Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, Vol. 53, No. 331, May, 1843

showed a disposition to engross the attentions of Sir Frederic Beaumantle as often as he made his appearance at Lipscombe Park. Now, as that lady was undoubtedly of good family, and posse

, and not in any one point of view to be put in comparison with himself. He almost resolved to punish her levity by withdrawing his suit. The

on, although the main question-to whom the letter was to be addressed-was not yet decided. This letter had indeed been a labour of love. It was as little written for Miss Sherwood as for Miss Danvers. It was composed for the occasion whenever that might arise; and for these ten years past it had been lying in his desk, receiving from time to time fresh touches and emendations. The necessity of making use of this epistle, which had now attained a state of painful perfection, we venture to say had some share in impelling him into matrimony. To some one it must be sent, or how could it appear to any advantage in those

zing profoundly and anxiously on the blank left for the super

ssed between the Park and the vicarage. The clerk of the parish had been seen several times at Lipscombe. There was something in the wind, as the sagacious housekeeper observed; surely her young missus was not going to be married on the sly to the captain! The same thought, however, occurred to Darcy. Was it to escape the suit of Sir Frederic Beaumantle, which had been in some measure countenanced by her father, that she had recourse to this stratagem?-hardly worthy of her, and quite unnecessary, as she possessed sufficient influence with her father to obtain

take place. The carriage, at this early hour, was drawn up to the door, and the two young ladies, bot

as possible. But we shall expect your company at breakfast, for which you must even have the patience to wait

Fool that I have been!--What was this man more than I?" Stung with such reflections as these, which were uttered in such broken sentences, he rapidly retreated to the library, where he knew he should

ily Sherwood, enquiring of him, quite calmly, why he was not at the breakfast-table. There she stood, radiant with beauty, and in all her bridal at

nce my own sentence of exile, for I love you, Emily!--and ever shall-passionately-tenderly-love you. Surely I may say this now-now that it is a mere cry of anguish, and a misery exclusively my own. Never, never-I feel that this

before him, prevented him. "And why," said she, "if you honoure

f Lipscombe Park a

denies to another the capability of a like disinterested conduct-denies it rashly, pe

hus? To whom have I bee

e obligation, if she bestows her superfluous wealth upon another: you resolved not to give her the opportunity, and you withheld your love. She has gold-she has no heart-no old affections that have grown from childhood-no estimate of character: she has wealth-let her gr

r thought unworthily o

addition to it could scarcely bring an additional pleasure, would you

no!

why sho

g thought of you. It seemed that I was right-that I was fulfilling a severe-oh, how severe a duty! Even now I know not that I was wron

idst a confusion of smiles and blushes. "Captain Garland was married this morning to M

in of thought rushed back upon his mind-the old objections were as strong as ever-Miss Sherwood was still the daughter of his gua

fully, upon one knee, she took his hand, and looking up archly in his face, sa

girl!" and he clas

us join them in the other room." And as she put her arm in his, the lit

lmost prevailed; she has almost persuaded the old gentleman that Darcy is the very son-in-law whom, above all others, he ought to desire. For how could Emily lea

gentleman replied, "what is to be said

from the breakfast table, consisting of Captain Gar

Danvers, and now Mrs Garland, "I claim him as mine." And forthwith sh

d early, for he had concluded, after much deliberation, that it was not consistent with the ardour and imp

time, she returned his epistle, and, explaining that circumstances had compelled the captain and herself to marry in

s he fell-"a mistake into which this absurd fashion of envelopes has led us. The lett

nificance of manner which proved to him that, for the present at least, his declarati

ot wanted. These young ladies have taken their affairs into their own hands. It is Leap-Year. One of them, at leas

left but to make his p

is right. I don't know how I should part with her. I will only make this barga

ould say nothing. Mr Sherwood, however, saw his answ

LE OF TH

VING Q

the great object in dispute may have penetrated beyond the sound of Bow bells, we think it will not be amiss to put on record, in the imperishable brass and marble of our pages, an account of the mi

ience advanced, steps would be taken to prevent the softness of the road from interrupting the draught. A narrow rim of stone, just wide enough to sustain the wheel, would, in all probability, be the next improvement; and only when the gentle operations of the farm were exchanged for war, and the charger had to be hurried to the fight, with all the equipments necessary for an army, great roads were laid open, and covered with hard materials to sustain the wear and tear of men and animals. Roads were found to be no less necessary to retain a conquest than to make it; and the first true proof of the greatness of Rome was found in the long lines of military ways, by which she maintained her hold upon the provinces. You may depend on it, that no expense was spared in keeping the glorious street that led up her Triumphs to the Capitol in excellent repair. All the nations of the Orbis Antiquus ought to have trembled when they saw the beginning of the Appian road. It led to Britain and Persia, to Carthage and the White Sea. The Britons, however, in ancient days, seem to have been about the stupidest and least enterprising of all the savages hitherto discovered. After an intercourse of four hundred years with the most polished people in the world, they continued so miserably benighted, that they had not even acquired masonic knowledge enough to repair a

itutions, invented a highway rate. The fortresses and vassal towns of the barons, after the Conquest, must have covered the country with tolerable cross-roads; and even the petty wars of those steel-clad marauders must have had a good

of that illustrious profession appear, from the sound of the name, to have been French, unless we take the derivation of a cockney friend of ours, who maintains that the origin of the word is not the French pavé, but the indigenous English pathway. However that may be, we are pretty sure that paving was known as one

nes would ris

absurd to suppose that he was so rigid an observer of the unities as to pay t

y to Edinburgh. Luxury went on-wealth flowed in-paviers were encouraged-coach-makers grew great men-and London, which our ancestors had left mud, was now stone. Year after year the granite quarries of Aberdeen poured themselves out on the streets of the great city, and a million and a half of people drove, and rode, and bustled, and bargained, and cheated, and throve, in the midst of a din that would have silenced the artillery of Trafalgar, and a mud which, if turned into bricks, would have built the tower of Babel. The citizens were now in possession of the "fumum et opes strepitumque Rom?;" but some of the more quietly disposed, though submitting patiently to the "fumum," and by no means displeased with the "opes," thoug

st it, their attachment to stone and noise became more intense in proportion as the certainty of being deprived of them became greater. It was proved to the satisfaction of all rational men, if Mr Macadam's experiment succeeded, and a level surface were furnished to the streets, that, besides noise, many other disadvantages of the rougher mode of paving would be avoided. Among these the most prominent was slipperiness; and it was impossible to be denied, that at many seasons of the year, not only in frost, when every terrestrial pathway must be unsafe; but in the dry months of summer, the smooth surfaces of the blocks of granite, polished and rounded by so many wheels, were each like a convex mass of ice, and caused unnumbered falls t

impassable. Then it was found out that the change had only led to a different kind of noise, instead of destroying it altogether; and the perpetual grinding of wheels, sawing their way through the loose stones at the top, or ploughing through the wet foundation, was hardly an improvement on the music arising from the jolts and jerks along the causeway. Men's minds got confused in the immensity of the uproar, and deafness became epidemic. In winter, the surface of Macadam formed a series of little lakes, resembling on a small scale those of Canada; in summer, it formed a Sahara of dust, prodigiously like the great desert.

