from on board; I could hear feet pounding on the companion ladder; and I k

nd of the straits, I made sure we must fall into some bar of raging breakers, where all my troubles would be en

g to expect death at the next plunge. Gradually weariness grew upon me; a numbness, an occasional stupor, fell upon my mind even in the

easure Island. The sun was up, but was still hid from me behind the great bulk of

nd with cliffs forty or fifty feet high, and fringed with great masses of fallen rock. I wa

s, heavy sprays flying and falling, succeeded one another from second to second; and I saw myself, if I ventu

to the sea with loud reports, I beheld huge slimy monsters-soft snails, as it were, of incred

ed to the difficulty of the shore and the high running of the surf, was more than enough to disgu

way, leaving, at low tide, a long stretch of yellow sand. To the north of that, again, there comes another cape-Cap

ng from my position that I was already under its influence, I preferred to leave Haulbowline Head be

steady and gentle from the south, there was no contrariety betw

ride. Often, as I still lay at the bottom, and kept no more than an eye above the gunwale, I would see a big blue summit heaving close abov

produce violent changes in the behavior of a coracle. And I had hardly moved before the boat, giving up at once her gentle dancing movement, r

ind her head again, and led me as softly as before among the billows. It was plain she was not to be interfer

frightened, but I kep

sea-cap; then getting my eye once more above the gunwale, I set myself

ke any range of hills on the dry land, full of peaks and smooth places and valleys. The coracle, left to herself, turning from side to

ht upon than done. There I lay on my elbows, in the most trying attitude, and every now and again gave a weak stroke or two to turn her head to shore. It was very tiring, and slow work, yet I did visibly gain ground; and, as we drew near the Cape of the Woo

nd dried upon me, caking my very lips with salt, combined to make my throat burn and my brain ache. The sight of the trees so near at hand had almost made me sick

en; but I was so distressed for want of water, that I scarce knew whether to be glad or sorry at the thought; and, long befo

course about northwest; and I presumed the men on board were going round the island on their way back to the anchorage. Presently she began to fetch more and more to the westward, so that I t

be drunk as owls." And I thought how Capt

d. To and fro, up and down, north, south, east, and west the Hispaniola sailed by swoops and dashes, and at each repetition ended as she had begun, with idly-flapping canvas. It became plain to me

time so long in irons, that she certainly gained nothing, if she did not even lose. If only I dared to sit up and paddle, I made sure that I could over

, to paddle after the unsteered Hispaniola. Once I shipped a sea so heavy that I had to stop and bail, with my heart fluttering like a bird; but gradu

t; and still no soul appeared upon her decks. I could not choose but suppose she was deserted. If not, t

these brought her in a moment right to the wind again. I have said this was the worst thing possible for me; for helpless as she looked in this situation, with the canvas cracking like cannon a

ly turning her, the Hispaniola revolved slowly round her center, and at last presented me her stern

ike a banner. She was stock

ost; but now, redoubling my efforts, I

me again in a clap; she filled on the port tack and

still till she had covered a half, and then two thirds, and then three quarters of the distance that separated us. I c

ext. The bowsprit was over my head. I sprang to my feet and leaped, stamping the coracle under water. With one hand I caught the jib-boom, while my foot was lodged between the stay and

the other tack, with a report like a gun. The schooner trembled to her keel under the revers

d now I lost no time, crawled back along the b

tion of the after-deck. Not a soul was to be seen. The planks, which had not been swabbed since the mutiny, bore th

er slammed to; the whole ship gave a sickening heave and shudder, and at the same moment the

ike those of a crucifix, and his teeth showing through his open lips; Israel Hands propped against the bulwarks, his

the mast groaned aloud under the strain. Now and again, too, there would come a cloud of light sprays over the bulwark, and a heavy blow of the ship's bows a

this rough usage. At every jump, too, Hands appeared still more to sink into himself and settle down upon the deck, his feet sliding ever the farther out, and the whole b

hes of dark blood upon the planks, and began to feel sur

n, writhed himself back to the position in which I had seen him first. The moan, which told of pain and deadly weakness, and the way in

ntil I reached

Mr. Hands," I

as too far gone to express surprise. All h

g the boom as it once more lurched across the deck, I sl

ading in the marshes round their camp. The bulkheads, all painted in clear white, and beaded round with gilt, bore a pattern of dirty hands. Dozens of empty bottles clinked together in corners to the rolling of

ber. Foraging about I found a bottle with some brandy left, for Hands; and for myself I routed out some biscuit, some pickled fruits, a great bunch of raisins, and a piece of cheese. With these I came on dec

ill before he took the

thunder, but I wa

ady in my own corne

rt?" I a

rather, I migh

of luck, you see, and that's what's the matter with me. As for that swab, he's good and dead, he is," he add

sion of this ship, Mr. Hands; and you'll please

ad come back into his cheeks, though he still looked very sick, and

hese colors, Mr. Hands; and, by your leave

he color lines, handed down their curse

king!" said I,

d slyly, his chin all t

, Cap'n Hawkins, you'll kind of want

rt, Mr. Hands. Say on." And I went b

he's dead now, he is-as dead as bilge; and who's to sail this ship, I don't see. Without I gives you a hint, you ain't that man, as far's I can tell. Now, look here,

g back to Captain Kidd's anchorage. I mean to ge

t I? I've tried my fling, I have, and I've lost, and it's you has the wind of me. North Inlet? Wh

ng easily before the wind along the coast of Treasure Island, with good hopes of turning the northern point ere noon, and beating down

y aid, Hands bound up the great bleeding stab he had received in the thigh, and after he had eaten a little and had a swallow or tw

nging every minute. Soon we were past the high lands and bowling beside low, sandy country, sparsely dotted with dwarf

n, was quieted by the great conquest I had made. I should, I think, have had nothing left me to desire but for the eyes of the coxswain as they followed me derisively about the deck, and the odd smile that appeared continually on his face. It

he northeast corner of the island to the mouth of the North Inlet. Only, as we had no power to anc

o; after a good many trials I succeeded, a

, O'Brien; s'pose you was to heave him overboard. I ain't partic'lar as a rule, and I do

I don't like the job; and th

ad and gone since you and me took ship to Bristol. I never seen sich dirty luck, not I. There was this here O'Brien, now-he's dead, ain't he? Well, now, I

it; you must know that already," I replied. "O'Brie

've seen. I'll chance it with the sperrits, Jim. And now, you've spoke up free, and I'll take it kind if you'd step down into that there cabin an

d in no way imagine. His eyes never met mine; they kept wandering to and fro, up and down, now with a look to the sky, now with a flitting glance upon the dead O'Brien. All the time he kept smiling and putting his tongue out in the most guilty, em

