Atlantis, The Antediluvian World

vidences of three different

ed into two periods: an age of rough stone implements; and a later age

s were manufactured of a compound metal, consisting

n use for ornaments. This age continued down to what we call the Historical Period, and embraces our

continent, but in especial abundance in Ireland and Scandinavia. They indicate very considerable refinement and civilization upon

no such age have been found. Sir John Lubbock says ("Prehistoric Times," p. 59), "The absence of implements made either of copper or tin seems to me to indicate that the art of making bronze was introduced into, not invented in, Europe." The absence of articles of copper is especially marked, nearly all th

Age; bronze existed, it is true, in Mexico, but it held the same relation to the copper as the copper held to the bronze in Europe-it was the exception as against the rule. And among the Chippeways of the shores of Lake Superior, and among them alone, we find any traditions of the origin of the manufacture of copper implements; a

ORNAMENTS OF

ust have been the preliminary stage in the manufacture of bronze." He thinks that this may be accounted for by supposing that "but a short time

psed during which copper was used alone, before it was discovered that by addi

, or other remains of the Roman Period; that bronze articles have been found in the greatest abundance in countries like Ireland and Denmark, which were never invaded by Roman armies; and that th

consists of geometrical figures, and we rarely, if ever, find upon them representations of animals and plants, while on the ornamented shields, etc., described by Homer, as well as in the decoration of Solomon's Temple, animals and plants were abundantly represented." The cuts on p. 242 will show the character of the ornamentation of the Bronze Age. I

"Bulletin de la Société des Sciences" of Berne. (

OF THE B

alloy of lead. If the civilized people of the Mediterranean added lead to their bronzes, it can scarcely be doubted that the calculating Phoenicians would have done as much, and, at least, with distant and half-civilized tribes, have replaced the more cost

his work on the "Lacust

Neuchate

Phoenicians and Carthaginians, there may not have been some maritime and commercial people who carried on a traffic through the ports of Liguria with the populations of the age of bronze of the lakes of Italy before the discovery of iron. We may remark, in passing, that there is nothing to prove that the Phoenicians were the first navigators. History, on the contrary, positively mentions prisoners, under the name of Tokhari, who were vanquished in a naval battle fought by Rhamses III. in the thirteenth century before our era, and whose physiognomy, according to Morton, would indicate the Celtic type. Now there is roo

the Bronze Age we mus

contemporaries o

y are probably the Tochari of Strabo. The accompanying figure represents one of these people as they appear upon the Egyptian monuments. (See Nott and Gliddon's

onuments, to have "strong Celtic features. Those familiar wi

ring race who more than three thousand years ago left the west

yrian monuments. This figure represents one of the Tokhari of the time of Sennacherib. It will be observed that the h

o were highly civilized, who preceded in time all the nations which we call ancient. It was this people who passed through an age of copper bef

or Deso

have been found except a few in the strand of Lake Garda. The great majority of metallic objects is of bronze, which necessitated the employment of tin, and this could not be obtained except by commerce, inasmuch as it is a stranger to the Alps. It would appear, therefore, more natural to admit that the art of combining tin with copper-in other words, that the manuf

and, and Italy? Where can we find them save in that people of Atlantis, whose ships, docks, canals, and commerce provoked the astonishment of the ancient Egyptians, as recorded by Plato. The Toltec root for water is Atl; the Peruvian word for copper is Anti (from which, probably, the Andes derived their name, as there was a province of Anti on their slopes): may it not be that the name of Atlantis is derived from these originals, and signified the copper isla

le vast works were found, reaching to a depth of sixty feet; great intelligence was shown in following up the richest veins even when interrupted; the excavations were drained by underground drains. On three sections of land on this island the amount of mining exceeded that mined in twenty years in one of our largest mines, with a numerous force constantly employed. In one place the excavations

r races. The copper, the result of their mining, to be available, must, in all probability, have been conveyed in vessels, great or small, across a treacherous and stormy sea, whose dangers are formidable to us now, being dreaded even by our larges

e-and who possessed, as Plato tells us, enormous fleets trading to all parts of the inhabited world-whose cities roared with the continual tumult of traffic, whose dominion extended to Italy and Egypt, and who held parts of "the grea

s ("The Past in the

is surely no mistake to say that there goes quite as much thinking to this as to the getting of iron from its ore, and the conversion of that iron into steel. There is a considerable leap from stone to bronze, but the leap from bronze to iron is comparatively small.... It seems highly improbable, if not altogether absurd, that the human mind, at some particular stage of its development, should here, there, and everywhere-independently, and as the result of reaching that stage-discover that an alloy of copper and ti

of Atlantis extended, and nowhere else; and Plato tells u

e ox, the sheep, the goat, and the hog. (Morlot, "Smithsonian Rep.," 1860, p. 311.) It was a small race, with very small hands; this is shown in the size of the sword-hilts: they are not large enough to be u