n foreseen, they became very uneven after a short use, and had no recommendation except their cheapness and their exemption from noise. The fibre was vertical, and at first no grooves were introduced; they, of course, became rounded by wearing away at the edge, and as slippery as the ancient granite. The Metropolitan Company took warning from the defects of their predecessor, and adopted the patent of a scientific French gentleman of the name of De Lisle. The combination of the blocks is as elaborate as the structure of a ship of war, and yet perfectly easy, being founded on correct mechanical principles, and attaining the great objects required-viz. smoothness, durability, and quiet. The blocks, which are shaped at such an angle that they give the most perfect mutual support, are joined to each other by oaken dowels, and laid on a hard concrete foundation, presenting a level surface, over which the impact is so equally divided, that the whole mass resists the pressure on each particular block; and yet, from being formed in

to be anatomized or explored in its internal parts. Some years ago, it had occurred to a French mathematician that the cube was divisible into six pyramidical forms; and it therefore had struck him, the inventor, that the natural formation of that figure was by a combination of those forms. Having detailed to his audience a number of experiments, and shown how the results thereby obtained accorded with mathematical principles, he proceeded to explain the various purposes to which diagonal portions of the cube might be applied

een a small basis of peace and quietness, amidst a desert of confusion and turmoil. Since that time, about sixty thousand yards in various parts of London, being about three-fourths of all the pavement hitherto introduced, attest the public appreci

es's,

ling

smith

rew's,

yn S

Ba

cad

treet, ea

mpton

ard

rd S

nt S

ukes of Somerset and Sutherland's, and a great number

had his ears tickled for a whole year by the magic word, my lord, was as much of a knight as Sir Amadis de Gaul, and much more of an alderman; had been a great dispenser of justice, and sometimes a dispenser with law; had made himself a name, before which that of the Curtises and Waithmans grew pale; and, above all, was at that very moment in want of a grievance. Sir Peter Laurie gave notice of a motion on the subject of the Poultry. People began to think something had gone wrong with the chickens, or that Sir Robert had laid a high duty on foreign eggs. The alarm spread into Norfolk, and affected the price of turkeys. Bantams fell in value, and barn-door fowls were a drug. In the midst of all these fears, it began to be whispered about, that if any chickens were concerned in the motion, it was Cary's chickens; and that the attack, though nominally on the hen-roost, was in reality on the wood. It was now the depth of winter; snowy showers were succeeded by biting frosts; the very smoothness of the surface of the wooden pavement was against it; for as no steps were taken to prevent slipperi

mmissioner

tions made, it is found where one accident happened on the granite pavement, that ten at least took place upon the wood. Your memorialists therefore pray, that, in consequence of the wood pavement being so extremely dangerous to travel over, you would be pleased to

s, we conclude they escaped uninjured; and the only effect created by his observation, seemed to be a belief that his horse was probably addicted to falling, and preferred the wood to the rough and hard angles of the granite. Immediately after the read

ane, beg again to bring before you their earnest request, that that part of Cornhill

r with the sudden transition from one sort of paving to another, causes the horses continually to stumble on that spot. Your petitioners therefore submit that no place could have been selected for experiment so ill adapted to show a fair result. Since your petitioners laid their former petition before you, they have ascertained, by careful examination and enquiry, that in places where wood paving has been laid down continuously to a moderate extent-viz. in Regent Street, Jermyn

t their own doors. That enquiries had been made of the inhabitants of streets in the enjoyment of wood paving, and they all approved of it; and said, that nothing would induce them to return to the ol

seemed never to have occurred to the speaker, in his anti-silvan fury, that boy's legs are occasionally broken by unruly cabs, and poles of omnibuses run into the backs of unsuspecting elderly gentlemen on the roads which continue under the protecting influence of granite or Macadam. He had seen horses fall on the wooden pavements in all directions; he had seen a troop of dragoons, in the midst of the frost, dismount and lead their un-roughed horses across Regent Street; the Recorder had gone round by the squares to avoid the wooden districts; one lady had ordered her coachman to stick constantly to stone; and another, when she required to go to Regent Street, dismissed her carriage and walked. The thanks he had received for his defence of granite were innumberable; an omnibus would not hold the compliments that had been paid him for his efforts against wood; and, as Lord Shaftesbury had expressed his obligations to him on the subject, he did not doubt that if the matter came before the House of Lords, he w

this atrocious system, we ought to pay a little attention to the expense. I maintain you have no right to make the inhabitants of those streets to which there is no idea of extending the wood paving, pay for the ease and comfort, as it is called, of persons residing in the larger thoroughfares, such as Newga

ph Hume or the ingenious gentleman who furnished Lord Stanley with the statistics of the wh

course, he became pathetic about the fate of one of the penny-post boys, (a relation-"we guess"-of the deceased H. Walker, Esq. of the Twopenny Post,)-who had broken his leg on the wooden pavement. The authorities had ordered the lads to

eatre the e

-graced actor l

t on him who

s prattle t

ith more scor

on--Mr Dep

been immortalized by the genius of the author of Tom Thumb; and in the present unfortunate aspect of human affairs, when a comet is brandishing its tail in the heavens, and O'Connell seems to have been deprived of his upon earth-when poverty, distress, rebellion, and wooden pavements, are threatening the very existence of Great Britain, it is consolotary to reflect that under the

t we are in the habit of conferring favours when we ought to withhold them. I think gentlemen ought to pause before they burden the consolidated rate with those matters, and make the poor inhabitants of the City pay for the fancie

ade against every new principle, till it has been brought to perfection. Look, for instance, at the steam-engine. How vastly different it now is, with the improvements which science has effected, from what it was when it was first introduced to the notice of the world! Wherever wood pavement has been laid down, it has been approved of. All who have enjoyed the advantage of its extension, acknowledge the comfort derived from it. Sir Peter Laurie asserts that he is continually receiving thanks for his agitation about wood paving, and that an omnibus would not hold the compliments he receives at the West End. Now, I can only say, that I find the contrary to be the case; and every body who meets me exclaims, 'Good God! what can Sir Peter Laurie be thinking about, to try and get the wood paving taken up, and stone paving substituted?' So far from thanking Sir Peter, every body is astonished at him. The wood pavement has not been laid down nearly three years, and I say here, in the face of the Commission, that there have not been ten blocks taken up; but had granite been put down, I will venture to say that it would, during the same period, have been taken up six or seven times. Your books will prove it, that the portion of granite pavement in the Poultry was taken up six or seven times during a period of three years. When the wood paving becomes a little slippery, go to your granite heaps which belong to

Sir Peter; and a better specimen of what in the Scotch language is

of the number of square yards of paving-stone there are throughout all the streets in this city. I hold that return in my hand; and I find there are 400,000 yards, which, at fifteen shillings per yard, would not make the cost of wood p

wood paving is! Sir Peter Laurie must be mad to endeavour to deprive us of it.' I told them not to be alarmed, for they might depend on it the good sense of this court would not allow s

ed himself a mighty deal more than he did Sir Peter; and the triumph o

ad three or four weeks weather of the most extraordinary description I ever remember; not frosty nor wet, but damp and slippery; so that the granite has been found so inconvenient to horses, that they have not been driven at the common and usual pace. And I am free to confess that, under the peculiar state of the atmosphere to which I have alluded, the wood pavement

at lecture, and I never came away from a public lecture more fully convinced of any thing than I did that he had proved his position. He produced a quantity of gas, and placed a receiver on the table. He had with him some live birds, as well as some live mice and rabbits; and, introducing some gas into the receiver, he put one of the animals in it. In a few minutes life was extinct, and in this way he deprived about half a dozen of these animals of their life. 'Now, gentlemen,' said the lecturer, 'I have proved to you that gas is destructive to life; I will

habitants of houses where it has been laid down; and on the other side, Sir Chapman Marshall-a strenuous woodite-who challenged Sir Peter Laurie to find fault with the pavement at Whitehall, "which he had no hesitation in saying was the finest piece of paving of any description in London;" Mr King, who gave a home thrust to Sir Peter, which it was impossible to parr

er the presidency of the same Mr Gray, whose horse had acquired the malicious habit of breaking its knees on the Poultry. As there was no opposition, th

ar, on the modified question, "That wood-paving operations be suspended in the city for a year;" but after a

p and professes to have remedied every defect hitherto discovered in the systems of his predecessors. Still confidence seems unshaken in the system which has hitherto shown the best results; and since the introduction of the very ingenious invention of Mr Whitworth of Manchester, of a cart, which by an adaptation of wheels and pullies, and brooms and buckets, performs the work of thirty-six street-sweepers, the perfection of the work in Regent S

ly take to be at some period or other inevitable, let us cast a cursory g

the extent of either granite roads or Macadam. It is probable that if there were no importations of dirt from the wheels of carriages coming off the stone streets, little scavengering would be needed. Certainly not more than could be supplied by

o the Marylebone Vestry in 1840, and acted on by them in the case of Oxford Street; and remember that the expenses of cleansing were calc

last five years h

xpense for 18

ired out

eansing fo

-

l for six ye

e expenses of Oxford Street, maintained as a Macadamized car

Charles Street, are understood to be willing to complete the entire street in the best manner for 12s. per square yard, or about ￡14,000-for which they propose to take bonds bearing interest at the rate of four-and-a-half per cent per annum, whereby the parish will obt

d kept in repair for 6d. a yard additional. This is certainly much cheaper than Macadam, and we should think more economical than causeways. And, besides, it has the advantage-which one