"Far better. Will y

me to me, shipmate," he replied; "so it's

l bring you port, Mr. Hands.

arred gallery, mounted the forecastle ladder and popped my head out of the fore companion. I knew he would not exp

trailed himself across the deck. In half a minute he had reached the port scuppers, and picked out a coil of rope, a long knife, or rather a short dirk, discolored to the hilt with blood. He looked up

that I was meant to be the victim. What he would do afterward-whether he would try to crawl right across the island from North Inlet to the camp amo

the schooner. We both desired to have her stranded safe enough, in a sheltered place, and so that, when the time came, she could be g

had stolen back to the cabin, slipped once more into my shoes, and laid my hand at random

looked up, however, at my coming, knocked the neck off the bottle, like a man who had done the same thing often, and took a good swig, with

h enough, so be as I had. Ah, Jim, Jim, I reckon I've missed stays! Cut me a

t if I was you and thought myself so badly, I

e. "Now, you

rust; you've lived in sin and lies and blood; there's a man you killed lying at y

pocket, and designed, in his ill thoughts, to end me with. He, for his part

tell you, I never seen good come o' goodness yet. Him as strikes first is my fancy; dead men don't bite; them's my views-amen, so be it. And now, you look here," he added, suddenly

t lay east and west, so that the schooner must be nicely handled to be got in. I think I was a good, prompt subaltern, and I am very sure that Hands

rth Inlet were as thickly wooded as those of the southern anchorage; but the space

sts, but had lain so long exposed to the injuries of the weather that it was hung about with great webs of dripping seaweed, and on the dec

a ship in. Fine flat sand, never a catspaw, trees all around

inquired, "how shall

turn round the capstan, and lie-to for the tide. Come high water, all hands take a pull upon the line, and off she comes as sweet as natur'. And now

den, he cried: "Now, my hearty, luff!" And I put the helm hard up, and the

hat hung over my head, and stood craning over the starboard bulwarks and watching the ripples spreading wide before the bows. I might have fallen without a struggle for my life, had not a sudden disquietude seized upon me, and made me turn my

ng bull's. At the same instant he threw himself forward, and I leaped sideways toward the bows. As I did so I let go of the tiller, wh

cool aim, though he had already turned and was once more coming directly after me, and drew the trigger. The hammer fell, but there followed neither flash nor sound; the priming was useless

inclination, for I was sure it would be useless. One thing I saw plainly: I must not simply retreat before him, or he would speedily hold me boxed into the bows, as a moment since he had so nearly boxed me in the stern. Once

e; but never before, you may be sure, with such a wildly beating heart as now. Still, as I say, it was a boy's game, and I thought I could hold my own at it, against an elderly seaman with a wounded thigh. Indeed, my

nd then, swift as a blow, canted over to the port side, till the deck stood at an angle of forty-five degrees,

coxswain's foot with a crack that made my teeth rattle. Blow and all, I was the first afoot again; for Hands had got involved with the dead body. The sudden canting of the ship had made the deck no place for running on; I had to

as I pursued my upward flight; and there stood Israel Hands with his mouth ope

stol, and then, having one ready for service, and to make assurance doubly sure, I

into the shrouds, and, with the dirk in his teeth, began slowly and painfully to mount. It cost him no end of time and groans to haul his wounded leg behi

I'll blow your brains out! Dead men don't

ious that, in my new-found security, I laughed aloud. Then with a swallow or two, he spoke, his face still wearing the same exp

e had you but for that there lurch: but I don't have no luck, not I; and I reckon I'll have

blow and then a sharp pang, and there I was pinned by the shoulder to the mast. In the horrid pain and surprise of the moment-I scarce can say it was by my own volition, and I am sure it was without a

show his sympathetic knowledge of children, while his essays prove that he could handle serious subjects in a most masterly manner. The extr

ions; he suggests pictures to us with a few words. It may be safely said of descriptions, when they are part of a story, that those which are given in the fewest words, if those few word

m Treasur

NLEAF WHI

ce E.

eful ways, and was early given his full share of the duties about the farm. No matter how sharply the cold of the harsh New England winter pierced his homespun clothes, the snow must be shoveled from the paths, firewood must be brought, the stalls in the barn must be littered, and

, and there listened to stories of Indians, witches and Christian martyrs, and to many another weird or adventurous tale told by

og on his pa

fire his d

rk silhouett

tiger's see

e winter fi

andirons' st

cider sim

sputtered

t hand, the

om brown Oct

d, and the boys must go to their bare, unheat

r beds awh

t round the

nd then a

our very be

loosened cl

ils snapping

rough the unp

htsifted sno

ole on, as s

are light an

re faint the

summer-lan

d to the sou

leaves, and

waves on q

the house, where the friendly oxen were pastured, or in gathering berries or nuts, or in watching the birds, bees and squirrels as they worked or played about their

r's Bir

ircus that one time when President Monroe visited Haverhill, Greenleaf (as the poet was known in his home), looking next day for traces of the presence of the great man, whom he had not been allowed to see, came upon the tracks of an elephant that had been in town with a traveling menagerie, and in his ignorance believed that these were the footsteps of the famous visitor. T

ol, he found great pleasure in writing verses, which he often showed to his young friends. Thus it was that his older sister Mary was able, all unknown to him, to send off one of his poems to the Newburyport Free Press. When the paper containing the verses came, the young poet read the lines over and over again, almost too dazed to recognize them as his own. This contribution was followed by another made to the same paper. By this time the editor's interest had been so much aroused that, learning from the postman of the author's whereabouts, he traveled to Haverhill to visit him. This editor was no other than William Lloyd Garrison, who later became famous as a leader of the cause of ab

in Boston. Young Whittier entered with great interest into the work, contributing articles on politics and temperance as well as numerous poems. Though he received only nine d

ring a temporary absence. The offer was highly complimentary, for the Review was the principal political journal in Connecticut supporting Henry Clay. However, Whittier was well prepared for the work, for he had become acquainted with the leaders and with the chief interests of the Whig party while editing th

istrict where he lived that had he reached the required age of twenty-five, he would in all probability have been made a candidate for Congress in 1832. Thus it was that although he had published mor

t with all his heart that the cause was right, and, closing his eyes to the bright promise of political success, he chose to unite himself with the scorned and mistreated upholders of freedom. After thorough consideration and study, he wrote and published in 1833 the pamphlet Justice and Expediency, in which he set forth fully the arguments against

eenleaf

7-1

ing quietly along the street with a friend, and narrowly escaped being tarred and feathered. Somewhat later he was set upon in another town by a crowd armed with sticks and stones and other missiles, from which he fled with more haste than digni

resigning his position with the Freeman. These two women were in their way as unselfishly devoted to the cause of freedom as was the poet himself, for they encouraged his loyalty and bore privation uncomplainingly. In the