HE AGE OF S

enmark, and Norway, who bore with them the arts and implements of civilized life. They ra

hat their explorations d

Hum

called Papar; these pap? (fathers) were the clerici of Dicuil. If, then, as we may suppose from the testimony here referred to, these objects belonged to Irish monks (papar), who had come from the Fa

oks and mass-bells. They do not say that there were any evidences that these relics belonged to a people who had recently visited the island; and, as the

lements of regions as widely separated as Switzerland, Ireland, Denmark, and Africa. It is not to be supposed that any overland communication existed in that early age between these countries; and the coincide

E

nd, the second from Denmark; and then compare both these with a stone celt fo

PED BRON

rds in the four preced

land, and Denmark-and th

-shape, as it is called

th River,

ranean races, was known and adored also upon the northern and western coasts of Europe. Professor Nilsson finds traces of Baal worship in Scandinavia; he tells us that the festival of Baal, or Balder, was celebrated on midsummer's night in Scania, and far up into Norway, almost to the Loffoden Islands, until within the last fifty years. The feast of Baal, or Beltinne, was celebrated in Ir

orm exists in the bronze

resented in the ill

on floating upon a piece of wood in a cup. It is possible that in this ancient relic of the Bronze Age we have a representation of the magnetic cup. The magnetic needle must certainly have been an object of great interest to a people who, through its agency, wer

antediluvians-they must acquire additional and extraordinary interest in our eyes, and we turn to t

of the Atlanteans: it is evidently made to represent a house, and shows us even the rude fashion in

amlets of the era when the people of Switzerland dwelt in houses erected on piles driven into the bottom of the lakes of that c

which we may conclude that the habit of shaving the whole or some part of the fac

m represent ships, and it is not impossible that their c

RAZOR

he American flag symbolize the thirteen original States of the Union, so the recurrence of the figure ten in the emblems upon this bronze implement may have reference to the ten subdivisions of Atlantis. The large object in the middle of this ship may be intended to represent a palm-tree-the symbol, as we shall see, in America, of Aztlan, or Atlantis. We have but to co

LLIAM THE

cut below it represents the only implement of the Bronze Age yet found containing an inscription. It

sh derive bronce, and the Italians bronzo. The copper mines of the Basques were extensively worked at a very early age of the world, either by the people of Atlan

ached a considerable degree of civilization; that they raised crops of grain, and cut them with sickles; that their women ornamented themselves with bracelets, armlets, earrings, finger-rings, hai

rticles made from it. We find not only, as before, during the Stone Age, axes, arrows, and knives, but, in addi

than three hundred and fifty bronze swords have been found in Denmark, and that the Dublin Museum contains twelve hundred and eighty-three bronze weapons found in Ireland; "while," he says, "I have only been able to hear of six bronze swords in all Italy." This state of things is inexplicable unless we suppose

one and the same source-from some great mercantile people who carried on their commerce at the same time with Denmark, Norway, Ireland, Spain,

NDS IN THE MIS

same-not similar in character, but identical." Says Sir John Lubbock ("Prehistoric Times," p. 59), "Not only are the several varieties of celts found

the Greek, Roman, Etruscan, and Phoenician-that was civilized, that worked in metals, that car

ancient inhabitants of America. The two figures on page 260 represent vases from one of the mound

ROM SWI

the ancient inhabitants of Switzerland had circles or rings of baked earth in which they pla

ient mound in Illinois. It would be indeed surprising if two distinct peoples, living in two different continents, thousands of miles apart, should,

ite page, the same overlapping of the metal around the staff, or handle-a v

form. It appears on the face of the urn in the shape of a lake dwelling, which is give

e in an ancient fragme

en in the "United State

49, art. Pottery. It wa

llustration r

STONES,

R-HEAD, LAK

TCHETS, S

found in ancient rock

h the cut on p. 265

vase from a Mississippi Valley mound,

of the monuments of

s, at Mycen?, Greece, a

y covered with this dou

Architectural S

Atreus is one of the ol

ound on the breast of a skeleton, in a carefully constru

ix thousand years; and that at that time, as the Egyptians had a horror of the sea, some commercial nation must have brought the t

eat extent, of Egyptian origin. Their stone axes are made largely of jade or nephrite, "a mineral which, strang

, with this representation of a copper axe of the Bronze Age, found nea

José, Mexico. Professor Foster calls attention to the striking resemblance in the designs of these two wide

Y, LAKE | FRAGMENT OF POTTERY, SAN JOSé, | | NEUFCHATEL, SWI

sion, are our reasons

urope has relat

nterior in time to the Iron Age r

conclusive that it is not due to any of the known Europea

prior to the Bronze Age, is conclusive testimony that the manufacture of

ge, which must necessarily have preceded the Bronze Age, teaches us to l

of implements between the Bronze Age o

l nation, trading to America and Europe, and, at the same time, t

ch preceded an Iron Age, and placed this in the land of the gods, which was an island in the Atla

been some intermediate station between America and Europe, where, during a long period of time, the Bronze Age was