mmissioners of Sewers for contracts to pave with wood Cheapside, and Bisho

LADS OF SCHIL

ERIOD C

RAL FA

its gha

he death-still

sighing, through

s descend

the wan

e dying lamps

ectres-vision

omp of Death, a

d lair the pale

e closes on th

, deep s

staff, who tremb

t the shatter'd

e deep hu

iron Fate, he

strength to stag

those cold lips

rizzling through

es gnaw'd flesh

horror stirs t

ed the fi

hat agonizing

iceless lips "m

hildless Father

d, in that white

olden dreams al

golden name of

e,-ice-cold-i

life's deligh

fresh from the

ike Elysium is

eathing odours, th

blooms on his w

meads, went his f

mirror'd the s

flame, kindled

the maid was the

ng to the stri

mountain-top ca

e plumes to the

nd the Heaven on i

horse that chaf

lts in the stor

e wind the wild s

h by the princ

pring-day, ser

the morning wen

drown'd in the

ere borne on the

eal'd in the ho

all ripen to ma

lt!--In the ger

e destined for M

Manhood!--The dea

eath-vault creaks

ath, is the plac

at Manhood!--Flo

, thy path

world, with the

light which thy

ur grief in the h

hought what a he

Eden to which

inks down with a d

ttle over the sl

each other!--O G

he woe that is

resent what we

inful murmur is ch

its ghas

he death-still

sighing, through

s descend

the wan

e dying lamps

swell into th

k yet upon the

up the treasur

her swells the

es back t

P IN T

e murmurs of a

howling through

n, hollow, a

ailin

shrinks the

sphemou

urse from jaws t

tly eyes

ridge of the r

nful wave as year

er, with parch'd

r, "When the

oken in Time's

d round revo

YS

despair

banquets of t

ery car

breathes and m

weet fields like

n life

ith youth, o'e

west-winds

r-bloom

n dreams goes the

ounds swell the so

o veil, gives her

day and joy

the airy s

ame is los

ure tuned more e

m reposes the w

he shadow, cool-

shall bear

is sickle at rest

ings, reviews, in th

when the har

ears drank in

tream'd upon th

m,-before whos

rembled,-in sof

rook that o'er

s, and murmurs

clangour of wild

pouse the lost-

mell'd couch o

sses with the we

t last-Love nev

h ages its on

the stroke

, THE GRUMBLER

heed-ha, ha!

both South

man both

peace, the l

a has bro

our Edward and

ig, Frede

s worth, ye b

Frederick, Ed

er-stor

, too, his

his migh

's boast, hi

boy, ye rog

t soe'er

ng lads wi

ies, day

lads shall

lads the swor

ow hot w

went and be

ard back

look young

eyes with te

is head f

ght he-"ye r

nor I

father's b

hall wash th

ck pay y

hour! with s

le-field

d in steel

was our str

ous the

lost" our

nce more

e whirlwind c

ugh blood and

night o

ke, grim Ul

nes his he

before him

hind him, An

him-is t

gleams-the

ering dow

hearts the b

boast in d

rhard's b

the rushing

strange mo

Eberhard, s

s like an

ildren, o

lances whi

at least,

lood-red cl

urghers break

e and woodl

camp, beho

am, and bu

hild with c

h dance and

rior's

Count-and

im lies

lone tent

sits with

ne dim te

nd soul, a

hard's ban

tower that g

lt his red

a guid

e heed-Aha!

both South

man, both b

peace, the l

a has bro

MOR

of our youth

t the foll

the Winter,

at the rev

a nymph had

he waltz you w

embraced i

ar in Julia'

that moment

n some othe

your Juli

not the shock

-that Phil

th the pulse

from the heyd

ot make god

icy Reason

lood of Mirth

r themselve

never inten

is bound

er, the Fle

as an angel

on the eart

SSE

of Shame to t

record to thy

ousseau! Here th

e from earth and

er, didst thou s

now)-the Freedo

ld wounds scar?

e. Light came; h

atement of th

ise man bled,

ared for Socr

ve the steel throu

rove to render

E AND

rel with

om Fort

my hoard

y friend

other I

ach fair

l is dis

urs at m

be friends.

that wea

res shall

h I hav

thy Friend

from grie

f thou fo

are noug

NFANT

lls toll, chiming

and hath reach'd t

o-prepare! my

the grave-the

ld! my last far

ses-in these t

oisons while we

-heart-poisoner,

uns that once

mould beneath

ell, thou rosy

t desire the

f gold, farewell

hildren that

ed while dawn it

appy sunligh

obe which Inno

e virgin favou

when many a yo

the loose train

ite the robe th

robe Hell's dest

fillet bind th

d the Doomsman'

ever fell-for

e lilies keep t

ghts so danger-s

trength that Nat

an was this fond

in's avenger12

se man's arm ar

Virtue, charm'd t

shall, round

rpents stingin

in the dumb

ish, or speed t

ce, with his new

ss her lip en

lock the head he

od his kiss once

ncis,13 league on

ge of the Luc

eple, dismal, d

e warning horr

man's lips when

usic glides from

st a red wound s

dst of rapture

! thy soul rel

woman-shame n

ife beneath my

ld beast for its

sails-recedin

waning from t

ids on Seine's v

lse incense of

be! there, on th

sweet and gold

s morning as a

r harmless one

lovely, every

alm and beauty

l the mother's h

ove and the des

my father?"-fre

Innocence with

s thy husband?"

word, whisper

hild, there is n

ther children

curse our mo

n thy name sha

0

a hell her he

lone in social

at glad fount th

look the glad fo

t cry my soul

happiness f

tterness of de

ks that smiled m

1

ht those looks

ight upon those

furies madden

s what time my l

ves his oaths spok

alk'd like mur

sense, reason,

ed was

2

! league on league

rrying grimly

icy arms they s

nder in thy dr

ft stars, in the

dead child with

haunt thee in i

back from heaven-

3

feless!--see, o

ff!--O God!--and

ps the dizzy da

mingled-ebbing

r they knock-mor

-its sound the d

me the cold ar

hy tortures in

4

that pardons d

sinner-yes-sh

ngs unto the

wood!--it burn

letters cast-b

quering fire con

-see all-all a

l that once on

5

oses which your

's faith, chang

ught guilt-its b

gment court I

sman's gaze-what

e eyes-all soon

lily hast tho

msman-tr

est stage of passion, (which unquestionably exists in the delineation of great guilt as of heroic virtue,) falls into the error either of gilding the crime in order to produce sympathy for the criminal, or, in the spirit of a spurious morality, of involving both crime and criminal in a common odium. It is to discrimination between the doer and the deed, that we owe the sublimest revelations of the human heart: in this

Dr?ng-as the Germans have expressively described it.) If the reader will compare Schiller's poem of the 'Infanticide,' with the passages which represent a similar crime in the Medea, (and the author of 'Wallenstein' deserves comparison even with Euripides,) he will see the distinction between the art that seeks an elevated emotion, and the art which is satisfied with creating an intense one. In Euripides, the detail-the reality-all that can degrade terror into pain-are loftily dismissed. The Titan grandeur of the Sorceress removes us from too cl