pathy and understanding. When she died, in 1864, it seemed to him that part of his life had gone with her. It was with this grief still fresh in his mind that he wrote the best known of his poems, Snow-Bound, A Winter Idy

o held her

saw, and le

household

motley-br

t and our d

large, sweet

ithin the fa

peace of

from some he

shade of s

reach of r

ge eyes beho

ne little

eight of th

upon her gr

n summer sou

nd harebell

pleasant p

violet-spr

eaned, too fr

flowers she l

ing me whe

es full of l

glad; the br

sweetness;

n to June's

wait with

gone which s

all famili

blooms, and b

r heart! rem

richer th

thy immo

an reach the

can mar the

h left in tr

n life's la

nd long the

eet the nig

e and shad

eel that t

at need the

he sunset

see thee w

gainst the e

of thy bec

ns. These were years of great peace, in which he remained actively interested in the affairs of the nation, yet liked most to dwell upon the beauty of nature and especially upon the thought of God's goodness that must triumph over all the evil in the world. Among the Hills and the

rooster that aroused the household each morning with its crowing, and the parrot "Charlie" that swore when excited, stopped the horses in the street with its cries of "whoa," and nipped the ankles of unwary visitors. Then, too, he was always attractive to children, and often preferred their society to that of older people. But abov

saintliest of ou

t tributes to

cord closed w

y shrined in deat

tions given in this arti

by Oliver Wendell Holmes u

CULLEN

dom. Both parents were kind and affectionate, but followed the custom of that time in treating their children with a strictness unknown to American boys and girls of to-day. Even small acts of disrespect or disobedience were promptly punished, and to aid in the work of correction the Bryant home as well as that of al

nine years old, he had had enough practice in this kind of exercise to compose when thirteen years of age a satirical poem addressed to President Jefferson, because of his part in passing the Embargo Act by which New England commerce had been greatly injured. These verses were published and met with a ready sale. But far more remarkable as an early expressi

s the rivulet, and launching rafts made of old boards on the collected water; and in winter, with sliding on the ice and building snow barricades, which we called forts, and, dividing the boys into two armies, and using snowballs for ammunition, we contended for the possession of these strongholds. I was one of their swiftest runners in the race, and not inex

Cullen

4-1

a much hoped-for course at college. After attending Williams College for only two terms, he left there, expecting to enter Yale, but was forced to give up his plan, owing to his father's inability to s

o the little village where he was to start his practice, having learned, in his doubt and loneliness, a great lesson in faith, he w

desire was unchanged. More than this, he had now produced two works that undoubtedly showed genius. It is not surprising, then,

remained for the rest of his life, assuming in 1829 the office of editor-in-chief. Though his contributions to this paper were not a poet's work, they enabled him to unite his literary power with his deep interest in the political concerns of the country, and for many years to help d

arious parts of the United States, he made six voyages to Europe, and on the fourth extended the journey to Egypt and th

poems for which his name is most honored are the little lyrics in which the calm and beauty of nature tell us of truths that never change. Among these, some that are best liked by re

that marks alike his writings and his everyday life. He followed almost sternly his high ideals both of moral right and literary correctness, and this has made him seem somewhat col

WAT

am Culle

hose brilliant seas of chrysolite and opal which often flood the New England skies; and, while he was looking upon the rosy splendor with rapt admiration, a solitary bird made wing along the illuminated horizon. He watched the lone wanderer until it was lost in the distance, asking hims

URE FLO

'midst fa

eavens with the

ir rosy depths

olita

the fow

distant flight

ainted on th

re float

hou the p

e, or marge

ocking billows

hafed oc

a Power w

y along that p

and illim

ering, bu

y wings ha

ght, the cold,

weary, to the

dark nigh

that toil

u find a summe

g thy fellows;

thy shelt

e, the abys

up thy form;

nk the lesson

l not so

from zon

e boundless sky t

ay that I mus

d my ste

WENDELL

ce E.

Cambridge, not far from the great university in which he was to serve ably for so many years, that Holmes was born. His mother was a bright and sociable little woman, well liked for her lively ways and quick sympathy, and h

ther's folios." Yet he did not read many of these volumes thoroughly. He liked to "read in books rather than through them" and would hunt out a paragraph here and there that especially pleased and satisfied him. The colle

Wendell

9-1

nd which of them looked on children as "a set of little fallen wretches," and for the forlorn looks and solemn ways of the latter he had an especial dislike. "Now and then," he has written, "would come along a clerical visitor with a sad face and a wailing voice, which sounded exactly as if somebody must be lying dead upstairs, who took no interest in us children,

hus he became skilful enough to carve out of wood a skate on which he learned to travel about on the ice. He was active and industrious at school, too, and he made such a good record there that though he whispered a great part of the time he got along peaceably with the school-master. The only serious troubles that he had came from two great fears. Many times after he had gone to bed at night he would b

as active an interest in the social life of the college as in his classes. He joined the society known as the Knights of the Square Table, and at the lively meetings of the club, where wine and wit passed

r. Russell of this town, having eyes which I call blue, and hair which I do not know what to call.... Secondly, with regard to my normal qualities, I am rather lazy than otherwise, and c

. As the physician's calling seemed much more to his liking, he took two courses of study in a private school of medicine. This preparation was not, of course, sufficient to fit him for a larger practice, so a trip to Europe where he cou

profession.... I am occupied from morning to night, and as every one is happy when he is occupied, I enjoy myself as much as I could wish," he w

llege in 1838, a position that he held until 1840. About this time, too, he received prizes for some Medical Essays that are even to-day regarded as valuable. Thus he was gradually fitting himself for the honorable office offered him in 1847, that of Professor of Anatomy and Physiology in the Medical School of Harvard University. For thirty-five years Holmes fill

a nature that their home was always a well-ordered and pleasant place of rest for the busy doctor, where unwelcome visitors and other annoyan

t, while his mother is brooding over him," he has written, "lives in his memory, I doubt not, through all the noisy carols of the singing season; so I remember the little songs my mother sang to me when I was old enough to run about, and had not outgrown the rhymes of the nursery." He enjoyed writing poems for the yearly meetings held by his college class long after their graduation, and he mad

en in the country were contributing. The Autocrat of the Breakfast Table, was the title of the delightful series of humorous essays in which the author seemed really to be talking to his readers. A sort of story bound the numbers together. In the fourth

st two series he had published in 1861 his novel Elsie Venner, followed in 1867 by The Guardian Angel, and in 1885 by A Mortal Antipathy. The first of these novels is considerably the