IUMPH

HY

gh love are t

like the Go

ough love is t

like a heaven

s the p

's time,

s Creatio

eapt up f

stone,

of men w

s divin

yet r

e Loves a

shone-nor

eir ros

eir bosom

-and musi

he silve

me garlan

ve-y-wo

Elysium

ime flew

ing rose

n's joyle

the eveni

's joyle

gh the tan

moons the

n race

of mysti

for star

awaken'

rom the dark

e Heaven's div

Nymphs fair

ntoxicat

-scattering wi

versal Ma

e glory of

ocean, heave

ks laughing,

y coil'd in

arcissuse

lide those

e bird that h

iest son

eart-their f

that mur

malion-bles

t glows, th

God, thy w

children,

gh love are t

like the Go

ough love is t

like a heaven

nectar-bri

dawn's ha

ly one

the Gods g

n his sea

ose years k

, if his a

his hair all Ol

the throne o

o the sons o

adian glades to

to dreams

y his Le

t the harmless

majestic c

ght's transp

e Day-god's

perish at hi

hat maje

om the b

he leav

lody a

e dwellers

s the stat

r car, the

ht birds that

e sovereign

ambrosial w

Queen of Heave

subduing swe

state, the Gr

Olympian's br

Enthraller

-cestus of

gh love are t

e like a Go

ough love is t

like a heaven

n the Realm

s the mag

here She s

swart King

he smile in

n the Realm

'er the st

e the Accu

went thy s

with uncon

o mercy a

ts in Mega

y wreathe en

rests the m

n breast the

d before the

sighing fr

s woo the lis

e Thracian's

Thracian's

gh love are t

e like a Go

ough love is t

like a heaven

ture bloss

tep we ar

from golde

eaven's s

the moon

he Sun's

Love's la

Moon and St

hout one s

herever Na

around,

eye the mi

lad beau

ough brooklets

eir murmur w

ist! Love's

earnest n

rom Nature

et voice is he

, with her

love comes w

om's wea

tern or mon

Wisdom ne

she bow

the steep an

d to the g

hee, her

r thee the la

hy heart, E

e flame-re

we were bl

we soar o'er

soul, did Lov

e wing to se

ve, can guide

ather-fount

soul did Lov

the Mortal t

gh love are t

e like a Go

ough love is t

like a heaven

IE TO

ay, the vortex

y in its st

ra, what th

ul attracting

that rolls the

d the sun's m

ildren round th

g dances in d

r that glides it

ks the luminou

h vigour from t

life's motion

tes, the sunn

stre both rec

spheres still inte

ove the starry

Nature's univ

each, rushes

aos shock'd, Cr

Newton-weep t

piritual scheme

body shrinks t

-would blooms

ct, all life we

harm that at m

ner brightness

bound more swift

ushing blood t

nds swell nerve, a

ult would their

rapt-and ch

soul with inte

to sway the

imate Matte

at weave the

fe-rules all-p

oral World, e

ss clasps the e

t the worst,

Hope, is thaw'd

kin to mel

sure comes, and

ildren, (gold

sunshine settle

t Law of Symp

to Good, an

t that life inc

Vices are th

Vices are em

orse, the tw

lings in fond

ng, and flies wh

rries its dark

ne: when Desi

brother Death

pens those vo

ure to the P

gs of Love-a

Saturn, with u

is distant br

eard the or

shall clasp tha

ds shall light hi

rnity shall w

be our nuptials

t, waken'd by

reation, Natu

love rejoice

HE S

gentle

s darli

sket full o

y welc

d thou r

y we gr

g and the

we mee

thou of

heart o

er yet t

aiden yet

iden, many

-and not

gain, a-

thou giv'

gentle

s darli

sket full o

welcom

RY OF SALMON

Invershin, Sutherlandshire. (Transactions of the Royal So

ea-Trout of the Solway. By Mr John Sha

edge of its natural history and habits has developed itself so slowly, that little or nothing was precisely ascertained till very recently regarding either its early state or its eventual changes. The salmon-trout, in certain districts of almost equal value with the true salmon, was also but obscurely known to naturalists, most of whom, in truth, are too apt to satisfy themselves rather by the extension than the increase of knowledge. They hand down to posterity, in their barren t

monstrate, that these researches have, nevertheless, been conducted upon those inductive principles which are so often characteristic of natural acuteness of perception, when combined with candour of mind and honesty of purpose. We believe it to be the opinion of many, that statements by comparatively uneducated persons are less to be relied upon than those of men of science. It may, perhaps, be somewhat difficult to define in all cases what really constitutes a man of science. Many

, by Mr Andrew Young of Invershin, the manager of the Duke of Sutherland's fisheries in the north. Although the fact of the parr being the young of the salmon had been vaguely surmised by many, and it was generally admitted that the smaller fish were never found to occur except in streams or tributaries to which the grown salmon had, in some way, the power of access,

r are the early state of salmon, being afterwards converted into smolts; secondly,-he proved that such conversion does not, under ordinary circumstances take place until the second spring ensui

uently enter "into the small hollows produced in the shingle by the hoofs of horses which have passed the fords." In these and similar resting-places, our little natural philosophers, instinctively aware that the current of a stream is less below than above, and along the sides than in the centre, remain for several months during spring, and the earlier

and water, and the consequent deficiency of insect food, their dimensions are scarcely greater than at the end of the preceding October: that is, they measure in length little more than three inches.-(N.B. The old belief w

r. These measure six or seven inches in length, and in the months of April and May they assume the fine silvery aspect which characterizes their

o do with his elder, though not very ancient, brother, who may be going to school. The rapidity with which the two-year-old parr are converted into smolts, and the timid habits of the new-hatched fry, which render them almost entirely invisible during the first few months of their existence,-these two circumstances combined, have no doubt induced the erroneous belief that the silvery smolts were the actual produce of the very season in which they are first observed in their migratory dress: that is, that they were only a few weeks old, instead of being upwards of two years. It is cer

and underwent their final conversion into smolts. When this latter change took place, the migratory instinct became so strong that many of them, after searching in vain to escape from their prison-the little streamlet of the pond being barred by fine wire gratings-threw themselves by a kind of parabolic somerset upon the bank and perished. B

se of the species, (any more than we could judge of the growth of a young English guardsman in the prisons of Verdun,) after the period of their natural migration to the sea, and as Mr Shaw's distance from the salt water-twenty-five miles, we believe, windings included-debarred his carrying on his investigatio

l that considerate people should suspect that equal errors might pervade the subsequent history of this important species. It appears, however, that marine influence (in whatever way it works) does indeed exercise a most extraordinary effect upon those migrants from our upland streams, and that the extremely rapid transit of a smolt to a

r sojourn in the rivers. As soon as he had hauled the fish ashore, he made peculiar marks in their caudal fins by means of a pair of nipping-irons, and immediately threw then back into the water. In the course of the following fishing season great numbers were recaptured on their return from the sea, each in its own river bearing its peculiar mark. "We have also," Mr Young informs us, "another proof of the fact, that the different breeds or races of salmon continue to revisit their native streams. You are aware that the river Shin falls into the Oykel at Invershin, and that the conjoined waters of these rivers, with the Carron and other streams, form the estuary of the Oykel, which flows into the more open sea beyond, or eastwards of the bar, below the Gizzen Brigs. Now, were the salmon which enter the mouth of the estuary at the bar thrown in merely by

arbet Ness, and ascended the estuary of the Oykel. The distance may be about sixty miles. On the other hand, we are informed by a Sutherland correspondent of a fact of another nature, which bears strongly upon the pertinacity with which these fine fish endeavour to regain their spawning ground. By the side of the river Helmsdale there was once a portion of an old channel forming an angular bend with the actual river. In summer, it was only partially filled by a detached or landlocked pool, but in winter, a more lively communication was renewed b

s fisheries in the north of Scotland, and his peculiar position as residing almost within a few yards of the noted river Shin, afforded advantages of which he was not slow to make assiduous use. He has now performed numerous and varied experiments, and finds that, notwithstanding the slow growth of parr in fres

o the rivers, all in the condition of grilse, and varying from 3lbs. to 8lbs., "according to the time which had elapsed since their first departure from the fresh water, or, in other words, the length of their sojourn in the sea." In the spring of 1842, he likewise marked a number of descending

ng's note-book, affords a few

er, and recaptured as Grilse on

eriod of recapture.

nd May. 1842.

15.

5

7

5

3? l

ourse a larger size. But it appears to be an established, though till now an unknown fact, that with the exception of the early state of parr, in which the growth has been shown to be extremely slow, salmon actually never do grow in fresh water at all, either as grilse or in the adult state. All their growth in these two most important later stages, takes place during their sojourn in the sea. "Not only," says Mr Young, "is this the case, but I have also ascertained th

of the spawning period. Taking his "net and coble," he fished the river for the special purpose, and all the spawned grilse of 4 lb. weight were marked by putting a peculiarly twisted piece of wire through the dorsal fin. They were immediately thrown into the river, and of course disappeared, making their way downwards with other spawned f

stead of placing the wire in the back fin, he this year fixed it in the upper lobe of the tail, or caudal fin. On their return from the se

spawned, and re-captured as Salmon,

of recapture. Weight when

1841. June 23

4 lbs.

4 lbs.

4 lbs.

27. 4 lbs

4 lbs.

uly 1. 4 l

4 lbs.

4 lbs.

1842. July 4.

4 lbs.

4 lbs.