, the historian Motley, and in 1884 wrote a life of Emerson. These are not, however, among his best production

le were very gratifying to the aged professor. He was always at his best when talking, and so brilliant and easy was his wit that had not politeness fo

on a similar occasion at Oxford one of the students, making good use of the title of a poem especially known to Holmes' young readers, asked from the gallery whether the Doctor had come

nce, leaving the rest to a secretary. Now and then he would go to a concert or to a dinner among friends, and in other ways he sho

t he has written an even greater power and attractiveness. More than all else, he tried both in his writings and in his everyda

ere the tabl

breakfast of

with smiles an

gs that time shal

e on the eightieth

BES OF

r Wendel

is is for you, and such others of

ght hand cubes like dice, and in his left spheres like marbles. The cubes are of stainless ivory, and on each is written in letters of gold-Truth. The spheres are veined and stre

would have them. The cubes will not roll at all; they have a great talent for standing still, and always keep right side up. But very soon the young philosopher finds that things which ro

of all Polite-behaviour, all insisting that truth must roll, or nobody can do anything with it; and so the first with her coarse rasp, and the second with her broad file, and the third with her s

it to her little flock the next day. But she should tell the children, she said, that there were better r

olute right and wrong. The first thing the child has to learn about this matter is, that l

tainless ivory in

ins, streaks, and spots and the

lies are not always known to be lies to the person who tells t

l for a little child to lie when he says that the

n he says that the spheres are a

es Good-nature lead him to lie? What are some of

tance upon which it is rubbed-a

lies, Timidity, Good-na

what better reasons are there for telling the truth

by "against the peace and

Autocrat in his last statement as to the way in which c

t lying is unprofitable he will without further

s, even the polite lies of society and the common and apparent

t variety of subjects, addressed to the people who sit at his table in a boarding house. Holmes himself is the "Autocrat," and his sparkling talks are full of wit and wis

en was Duty, the other Pleasure. Hercules chose to accept the gifts of Duty and to follow her. The opportunity to make this choice did not come til

olmes into The Autocrat of the Breakfast Table. At first she appears only at intervals, b

LOST

s Russe

down the

sed, my lov

ike little chi

and as gu

HE SUN

anced to

fear of c

the wandere

ed in her

oft nest th

t me and ca

one golden

seem a hea

lue eyes smil

t with a lo

a nursling

er neck and

RUSSEL

ce E.

the great American poet and essayist was born February 22, 1819, and it was here that he lived during the greater part of his life. In the woods and meadows that lay about Elmwood in the poet's childhood he spent much time, for he liked especially to

favorite authors. He seems to have been unusually fond of books, for in a little note written when he was eight years old,-his first letter, so far as any one knows,-he tells

w his own inclinations in his reading. The result was, that though he gained such a reputation among his class-mates for appreciation of literature and ability in original composition that he was made one of the editors of Harvardiana, the college paper, and was chosen in his senior year to write the class poem, yet he was looked upon with growing disapproval by his instructors, because of his irregular ways. At length, it is told, he c

Russel

9-1

est writers. In the preceding year he had written to his intimate friend Shackford: "I thought your brother Charles was studying law. I intend to study that myself, and probably shall be Chief Justice of the United States." This mod

me his progress in verse making and comments more or less favorably on his "effusions." This writing of pottery-as it pleased him to call it-

nce in his own best powers as a man and a poet and to help develop in him the broad, kind democratic feeling for his fellow-men that most endears him to his readers. This growth of the poet's character seems the more remarkable when it is considered that his father, a Unitarian minister, was a man who, though most generous

he went back to his poetry, and late in 1843 published a second volume of verse. In the following year appeared his first critical studies in pros

w Papers, in which, through vigorous prose and verse, largely in the Yankee dialect of Hosea Biglow, he protested against the evils that brought on the Mexican War. The collected numbers of the series were published in 1848

gh principles that the reformers professed. "The longer I live," he wrote, "the more am I convinced that the world must be healed by degrees. I see why Jesus came eating meat and drinking wine and companying with publicans and sinners. He preached the highest doctrine, but he lived the life o

ened by the death of his son Walter. Close upon this sorrow came the death of Mrs. Lowell in the following year (1853), after the return of the family to Elmwood. From that time for many

the subjects that he taught. Not many months afterward he was still further honored by being given the editorship of the newly founded Atlantic Monthly, a position that he held until 1861. The year 1857 was made memorable also by his marriage to Miss Frances Dunlap, a much-valued friend and the governess of his daughter. In 1864 he became joint editor of the North American Review, and in this magazine continued the second series of the Biglow Papers, begun in the Atlantic Monthly,

l 1880, when he was sent as Minister to England. These high trusts, it proved, had not been wrongly placed. Lowell's devotion to the truest American principles, togethe

nally he wrote and lectured, and several times he made trips to England where he always receiv

obably that which most endears him to his countrymen is the quality he attributes to others in these words of admiration: "I am sure that both the President (Hayes) and his wife have in them that excellent new thing we call Americanism, which, I suppose, is that 'dignity of human nature' which the philosophers of the last century were always seeking and never finding, and which, after all, consists, perhaps, in not thinking yourself either better or wo

S THOUGH

eth Barre

at God live

look abov

see our G

dig down

see Him in

im, all that's

good, He w

d earth acro

kept, for l

feel that

hrills, through

and sound of

tender mo

ids, her kis

me at nigh

through the dark

H BARRET

marriage, and we forget, often, that her childhood was not unhappy. Few children, it would seem, were ever born with greater promise of a bright life. Her

he estate which he purchased there was a beautiful one, and the house, with its Turkish windows and Oriental-looking decorations, was most picturesque. That the

land is whe

cund childh

se with hil

ry close w

-blossoms running up

ld upon her. She showed its influence and her own bent toward poetry by composing, before she was fourteen, an epic on the "Battle of Marathon," of which her father, to whom it was dedicated, thought so highly that he had it printed and circulated it among his friends. But she also showed the infl

gentianel

inking at

illyflowe

asses put

tle breeze

ing round

elm of da

tter towar

olets for

erfumes wes

d of flash

ady for t

stplate mad

tting, lea

kles in

belt about

own bees, hu

arrows roun

h Barret

6-1

study of Greek; and with the help of her father and of Mr. Boyd, a bl

ks for company. Impatient because a horse which she desired to ride was not ready just when she wanted it, she went out into the field and attempted to saddle it herself. She fell,

itled An Essay on Mind, and Other Poems, and the poem which gave its name to the book was quite after the manner of Pope. This poem, while remarkable for a gir

hat voluminous correspondence from which have been gathered most of the facts of her life, little can be known of the mother's character, or of her influence on her daughter. That Miss Barre

e End had been. Miss Barrett, in writing later of herself, declared that "a bird in a cage would have as good a story." But she was by no means idle, for her Greek studies and her writing kept her busy an