23. 4 l

29. 4 lbs

ug. 4. 4 l

11. 4 lbs

many specimens the wires had been torn from the fins, either by the action of the nets or other casualties; and, although I could myself recognise distinctly that they were the fish I h

ady stated, and these grilse spawn that same season in common with the salmon, and then both the one and the other re-descend into the sea in the course of the winter or ensuing spring. They all return again to the rivers sooner or later, in accordance, as we believe, with the time they had previously left it after spawning, early or late. The grilse have now become salmon by the time of their second ascent from the sea; and no further change takes place in their character or attributes, except that such as survive the snares of the fishermen, the wily chambers of the cruives, the angler's gaudy hook, or the poacher's spear, continue to increase in size from year to year. Such, however, is now the perfection of our fisheries, and the facilities for conveying this princely species even from our northern rivers, and the "distant islands of the sea," to the luxurious cities of more populous districts, that we greatly doubt if any salmon ever attains a good old age, or is allowed to die a natural death. We are not possessed of sufficient data from which to judge either of their natural term of life, or of their ultimate increase of size. They are occasionally, though rarely, killed in Britain of the weight of forty and even fifty pounds. In the comparatively unfished rivers of Scandinavia large salmon are much more frequent, although the largest we ever heard of was an English fish which came into the possession of Mr Groves, of Bond Street. It was a

had been made upon this species, it is obvious that as soon as his discoveries regarding salmon fry had afforded, as it were, the key to this portion of nature's secrets, it was easy for any one to infer that the old notions regarding the former fish were equally erroneous. Various modifications of these views took place accordingly; but no one ascertained the truth by observation. Mr Shaw was, therefore, entitled

wever, that Mr Shaw's original discovery of the slow growth of salmon fry in fresh water, applies equally to sea trout; and, indeed, his observations on the latter are valuable not only in themselves, but as con

ts various and progressive stages, it passes under the names of fry, smolt, orange-fin, phinock, herling, whitling, sea-trout, and salmon-trout. It is likewise the "Fordwich trout" of Izaak Walton, described by that poetical old piscator as "rare good meat." As an article of diet it indeed ranks next to the salmon, and is much superior in that respect to its near relation, S. eriox. It is taken in the more seaward pools of our north

day the embryo fish were visible to the naked eye, and, on the 14th January, (seventy-five days after deposition,) the fry were excluded from the egg. At this early period, the brood exhibit no perceptible difference from that of the salmon, except that they are somewhat smaller, and of paler hue. In two months they were an inch long, and had then assumed those lateral markings so characteristic of the young of all the known Salmonid?. They increased in size slowly, measuring only three inches in length by the month of October, at which time they were nine months old. In January 1841, they had increased to three and a half inches, exhibiting a somewhat defective condition during the winter months, in one or more of which, Mr Shaw seems to think, they scarcely grow at all. We need not here go through the entire detail of these experiments.23 In October

about twenty years ago, from the slopes of the Pentland Hills, near Edinburgh, into that city, which Dr Johnson regarded as by no means abundantly supplied with the "pure element of water," it was necessary to compensate the mill-owners by another supply. Accordingly a valley, (the supposed scene of Allan Ramsay's "Gentle Shepherd,") through which there flowed a small stream, had a great embankment thrown across it. After this operation, of course the waters of the upper portion of the stream speedily rose to a level with the sluices, thus forming a small lake, commonly called the "Compensation Pond." The flow of water now escapes by throwing itself over the outer side of the embankment, which is lofty and precipitous, in the form of a cataract, up which no fish can possibly ascend. Yet in the pond itself we have recently ascertained the existence of sea-trout in a healthy state, although such as we have examined, being young, were of small size. These attributes, however, were all the more important as provi

his as a favourable opportunity of ascertaining to what extent they would afterwards "suffer a sea change," he marked all the smolts of that species (about ninety in number) by cutting off the whole of the adipose fin, and three-quarters of the dorsal. At a distance, by the course of the river, of twenty-five miles from the sea, he was not sanguine of recapturing many of these individuals, and in this expectation he was not agreeably surprised by any better success than he expected. However, on the 16th of July, exactly eighty days afterwards, he recaptured as a herling (the

sed," says Mr Shaw, "to represent pretty correctly the average size of sea-trout on their second migration from the sea." In this state they usually make their appearance in our rivers, (we refer at present particularly to those of Scotland,) in greatest abundance in the months of May and June. This view of the progress of the species clearly accounts for a fact well known to anglers, that in spring and the comme

to the river, also for the third time. On the following season (23d day of August 1837) I recaptured the individual now exhibited, for the fourth time.26 It then weighed six pounds." This is indeed an eventful history, and we question if any Salmo trutta ever before felt himself so often out of his element. However, the individual referred to must undoubtedly be regarded as extremely interesting to the naturalist. It exhibits, at a single glance, the various marks put upon itself and its companions, as they were successively recaptured, from year to year, on their return to the river-viz

water, ascend the rivers as herlings, weighing ten or twelve ounces and on the approach of autumn pass into our smaller tributaries with a view to the continuance of their kind;-that, having spawned, they re-descend into the sea, where their increase of size (about one and a half pound per annum) is almost totally obtained;-and that they return annually, with an a

B ST

THE

QUIL

humble friend to convey to her all information of her absent brother which she could possibly obtain. The threatened danger was communicated to the lover-darkened his days for a time with anxiety and dread, but ceased as time wore on, and as no visitant appeared to affect the easy tenor of his immoral life. The reader will not have forgotten, perhaps, that when for the first time I beheld James Temple, he was accompanied by an elder brother. It was from the latter, his friend and confidant, that the above particulars, and those which follow in respect of the deceased, were gathered. The house in which, for a second time, I encountered my ancient college friends, was their uncle's. Parents they had none. Of father and of mother both they had been deprived in infancy; and, from that period, their home had been with their relative and guardian. The conduct of one charge, at least, had been from boyhood such as to cause the greatest pain to him who had assumed a parent's cares. Hypocrisy, sensuality, and-for his years and social station-unparalleled dishonesty, had characterised James Temple's short career. By some inexplicable tortuosity of mind, with every natural endowment, with every acquired advantage, graced with the borrowed as well as native ornaments of humanity, he found no joy in his inheritance, but sacrificed it all, and crawled through life a gross and earthy man. The seduction of Emma, young as he was when he committed that offence, was, by many, not the first crime for which-not, thank Heaven! without some preparation for his trial-he was called suddenly to answer. As a boy, he had grown aged is vice. It has been stated that he quitted the university the very instant he disencumbered himself of the girl whom he had sacrificed. He crept to the metropolis, and for a time there hid himself. But it was there that he was discovered by Frederick Harrington, who had pursued the destroyer with a perseverance that was indomitable, and scoffed at disappointment. How the lunatic existed no one knew; how he steered clear of transgression and restraint was equally difficult to explain. It was evident enough that he made himself acquainted with the haunts of his former schoolfellow; and, in one of them, he rushed furiously and unexpectedly upon him, affrighting his intended victim, but failing in his purpose of vengeance by the very impetuosity of his assault. Temple escaped. Then it was that the latter, shaken by fear, revealed to his brother the rise of progress of his intimacy with the discarded girl, and, in his extremity, called upon him for advice and help. He could afford him none; and the seducer found himself in the world without an hour's happiness or quiet. What quails so readily as the heartiest soul of the sensualist? Who so cowardly as the man only courageous in his opp

rumbling in the earth-the soul already at the judgment-seat; yet with untiring earnestness the brother persisted in this strain, and with every new hypothesis found fresh satisfaction. There was more reason for gratification when, at the close of the evening, the surviving relative turned from his barren discourse and referred to the last days of the deceased. There was comfort and consolation to the living in the evidences which he produced of his most blessed change. It was a joy to me to hear of his repentance, and to listen to the terms in which he made it known. I did not easily forget them. I journeyed homeward. When I arrived at the house of Doctor Mayhew, I was surprised to find how little I could remember of the country over which I had travelled. The scenes through which I had passed were forgotten-had not been noticed. Absorbed by the thoughts which possessed my brain, I had suffered myself to be carried forward, conscious of nothing but the waking dreams. I was prepared, however, to see my friend. Still influenced by the latent hope of meeting once more with Miss Fairman, still believing in the happy issue of my love, I had resolved to keep my own connexion with the idiot as secret as the grave. There was no reason why I should betray myself. His fate was independent of my act-my conduct formed no link in the chain which must be presented to make the history clear: and shame would have withheld the gratuitous confes

ten of that man, and most affectionately. What was the inference? A breach had taken place. If I entertained the idea for a day, it was dissipated on the next; for the doctor, a week having elapsed since his last visit, rode over to the parsonage as usual, remained there some hours, and returned in his best and gayest spirits. He spoke of the Fairmans during the evening with the same kind feeling and good-humour that had always accompanied his allusions to them and their proceedings, and grew at length eloquent in the praises of them both. The increasing beauty of the young mistress, he said, was marvellous. "Ah," he added slyly, and with more truth, perhaps, than he suspected, "it would have done your eyes good to-day, only to have got one peep at her." I sighed, and he tantalized me further. He pretended to pity me for the inconsiderate haste with which I had thrown up my employment, and to condole with me for all I had lost in consequence. "As for himself," he said, "he had, upon further consideration, given up all thought of marriage for the present. He should live a little longer and grow wiser; but it was not a pleasant thing,

grateful for your hospitality. If you please, I will depart to-morrow. I trust

e doctor, interrupting me. "I can't spare you to-morrow.