eless invalid, confined to her room and often to her bed. Some compensation for this confinement, however, she found in the new friends, few, indeed, but devoted and congenial, who were admitted to her sick room. Chief among these friends of her earlier London years were Jo

cate figure, with a shower of dark curls falling on either side of a most expressive face, large tender eyes, richly fringed by dark eyelashes, a smile like a sunbeam, and such a look of youthfulness that I had

for brightness and vivacity. Little mention is made of her ailments, except when her friends have specifically demanded news of her health, and the letters deal rather with literary than with other subjects. This was, of course, most natural; the invalid could have little news to communicate from her couch to her friends in the outer world. Her literary activity, too, incr

which occurred in the summer of 1840. Her brother, with two of his friends, went for a sail in a small boat, intending to be absent only until evening. When they did not return, inquiry was set on foot, and it was learned that a small boat had been seen to founder in Babbicombe Bay. The fears caused by this report became certainty three days later, on the recovery of the bodies. The effect on Miss Barrett may be partially imagined

quit Torquay, which had grown unendurable to her since the tragedy, gave her strength of body. During the spring and summer of 1841 she was able to resume work on translations, compositions, plans for new poems

her friends closer to her. But an event was drawing nearer, which was from the first an event and not an episode in Miss Barrett's life. In January, 1845, we find her writing "And I had a letter from Browning the poet last night, which threw m

from the very first an almost mystical attraction between them. Miss Barrett might have contented herself all her life with this delightfully personal and literary correspondence, but Browning soon grew impatient and expressed his desire to see her. The admission of a new friend to Miss Barrett's room was at no time a thing to be undertaken lightly, so hed

ndship for her had ripened into love, and he asked her to marry him. She herse

ersisted past them all. I began with the grave assurance that I was in an exceptional position and saw him just in consequence of it, and that if he ever recurred to that subject again, I neve

d his letters, his visits, his flowers, at length convinced Miss

d showed him. 'Look at this-and this-and this,' throwing down all my disadvantages. To which he did not answer by a single compliment, but simply that he had not then to choose, and that I might be right or he might be right, he was not there to decide

vorite daughter. His family all well knew that he would never under any circumstances be brought to consent to the marriage of any of his children; and he had, moreover, in the case of Elizabeth, the appearance of reason on his side, in that she was, in the opinion of her family and of most of

ouse. In vain the family argued; in vain a generous friend offered to accompany Miss Barrett, paying all expenses. He was brutally firm. Much hurt by this selfishness and disregard for her life, Miss Barrett promised Browning that if she lived through the winter and were no worse in the following year, she would marry him without her father's consent, for which they knew i

never strong and was often very ill, she never again sank back to the state in which she had been before her marriage. The happiness which shows in her letters is wonderful. "As for me," she writes, "when I am so good as to let myself be carried upstairs, and so angelical as to sit still on t

. Of the poems published after her marriage, however, none are more exquisite than the series of Sonnets from the Portuguese. These sonnets, which are n

ings literary flagged in the least; she read everything which the libraries of Italy afforded, or which her friends could send to her-novels, for which she confessed to a great liking; poems, political pamphlets, newspapers, all that came to her hand. Her longest and

iness. Many friends visited the Brownings, and all came away wondering and delighted at the perfect family life they had been allo

writer says "none ever saw Browning upon earth again, but only a splendid surface." Mrs. Browning was buried at Florence, the city she had loved. Upon the w

darkened sick room. Indeed, her spirit was never tamed, and she herself confessed that one of her faults was "head-longness;" that she snatched parcels open instead of untying the stri

, half angel

nder and a w

QU

erva

DUCTO

Spanish writers, was born to a changeful and busy life. The year 1547 marked hi

returning in 1575 from Italy to Spain, he was captured by Algerian pirates and was sold in Algiers as a slave. Throughout his five years' captivity, he was constantly threatened with torture, but at no time did his courage fail him. Finall

however, he seems to have determined to devote the rest of his life to literature, and in that year he again began w

led "Knight of the Rueful Countenance." This book was not intended to satirize knight-errantry itself, for that had long before died out in Spain. What it did aim to do was to make ridiculous the romances of chivalry over whi

e pertaining to chivalry. It was not only, however, the masterly drawing of the characters of Don Quixote and his squire, Sancho Panz

typical adventures of the gallant "Knight of the Rueful Count

ARES TO SET OUT

cloth, and velvet breeches and shoes to match for holidays, while on week days he made a brave figure in his best homespun. He had in his house a housekeeper past forty, a niece under twenty, and a lad for the field and market-place, who used to saddle the hack as well as handle the bill-hook. The age of this gentlemen of ours was bordering on fifty, he was of a hardy habit, spare, gaunt-featured, a

y with such ardor and avidity that he almost entirely neglected the pursuit of his field-sports, and even the management of his property; and to such a pitch di

* * *

f himself, roaming the world over in full armor and on horseback in quest of adventures, and putting in practice himself all that he had read of as being the usual practices of knights-errant; righting every kind of wrong, and exposing himself to peril and danger from which, in th

iciency, however, his ingenuity supplied, for he contrived a kind of half-helmet of pasteboard which, fitted on to the morion, looked like a whole one. It is true that, in order to see if it was strong and fit to stand a cut, he drew his sword and gave it a couple of slashes, the first of which undid in an instant what had taken him a week t

nctive name, and he strove to adapt it so as to indicate what he had been before belonging to a knight-errant, and what he then was; for it was only reasonable that, his master taking a new character, he should take a new name, and that it should be a distinguished and full-sounding one, befitting the new order and calling he was about to follow.

ry have inferred that his name must have been beyond a doubt Quixada, and not Quesada as others would have it. Recollecting, however, that the valiant Amadis436-6 was not content to call himself curtly Amadis and nothing more, but added the name of his kingdom and country to ma

e one I may send him to as a present, that he may come in and fall on his knees before my sweet lady, and in a humble, submissive voice say, 'I am the giant Caraculiambro, lord of the island of Malindrania, vanquished in single combat by the never sufficiently extolled knight Don Quixote of La Mancha, who has commanded me to present myself before your Grace, that your Highness dispose of me at your pleasure'?" Oh, how our good gentleman enjoyed the delivery of this speech, especially when he had thought of some one to call his Lady! There was, so the story goes, in a village near his own a very good

URE OF THE

have shaped our desires ourselves, for look there, friend Sancho Panza,438-1 where thirty or more monstrous giants present themselves, all of whom I mean to engage in battle and sl

s?" said Sa

s master, "with the long arms, and so

not giants but windmills, and what seem to be their arms a

of adventures: those are giants; and if thou art afraid, away with thee out of th