I answered; "but positively I must and

as early as you like the next day. I have promised my friend that you will give him the meeting, an

e unpardonable if I persisted. You shall command me; on the

d the doctor, and

iness of the world, and an almost unrestrained indulgence in its harmless pleasantries. The grave doctor was a boy at his fireside. I spent my last day in preparing for my removal, and in rambling for some hours amongst the hills, with which I had become too familiar to separate without a pang. Long was our leave-ta

I had not even cared to enquire his name. What was it to me? What difference could the chance visitor of a night make to me, who was on the eve of exile? None. I walked despondingly into the room, and advanced with distant civility towards the stranger. His face was from me, but he turned instantly

" began the minister, "worthy of th

to assure him that I was not lurking with sinister design so near the parsonage-that I

s, Caleb," answered

doubting if I

said nothing

ed in ev

! I recollect-he did-he has-but what

my calamity. He could not do it. Yet the undisturbed demeanour of the minister confounded me. If there had been connected with this visit so important an object as that which I longed to believe was linked with it, there surely would have been some evidence in his speech and manner, and he continued as cheerful and undisturbed as if his mind were free from every care and weighty thought. "What can it mean?" I asked myself, again and again. "How can he coolly bid me to his house, after what has passed, after his fearful anxiety to get me out of it? Will he hazard another meeting with his beloved daughter?-Ah, I see it!" I suddenly and mentally exclaimed; "it is clear enough-she is absent-she is away. He wishes to evince his friendly disposition at parting, and now he can do it without risk or cost." It was a plain elucidation of the mystery-it was enough, and all my airy castles tumbled to the earth, and left me there in wretchedness. Glad was I when the dinner was concluded, and eager to withdraw. I had resolved to decline, at the first opportunity, the invitation of the incumbe

said the

by my Christian name. How strangely it sounded from h

, "did I understand you right? Is it t

gathered something from his hints, but I know

ject, I have acted solely with regard to that. I hoped to have smothered this passion in the

swim round me, and

r with danger. I should have known that to trifle with a heart so guileless and so pure was crue

at him

have I cared to live since Heaven took her mother to itself-but for her sake, for her welfare, and her love? But sorrow and regret are useless now. You do not know, young man, a

the wildness of my joy. "I am stupified by this intelligence! Trust me, s

d die, and live myself to know that a word from me had saved her. I have given my consent to the prosecution of your attachment at the latest moment-not because I wished it, but to

appiness, that I could find no voice to speak my joy o

ghter's suitor. Arrangements will be made for a provision for you. Mayhew and I have it in consideration now. When our plan is matured, it shall

e then? How had she been? To how many days of suffering and of trial may she have been doomed? How many pangs may have wrung that noble heart before its sad complaints were listened to, and mercifully answered? I craved to be at her side. The words which her father had spoken had loosened the heavy chain that tied me down-my limbs were conscious of their freedom-my spirit felt its liberty-what hindered instant flight? In the midst of my reverie Dr Mayhew entered the room-and I remember distinctly that my immediate impulse was to leave the two friends together, and to run as fast as love could urge and feet could carry me-to the favoured spot which held all that I cared for now on earth. The plans, however, of Doctor Mayhew interfered with this desire. He

orrow, Williams," said the master; "he po

passion has attuned to all the harmonies of earth, and made but too susceptible! Disturbed as I was by the anticipation of my joy, and by the consequent unrest, with the first sight of day, and all its charms, came peace-actual and profound. The agitation of my soul was overwhelmed by the prevailing stillness, and I grew tranquil and subdued. Love existed yet-what could extinguish that?-but heightened and sublimed. It was as though, in contemplating the palpable and lovely work of heaven, all selfishness had at once departed from my breast-all dross had separated from my best affections, and left them pure and free. And so I walked on, happiest of the happy, from field to field, from hill to hill, with no companion on the way, no traveller within my view-alone with nature and my heart's delight. "And men pent up in cities," thought I, as I went along, "would call this-solitude." I remembered how lonely I had felt in the busy crowds of London-how chill, how desolate and forlorn, and marvelled at the reasoning of man. And came no other thoughts of London and the weary hours passed there, as I

d I advance, or now retire? Vain question, when, ere an answer could be given, I was already at the lady's side. Shall I tell of her virgin bashfulness, her blushes, her trembling consciousness of pure affection? Shall I say how little her tongue could speak her love, and how eloquently the dropping tear told all! Shall I describe our morning's walk, her downward gaze-my pride?-her deep, deep silence, my impassioned tones, the insensibilty to all external things-the rushing on of envious Time, jealous of the perfect happiness of man? The heart is wanting for the task-the pen is shaking in the tremulous hand.-Beautiful vision! long associate of my rest, sweetener of the dai

care and not revere the filial piety that sanctified the maid? The poor, most difficult of mankind to please, the easily offended, the jealous and the peevish, were unanimous in their loud praise of her, whose presence filled the foulest hut with light, and was the harbinger of good. It is well to doubt the indigent when they speak evil of their

ure on the past, dreaming wildly-as the young must dream-of the uncreated future. I spoke of earthly happiness, and believed it not a fable. What could be brighter than our promises? What looked more real-less likely to be broken? How sweet was our existence! My tongue would never cease to paint in dazzling colours the days that yet awaited us. I number

ht to live, and in each other's sight alone to seek those blessings wedded feelings may bestow-to perceive and know ourselves as one-to breathe as one the ripe delicious air-to fix on every object of our mutual love the stamp and essence of one living heart-to walk abroad,

e sighed, as though experience cut off the promises of hope, or as if intima

red new charms in my betrothed, and every day unveiled a latent grace. How had I merited my great good fortune? How could I render myself wo

ot successfully. Mr Fairman received his counsel with a hasty word, and Dr Mayhew left the parsonage in anger, telling the minister he would himself be answerable no longer for her safety. A week elapsed, and Doctor Mayhew found it impossible to keep away. The old friends met, more attached than ever for the parting which both had found it difficult to bear. The lady was no better. They held a conference-it ended in my favour. I had been exactly a month reinstated, when Doctor Mayhew, who could not rest thoroughly easy until our marriage was concluded, and, as he said, "the affair was off his hands," took a convenient opportunity to intimate to Mr Fairman the many advantages of an early union. The minister was anxious to postpone t

could not have been in higher spirits. Ellen was with me when he acquainted me, that in three months the treasure would be my own, and mine would be the privilege and right to cherish it. He insisted that he should be rewarded on the instant wit

with all the weakness of a man. I have watched him closely, and I have known his heart wringing with pain, as the eye of his child sparkled with joy at my approach, whilst the visible features of his face strove fiercely to suppress the rising selfishness. He has gazed upon her, as we have sat together in the cheerful night, wondering, as it seemed, by what fascination the natural and deep-rooted love of years could be surpassed and superseded by the immature affection of a day-forgetful of her mother's love, that once preferred him to her sire. In our evening walks I have seen him in our track, following from afar, eager to overtake and join us, and yet resisting the strong impulse, and forbearing. He could not hide from me the glari

er himself more gay than I had known him since our engagement. Ellen reflected her father's cheerfulness, and was busy in sustaining it. All went merry as a marriage-bell. Ellen sang her father's favourite airs-played th

!" said he; "how be

wonder that she made young Stukely's hea

lth seems qu

we could only let young ladies have their way, our patients would diminish r

are joyful! Her heart is revelling. It was v

ut you wouldn't mind me.

ink so,

should be justified in thinking otherwise. Is

ew, but he

t will you? The

ore him, and placed her arms upon his knee. The incumbent

isn't allowable by any means. Recollect two young

miled, and Ell

day eleven years, when you came over on the grey pony, that

ig to the chair, and then calling me to the window, to see how I

sir; but you know yo

ome here, though

to whisper in her ear, but kissed her cheek. He coughed and hemmed

, since that one, which we have kept without an interruption. Either pap

e, if both of us were called away now. It wo

w," said Mr Fairman, "to be deprived of

, earnestly; "and the good doc

tched, then, if we were obliged to go? No doubt of it, espec

he incumbent, turning from the subject.

friend a look of tenderest remons

correct emphasis, and no effort. An hour passed delightfully with the minister's favourite and beloved author; now the maiden read, now he. He listened with greater pleasure to her voice than to h

their behalf, were not unanswered. Improvement was taking place around him; even those who had given him cause for deepest sorrow, were already turning from the path of error into that of rectitude and truth. The worst characters in the village had been checked by the example of their fellows, and by the voice of their own conscience, (he might have added, by the working of their minister's most affectionate zeal) and his heart was joyful-how joyful he could not s

ing of the moment, became a serious man. He

uman being to look about him, and to see family after family worn down by calamity, whilst he himself is free from any, and not have his heart yearning with thankfulness, knowing, as he must, how little he merits his condition. You and I are happy fellows, both of us; and all we have to do, is to think s

or was the only one who made the attempt, and he, after a very ineffectual endeavour to be jocose, held his peace. The Bible was pr

s for the night. "And you, dear Ellen," I w

essure, that passed like wildfire to my heart

hours those words were

e of that sudden abundance of joyous spirits which I had remarked in her during the early part of the evening. I satisfied myself with this belief, or strove to do so-the more easily, perhaps, because I saw her father indifferent to her state, if not altogether ignorant of it. He who was ever lying in wait-ever watching-ever ready to apprehend the smallest evidence of ill health, was, on this morning, as insensible to the alteration which had taken place in the darling object of his solicitude, as though he had no eyes to see, or object to behold; so easy is it for a too anxious diligence in a pursuit

s Bower," and it was pleasing to us both to think that we should visit in our after days, for many a year, and with increasing love, a spot endeared to us by the fondest recollections. Thither I bent my steps at the close of our repast. It wanted but two days to the time fixed for the resumption of our studies. The boys had returned, and the note of preparation was already sounded. I carried my task to the retreat, and there commenced my labours. An hour fled quickly whilst I was occupied somewhat in Greek, but more in contemplation of the gorgeous scene before me, and in lingering thoughts of her whose form was never absent, but hovered still about the pleasure or th

n si

sigh!" thought

very calmly, "we ought to be prepared for it. Earth is not our

d, of which her children are most sensible. W

brighter promises that come from heav

m who thought so; howbeit, you have bestowed it

eart of a sinner, that needs all the mercy of heaven for its

er will not say so, and I question if the vi

one the utmost my imperfect faculties permitted. I have nothing to charge myself with on these accounts. But my Heavenly Father," continued the maiden, her cheeks flushing, her eyes filling with tears-"oh! I have been backward in my affection and duty to him. I have not ever had before my eyes

was suffering from the reaction consequent upon extreme joy. I was rather relieved than

please Heaven to take you suddenly from this earth, would it not be sinful to murmur a

n ought. I am sure you would, dear Ellen-parted, as w

he maiden quickly. "Oh, say that yo

ted for the bitterest seasons of adversity. It does not fail when needed. Let us pray tha

uld it come suddenly and quickly-o

. Do we go to Dr Mayhew's, as proposed? We shall spend a h

gain into a f

aimed. "Confide to me, and tell th

; but when I woke this morning-it may, I hope for your sake that it is nothing s

ughed sharply, and raised her handkerchief to her mouth.

e, because I heard it was the first bad symptom that my poor mother showed. Now, I pray you, Stukely, to be calm. Perhaps I shall get well; but if I do not, I shall be so happy-preparing for

y? In one moment I was a bankrupt and a beggar-my fortunes were scattered to the winds-m

r as she looked

poor father"-her lips quivered as she said the word-"he must know nothing for the present. It would be cruel unnecessarily to alarm him. His heart would break. He MUST be kept in ignorance of t

ll return home. Be it as you wish. I will see Mayhew immediately,

. In vain she turned her head away to escape detection. It was impossible to deceive my keen and piercing gaze. I grew pale as death as I beheld on each occasion the frightful evidence of disease; but the maiden pressed my h

nce of blood was to me, as it is always to the common and uninformed observer, beyond all doubt confirmatory of the worst suspicions-the harbinger of certain death. There is something horrible in its sight, presented in such a

y errand

e efforts at cheerfulness and unconcern. He moved to his window, and strove to whistle, and to speak of the haymakers who were busy in the fields, and of the weather; but the more he feigned to regard my information as undeserving of alarm, the more convinced I grew that deadly mischief had alrea

some time to-day. You can

t that. Tell me the worst, and I will not shrink from it. You must not think to deceive me. You ar

d be a fool, a madman, to speak so rashly. There is every reason to hope

does

pt perfectly composed-no agitation-no frightened faces around her. But I will go with you, and see what c

ardly enough, to appear wholly free from apprehension,

s patient, and rejoined me in the garden when h

e, then?" I excl

hich must be brought down. While that remains there will be anxiety, as there must be always-when it lea

do

mpossible to speak positively now. Whilst the fever lasts, symp

seen her

believes her slightly indisposed. I have calmed him, and have

wil

I think of it with dread. It has been my pleasure to stand your friend-you must prove mine. I shall expect you to act with fortitude and calmness, and not, by weakness and self-indulgence, to increase the pain that will afflict the parent's heart-for it will be sufficient for Fairman to know only what has happened to give up every hope and consola

I fal

ll you

ight, with every hope within me crushed an

no more, until we see what

o, but to keep the word which he had given the night before-viz., to pass the day with him. He was sorry that he had been deprived of their company at his own abode, but he could

to enquire?" as

"that never can be worth whil

l, he must think of moving; but he was

why you should be so uneasy at the thought of sl

s very late-s

gh, and, with his ready acquies

no account to disturb the lady if she slept or was composed. The gentle sufferer did not require his services, or, if she did, was too thoughtful and too kind to make it known. Early in the morning Doctor Mayhew came-the fever had increased-an

I do; but, is

pon extreme tranquillity. No one must see her. Dear me,

lacid?" I

at me, and seemed to gather something from my pale and careworn face. When Mayhew came, full of bustle, assumed, and badly too, as the

. "She will be better i

quired the father i

en attack-you see-any excitement may prolong it-it wouldn't

ter during breakfast. The meal was soon dispatched. Mr Fairman retired to his study

gate, "that Fairman remains so very unsuspicious. This

; "but it is most desirable

eans-for the pres

t this unusual act, showed no agitation, made no importunate enquiries. He asked frequently during the day if any amendment had taken place; but always in a gentle voice, and without any other reference to her illnes

ose. As I walked stealthily through the house, and on tiptoe, fearful of disturbing one beloved inmate even by a breath-I passed the incumbent's study. The door was open, and a glare of light broke from it, and stretched across the passage. I hesitated for a moment-then listened-but, hearing nothing, pursued my way. It was very strange. The clock had just before struck three, and the minister, it was supposed, had been in bed since

e the idol that stands between our love and God. Father of mercy-enable me to bring the truth home, home to this most traitorous-this lukewarm, earthy heart of mine-a heart not worthy of thy care and help. Let me not murmur at thy gracious will-oh, rather bend and bow to it-and kiss the rod that punishes. I need chastisement-for I have loved too well-

ed rapidly to the soul again. At this time the father paid his first visit to his child. He found her weak and wasted; the violent applications which had been necessary for safety had robbed her of all strength-had effected, in fact, a prostration of power, which she never recovered, from which she never rallied. Mr Fairman was greatly shocked, and asked the physician fo