TILTS WITH T

re windmills and not giants he was going to attack. He, however, was so positive they were giants that he neither heard the cries of Sancho, nor pe

n to move, seeing which Don Quixote exclaimed, "Though ye flourish

fell upon the first mill that stood in front of him; but as he drove his lance-point into the sail the wind whirled it round with such force that it shivered the lance to pieces, sweeping with it horse and rider,

u were about, for they were only windmills? and no one could have made an

moreover I think, and it is the truth, that some sage440-3 turned these giants into mills in order to rob me of the glory of

se shoulder was half out; and then, discussing the late adventure, they followed the road to Puerto Lap

hich Don Quixote plucked a dry branch to serve him as a lance

INO'S

mething that shone like gold, and the moment he saw him he turned to Sancho and said, "I think, Sancho, there is no proverb that is not true, all being maxims drawn from experience itself, the mother of all sciences, especially that one that says, 'Where one door shuts, another opens.' I say so because if last night fortune shut the door of the adventure we were looking for against us, cheating us wi

u do," said Sancho, "for I don't want any more fulling m

id Don Quixote; "what has a he

speak as I used, perhaps I could give such reasons that

Don Quixote. "Tell me, seest thou not yonder knight coming towards

"is only a man on a gray ass like my own,

leave me alone with him; thou shalt see how, without saying a word, I shall bring

Sancho; "but God grant, I say once more,

hose fulling mills to me again," said Don Quixote, "or

his master should carry out the vo

ng, carrying with him a brass basin; but as luck would have it, as he was on the way it began to rain, and not to spoil his hat, which probably was a new one, he put the basin on his head, and being clean it glittered at half a league's distance. He rode upon a gray ass, as Sancho said, and this was what made it seem to Don Quixote to be a dapple-gray steed and a knight and a golden helmet; for everything he saw he made to fall in wi

SELF, MISER

her way of saving himself from the stroke of the lance but to let himself fall off his ass; and no sooner had he

had shown his discretion and imitated the beaver, which finding himself pressed by the hunters

aravedi," and handed it to his master, who immediately put it on his head, turning it round, now this way, now that, in search of the visor. Not finding it he

s unable to restrain his laughter, but remembering his

ghing at, Sancho?"

ad the pagan must have had who owned this helmet, f

have melted down one half for the sake of what it might be worth, and of the other made this which is like a barber's basin, as thou sayest; but be it as it may, to me who recognize it, its transformation makes no difference, for I will set it to rights at the first village where there is a blacksmith, and

y ass, which that Martino446-5 that your worship overthrew has left deserted here? for, from the way he took t

ve them to go on foot, unless indeed it be that the victor have lost his own in the combat, in which case it is lawful to take that of the vanquished as a thing wo

es not seem to me as good a one; verily the laws of chivalry are strict, since they cannot be stretch

d the matter being doubtful, pending better information, I say t

lundered from the sumpter mule, and drank of the brook that flowed from the fulling mills, without casting a look in that direction, in such loathing did they hold them for the alarm they had caused them; and, all anger and gloom removed, they mounted and, without taking any fixed road (not to fix upon any being the

S ENCOUNTER

n Quixote's madness reaches the confines of the greatest that can be conceived, and even goes a couple of bowshots beyond the greatest. But after all, though still under the same fear an

at to carry them in; so, not to lose them, for he had already paid for them, he thought it best to throw them into his master's helmet, and acting on this bright idea he went to see what his master wanted

r, would not believe him, being always persuaded and convinced that all that happened to him must be adventures and still more adventures; so he replied to the gentleman, "He who is prepared has his battle half fought; nothing is lost by my preparing myself, for I know b

eat he was so startled that he cried out to Sancho, "Sancho, what's this? I think my head is softening, or my brains are melting, or I am sweating from head to foot! If I am sweating it is not indeed f

mself, and took off his helmet to see what it was that made his head feel so cool, and seeing all that white mash inside his helmet, he put it to his nose, and as soo

ssed the offender finely! Faith, sir, by the light God gives me, it seems I must have enchanters too, that persecute me as a creature and limb of your worship, and they must have put that nastiness there in order to provoke your patience to anger, and make you baste

mself clean, his head, face, beard, and helmet, Don Quixote put it on, and settling himself firmly in his stirrups, easing his sword in

a mule, and a man sitting in front. Don Quixote planted himself before it and said, "Whithe

d lions, which the governor of Oran is sending to court as a present to his Majesty

ons large?" ask

I have brought over others, but never any like these. They are male and female; the male is in that first cage and the female in the one behind, and t

hem here shall see if I am a man to be frightened by lions. Get down, my good fellow, and as you are the keeper open the cages, and turn me out those beas

y knight has shown of what sort he is; the curds, no doubt,

sake do something to keep my master, Don Quixote, from tackling

gentleman, "that you believe and are afr

aid Sancho, "but h

t adventures which encourage the hope of a successful issue, not those which entirely withhold it; for valor that trenches upon temerity savors rather of madness than of courage; moreo

n business; this is mine, and I know whether these gentlemen the lions come to me or not"; and then turning to the keeper he excla

harity's sake, se?or, let me unyoke the mules and place myself in safety along with them before the lions

nyoke; you will soon see that you are exerting yourself for n

ll and under compulsion I open the cages and let the lions loose, and that I warn this gentleman that he will be accountable for all the harm and mischief

tempting God to engage in such a piece of folly. To this, Don Quixote replied that he knew wh

be a spectator of this tragedy, as in your opinion it will b

ct, all the feats he had attempted in the whole course of his life, were cakes and fancy bread. "Look ye, se?or," said Sancho, "there's no enchantment here, nor anything of the so

ote had shown himself to be in every respect; and the latter, renewing his commands to the keeper and repeating his threats, gave warning to the gentleman to spur his mare, Sancho his Dapple, and the carter his mules, all striving to get away from the cart as far as they could before the lions broke loose. Sancho was weeping over his master's death, for this time he firmly believed it was in store for him from the claws of the lions; and he cursed his fate and called it an unlucky hour whe

olved to fight on foot, fearing that Rocinante might take fright at the sight of the lions; he therefore sprang off his horse, flung his lance aside, braced his buckler on his arm, and drawing hi

HIS HEAD OU

m and hideous mien. The first thing he did was to turn round in the cage in which he lay, and protrude his claws, and stretch himself thoroughly; he next opened his mouth, and yawned very leisurely, and with near two palms'-length of tongue that he had thrust forth, he licked the dust out of his eyes and washed his fa

ter having looked all round, as has been said, turned about and presented his hind-quarters to Don Quixote, and very coolly and tranqui

empt fortune a second time. The lion has the door open; he is free to come out or not to come out; but as he has not come out so far, he will not come out to-day. The greatness of your worship's courage has been fully manifested alrea

the lion, that I waited for him, that he did not come out, that I still waited for him, and that still he did not come out, and lay down again. I am not bound to do more; enchantments avaunt,

recall the others, who still continued to fly, looking back at every step, all in a body, the gentleman bringing up the rear. Sancho, however, h

h to hear distinctly Don Quixote's voice calling to them. They returned at length to the cart, and as they came up, Don Quixote said to the carter, "Put your mules to once m

" said Sancho; "but what has become

t and dared not come out of the cage, although he had held the door open ever so long; and showing how, in consequence of his having represented to the knight that it was tem

enchantments that can prevail against true valor? The enchanters may be a

hands for the bounty bestowed upon him, and promised to give an account o

e Knight of the Lions; for it is my desire that into this the name I have hitherto borne of Knig

RE OF THE E

o, that this bark here is plainly, and without the possibility of any alternative, calling and inviting me to enter it, and in it go to give aid to some knight or other person of distinction in need of it, who is no doubt in some sore strait; for this is the way of the books of chivalry and of the enchanters who figure and speak in them. When a knight is involved in some difficulty from which he cannot be delivered save by the hand of another knight, though they may be at a distance of two or three thous

y and bow the head, bearing in mind the proverb, 'Do as thy master bids thee, and sit down to table with him;' but for all that, for the sake of easing my conscience, I want

with sorrow enough in his heart. Don Quixote bade him not be uneasy about deserting the animals, fo

" said Sancho, "nor have I ever hea

no wonder thou dost not understand it, for thou art not boun

" said Sancho; "wha

en Sancho saw himself somewhere about two yards out in the river, he began to tremble and give himself up for lost; but nothing distressed him more than hearing Dapple bray and seeing Rocinante struggling to get loose, and said he to his master

heart of abundance? Art thou, perchance, tramping barefoot over the mountains, instead of being seated on a bench like an archduke on the tranquil stream of this pleasant river, from which in a short space we shall come out upon the broad sea? But we must have already emerged and gone sev

our worship speaks of," said San

this terraqueous globe contains, as computed by Ptolemy, the greatest cosmograp

a nice authority for what you say, putrid Doll

tion Sancho put upon "computed," and

* *

ards from where the animals stand, for there are Rocinante and Dapple in the very same place where we left them; a

e saw them he cried out to Sancho, "Seest thou there, my friend? there stands the city, castle, or fortress, where ther

p talking about, se?or?" said Sancho; "don't you see tha

antments transform things and change their proper shapes; I do not mean to say they really change them from one form into an

he point of being sucked in by the draught of the wheels, ran out in haste, several of them, with long poles to stop it, and being all mealy, with faces and garments covered with flour, they prese

boat he began in a loud voice to hurl threats at the millers, exclaiming, "Ill-conditioned and worse-counselled rabble, restore to liberty and freedom the person ye hold in durance in this your fortress or prison, high or low or of whatever rank or quality he be, for I am Don Quixote of La Mancha, otherwise called the Knight of the

ELL ON H

hrowing Don Quixote and Sancho into the water; and lucky it was for Don Quixote that he could swim like a goose, though the weight of his armor carried him twice to the bottom; and had it not been for the millers, who plunged in and hoisted them both out, it would have been Troy

nd to demand payment for it from Don Quixote; but he with great calmness, just as if nothing had happened to him, told the millers and fishermen that he would pa

man?" said one of the millers; "art thou for carrying

one frustrates what the other attempts; one provided a bark for me, and the other upset me; God help us, this world is all machinations and schemes at cross purposes one with the other. I can do no more." And then turning towards the

ancho handed to them very much against the grain, saying, "With a couple more bark

, and were wholly unable to make out the drift of the observations and questions Don Quixote addressed to them; and coming to the

seless animals themselves, returned to the animals they ha

RE OF THE W

ends, bent on amusement, persuaded Don Quixote that a vile enchanter, angered at some ladies, had for punishment caused heavy beards to grow on their faces. They even showed him th

7-1 was so long about sending it, either he himself was not the knight for whom the adventure was reserved, or else Malambruno did not dare to meet him in single combat. But lo! suddenly there came into the garden

't mount, for neither have I

ce of any other, shall he be assailed. It is but to turn this peg the horse has in his neck, and he will bear them through the air to where Malambruno awaits them; but lest

tears she exclaimed to Don Quixote, "Valiant knight, the promise of Malambruno has proved trustworthy; the horse has come, our beards are growing, and by eve

ght good will, without stopping to take a cushion or put on my spurs, so as not to

master had better look out for another squire to go with him, and these ladies for some other way of making their faces smooth; I'm no witch to h

ed by a bribe of some kind, great or small; well, then, that which I look to receive for this government is that you go with your master Don Quixote, and bring this memorable adventure to a conclusion; and whether you return on Clavile?o as quickly as his speed seems to promise, or adverse fortune brings you back on foot traveling as a pilgrim from

tesy; let my master mount; bandage my eyes and commit me to God's care, and tell me if I may

r whom you will; for Malambruno, though an enchanter, is a Christian, and works his ench

o, "God and the most ho

an to deceive us for the sake of the paltry glory to be derived from deceiving persons who trust in him; though all sh

I shan't eat a bite to relish it until I have seen them restored to their former smoothness. Mount, your worshi

them bandaged he uncovered them, saying, "If my memory does not deceive me, I have read in Virgil of the Palladium of Troy, a wooden horse the Greeks offered to t

know that Malambruno has nothing tricky or treacherous about him; you may moun

t; and so, without more words, he mounted Clavile?o, and tried the peg, which turned easily; and as he had no stirrups and his

sible to oblige him with a pad of some kind, or a cushion; even if it were off the couch of his lady the duchess, or the bed of one of the pages; as the haunches of that horse were more like marble than wood.

d looking tenderly and tearfully on those in the garden, bade them help him in his present strait with plenty of Paternosters

oment, to use pitiful entreaties of that sort? Cover thine eyes, cover thine eye

nd myself or be commended to God, is it any wonder if I am afrai

eir voices exclaiming, "God guide thee, valiant knight! God be with thee, intrepid squire! Now, now ye go cleaving the air more swiftly than an arrow! Now ye begin to amaze and astonish all who are gazi

ms round him, he said, "Se?or, how do they make out we are going up so high,

nd leagues off; but don't squeeze me so tight or thou wilt upset me; and really I know not what thou hast to be uneasy or frightened at, for I can safely swear I never mounted a smoothe

me with a thousand pair of bellows;" which was the case; they were puffing at him with a great pair of bellows; for the whole adve

nd snow are generated; the thunder, the lightning, and the thunderbolts are engendered in the third region, and if we go on ascending at this

tance, with tow that could easily be set on fire a

at fire place, or very near it, for a good part of my beard has been si

e an account of all he had seen; and he said, moreover, that as he was going through the air, the devil bade him open his eyes, and he did so, and saw himself so near the body of the moon, so it seemed to him, that he could have laid hold of it with his hand, and that he did not dare to look at the earth lest he should be seized with giddiness. So that, Sancho, it will not do for us to uncov

those that remained lay stretched on the ground as if in swoon. Don Quixote and Sancho got up rather shaken, and looking about them, were filled with amazement at finding themselves in the same garden from which they had started, and seeing such a number of people stretched on the ground; and their astonishment was increased when at one side of the garden they perceived a tall lance planted in the ground, and hanging from it by two cords of green silk, a smooth, white parchment on which there was the following inscription in large gold le

UP, WITH A PR

ieved so grand an exploit as to restore to their former complexion the countenances of those venerable duennas, now no longer visible, he advanced towards the duke and duchess, who had not yet come to themselves, an

itly in jest had happened to them in reality. The duke read the placard with half-shut eyes, and then ran to embrace Don Quixote with open arms, declaring him to be the best knight that had ever been seen in any age. Sancho kept looking about for the Distressed One, to see what her face was li

o uncover myself, would not let me; but as I have a little bit of curiosity about me, and a desire to know what is forbidden and kept from me, quietly and without any one seeing me I drew aside the handkerchief covering my eyes ever so little, close to m

een the earth, but only the men walking on it; it is plain that if the earth looked to you like a gra

or all that I got a glimpse of a bi

; "with a bit of one side one does no

saw myself so close to the sky that there was not a palm and a half between me and it; and by everything that I can swear by, se?ora, it is mighty great! And it so happened we came by where the seven she-goats478-7 are, and by God and upon my soul, as in my youth I was a goatherd in my own country, as soon as I saw them I felt a longing to be among them for a l

imself with the goats," said the duke, "

ve or below, nor did I see sky or earth or sea or shore. It is true I felt that I was passing through the region of the air, and even that I touched that of fire; but that we passed farther I cannot believe; for the region of fire being be

ly ask me the tokens of those same goats, and you'l

hen, Sancho," s

green, two blood-red, two blue,

"in this earthly region of ours we have no

se there must be a difference between the

duke, "did you see any he-

I have heard say that none eve

ything that went on there, without having ever stirred from the garden. Such, in short, was the end of the adventure of the Distressed Duenna, which gave t

RY OF T

oso could be freed from the enchantment under which a wicked magician had placed her,

killing the sick man he had to cure, requires to be paid for his work, though it is only signing a bit of a list of medicines, that the apothecary and not he makes up, an

have given it to thee freely ere this. I am not sure, however, whether payment will comport with the cure, and I would not have the reward interfere with the medicine. Still, I think

and said he to his master, "Very well then, se?or, I'll hold myself in readiness to gratify your worship's wishes if I'm to profit by it;

ture of the cure deserves, the treasures of Venice, the mines of Potosi, would be i

t take less though the whole world should bid) make three thousand three hundred quarter reals; the three thousand are one thousand five hundred half reals, which make seven hundred and fifty reals; and the three hundred make a hundred and fifty half rea

rant us! If she returns to her lost shape (and it cannot be but that she will) her misfortune will have been good fortune, and my defeat a most happy

your worship order it so that we pass it out of d

ing a powerful and flexible whip out of Dapple's halter and headstall, retreated about twenty paces from his master among some beech trees. Don Quixote, seeing him march off with such resolution and spirit, said to him, "Take care, my friend, not to cut thyself to pieces; allow the lashes to wait for one another, and do not be in so great a hurry as t

an to lay on in such a way as without killing myself to hurt my

iven himself six or eight when he began to think the joke no trifle, and its price very low; and holding his hand for a moment, he told his master

t disheartened," said Don Quixote; "

oul was being plucked up by the roots. Don Quixote, touched to the heart, and fearing he might make an end of himself, and that through Sancho's imprudence he might miss his own object, said to him, "As thou livest, my friend, let the matte

go back a little further, your worship, and let me give myself at any rate a thousand lashes more

d," said Don Quixote, "may heaven

veral trees, such was the severity with which he whipped himself; and one time, raising his v

e of the cruel lash, Don Quixote ran to him at o

support of thy wife and children; let Dulcinea wait for a better opportunity, and I will have patience

but throw your cloak over my shoulders, for I'm sweating and I d

the sun woke him; they then resumed their journey, which for the time be

ew composed of beef, bacon, sausage, chick-peas and cabba

t without visor or beaver

hat when it died in India during Alexander's sojourn there, he

s the greatest o

one kept for pleasure or for personal use; ante means before. Thus the n

hero of one of the most cel

persuaded a peasant, Sancho Panza by name, to go with him and serve as his squire. While Sancho was a hard-headed, practical man, he was carried a

t of ancient mythology, who had

here meant an enc

ng from the noise they heard that they were near some terrible danger. In the morni

met which rendered the wearer invulnerable, and which was naturally much sought after by all the knights. Rinaldo finally obtained possession of it. Don Qu

r of American money. The maravedi is a small copper

d Greek and Roman god Heph?stus, or

a blunder of Sanc

rson whom Don Quixote had met o

pain, floating mills, moored

ed enchanter who had ca

leader of the sorro

ed to bestow on Sancho th

e of the "Dis

ton, whose story is

oso, Don Quixote's lady, was under enchantment, from which she could not be

n she-goats" we

TION OF P

cally. N is used to indicate the French nasal sound; K, the sound of ch in German;

, ak t

s, ee nee′ a

es, al′′

us, es

s, am

, ba be

t, be

, bo

s, bri

us, bu s

i, kah′ s

uel de, sur van′ teez, s

ook, chin

au, s

rn, Kris

, klah ve

kwiks′ oat, (Sp.)

llu, dü

des, o tel′ day

o, mam

o, mar

t, (Fr.) mee

s, mo h

lm, mo

i, n

us, o lay′

, o

n, or

, pa

us, par

n, fay′

s, plee

, po t

hien, pray′

y, tol

me, quash

a, kee

, ro′′ se

lpine, rod′ ric

in, saN z

ko pan′ za, (Sp.)

ux,

ile, soo′′ ve

uge, ta

tho′ ro,

les, vu

tte, wi

, hay

riber'

graphical errors h

e E

er changed

esss changed

changed

sh changed t

n changed

ures changed to

vely changed t

iver changed to

ope changed

ce changed to

it. changed to r

re changed t

ly changed

e fight: changed to Hol

red changed to

a changed

rs. changed to

addle changed to

on change

s changed

lus changed

lus changed

no changed

n changed

as changed

mme changed

changed

had inconsistent spe

ht / d

se / fa

ms / f

rn / h

de / h

ed / l

de / r

k / sk

ake / t

ow / t

am / u

ker / wat

r co

y marker number 4 on page