thly treasure. It was he who watched the decay of her mother. The case is a similar one. He has no consolation to offer. It must be sought at the throne of Him who giveth, and hath the right to take away. The minister receives the intelligence with admirable f

y days. It is hard-but through the mercy of Christ it is not impracticable. Dear and oldest friend, unite your prayers with mine, for

cted one for its early flight, and to subdue the hearts of them all with his grace and holy spirit. Let him who doubts the efficacy

before her eyes holy spirits had appeared with the mysterious communication, which, hidden as it is from us, we find animating and sustaining feeble nature, which else would sink, appalled and overwhelmed. There was not one of us who did not live a witness to the truth of the heavenly promise, "as thy days, so shall thy strength be;" not one amongst the dearest friends of the sufferer, who did not feel, in the height of his affliction, that God would not cast upon his creatures a burden which a Christian might not bear. But to her especially came the celestial declaration with power and might. An angel, sojourning for a day upon the earth, and preparing for his homeward flight, could not

a sight as the devoted maid presented to my view. I had never supposed it possible to exist; and thus, as I sat at her side, though the thought of death was ever present, it was as of a terror in a milkwhite shroud-a monster enveloped and concealed beneath a robe of beauty. I listened to her with enchantment whilst she spoke of the littleness of this world, and the boundless happiness that awaited true believers in the next-of the unutterable mercy of God, in removing us from a scene of trouble whilst our views were cloudless

llude. She had pleasure in referring to the days of her childhood, and i

netrate so deeply or throw our gaze so far, we are so occupied with the joys that are round about us. Is it not so? Our parents are ever with us. Day succeeds to day-one so like the o

I replied, "is und

eling that has its origin elsewhere. It is born with us; brought from another world, t

"how little has sorrow to

night? Have you never been perplexed in the bustle and tumult of the day, and has not truth revealed itself when all was dark and sti

r lips. If at times the soaring spirit was repressed, dejected, the living-the loved ones whom she must leave behind her had possession of her thoughts, and loaded them with pain. Who would wait upon her father? Who would atte

died. A few hours before her death she summoned me to her bedside, and acquainted me with her fast-approaching dissolution. "It is the day," she said, speaking with difficulty-"I am sure of it. I have watched that branch for many days-look-it is

t Ellen!" I exclaimed, weepi

-be joyful. I have a word to say. Nurse," she c

d the sketch which she had

you will love it still. There is another sketch, you will find it by and by-afterwards-when I

h my grief, but I would not be s

er. Be sure it is merciful and good. Prepare for this hour, Caleb; and when it comes, you will be so calm, so ready to depart. How s

collected a host of humble creatures-the poorest but sincerest friends of Ellen-the villagers who had been her care. They waited and lingered for the heavy news, which they were told must come to them this day; and prayed secretly-every one of them, old and young-for mercy on the sufferer's soul! And she, whose gentle spirit is about to flit, lies peacefully, and but half-consciou

forget in sleep the circumstances of the day-the father to stray unwittingly into her for

the church and the burial-ground adjoining it. One grave was open. It represented that in which

l upon him for so great a sacrifice. Such a step, indeed, was rendered unnecessary through the kind help of Dr Mayhew, to whom I owe my present situation, which I have held for forty years with pleasure and contentment. Mr Fairman retired to a distant part of the kingdom, where the condition of the people rendered the presence of an active minister of God a privilege and a blessing. In th

e is amongst the first in a profession adorned by a greater number of high-minded, honourable men, than the world generally is willing to allow. Glad to avail myself of comparative repose, an active occ

a humbler sphere of life than that in which he had hitherto employed his undoubted talents. To those acquainted with the working of the unhappy system of dissent, it will not be a matter of surprise that the result was not such as the good judge anticipated. It so happened that, at the time of Mr Clayton's acquittal, a dispute arose between the minister of his former congregation and certain influential members of the same. The latter, headed by a fruiterer, a very turbulent and conceited personage, separated from what they called the church, and set up another church in opposition. The meeting-house was built, and the only question that remained to agitate the pious minds of the half-dozen founders was-How to let the pews! Mr CLAYTON, more popular amongst his set than ever, was invited to accept the duties of a pastor. He consented, and had the pews been trebled they would not have satisfied one half the applications which, in one month, were showered on the victorious schismatics. Here, for a few years, Mr Clayton continued; his character improved, his fame more t

dy demagogues, I trust my native land, and still believe, that on her lap she cherishes whole bands of faithful children, and firm patriots. Not amongst the least inducements to return to London was the advantage of a residence near to that of my best friend and truest counsellor. I cannot number the days which I have spent with him and his unequalled family-unequalled in their unanimity and love. For years, no Sunday passed which did not f

-"Now, just break one a-piece. There, that's right-now, try and break them altogether. No, no, my boys, you can't do that, nor can the world break you so long as you hold fast and well together. Disagree and separate, and nothing is more easy. If a year goes bad with one, let the others see to make it up. Live united, do your duty, and leave the rest to heaven." So Thompson spake; such was the legacy he left to those who knew from his good precept and example how to profit by it. My friendship with his children has grown and ripened. They are thriving men. Alec has inherited the nature of his father more than any other son. All go smoothly on in life, paying little regard to the broils and contests of external life, but most attentive to the in-door business. All, did I say?-I err. Exception must be made in favour of my excellent good friend, Mr Robert Thompson. He has in him something of the spirit of his mother, and finds fault where his brethren are most docile. Catholic emancipation he regarded with horror-the Reform bill with indignation; and the onward movement of the present day he looks at with the fee

ery gaudiest of the gaudy-silvery are their buttons, and silver-gilt the horses' harness. Stay, whilst the big door opens, and then mark the owner of the house and britzka. A distinguished foreigner, you say, of forty, or thereabouts. He seems dressed in livery himself; for all the colours of the rainbow are upon him. Gold chains across his breast-how many you cannot count at once-intersect each other curiously; and on every finger sparkles a precious jewel, or a host of jewels. Thick

ising slowly from it, I did not mourn her loss as men are wont to grieve at the departure of all they hold most dear. Think when I would of her, in the solemn watches of the night, in the turmoil of the bustling day-a saint beatified, a spirit of purity and love-hovered above me, smiling in its triumphant bliss, and whispering--peace. My lamentation was intercepted by my joy. And so throughout have I been irritated by the small annoyances of the world, her radiant countenance-as it looked sweetly even upon death-has risen to shame and silence my complaint. Repining at my humble lot, her words-that estimated well the value, the nothingness of lif

CIAL P

AI

ommercial intercourse is extended, as new marts are opened, and as hostile tariffs are mitigated or abated, by which former markets have been comparatively closed against the products of British industry. The fiscal changes already operated, may be said to have laid the foundation, and prepared the way, for this extension and revival of our foreign commercial relations; but it remains alone for our commercial policy to raise the superstructure and consummate the work, if the foundations be of such solidity as we are

een to put an entire stop to that branch of the carrying trade, which consisted in supplying the Russian market with the produce of other European countries, and of Brazil, Cuba, and elsewhere, direct in British bottoms. To avert this determination, representations were not spared, and at length negotiations were consented to. But for some time they wore but an unpromising appearance, were more than once suspended, if not broken off, and little, if any, disposition was exhibited on the part of the Russian Government to listen to terms of compromise. After upwards of twelvemonths' delay, hesitation, and diplomacy, the arrangement was finally completed, which was laid before Parliament at the commencement of the session. It may be accepted as conclusive evidence of the tact and skill of the British negotiators, that, in return for waiving the alterations before alluded to, and leaving British shipping entitled to the same privileges as before, it was agreed that the produce of Russian Poland, shipped from Prussian ports in Russian vessels, should be admissible into the ports of Great Britain on the same conditions of duty as if coming direct and loaded from Russian ports. As the greater part of Russian Poland lies inland, and communicates with the sea only through the Prussian ports, it was no more than just and reasonable that Russian Polish produce so brought to the coast-to Dantzig, for example-should be admissible here in Russian bottoms on the same footing as if from a Russian port. To this country it could be a matter of slight import whether such portion of the produce so shipped in Prussian ports as was carried in foreign, and not in British bottoms, came in Russian vessels or in those of Prussia, as before. To Russia, however, the boon was clearly of considerable interest, and valued accordingly. In the mean time, British shipping retains its former position, in respect of the carriage of foreign produce; and, however hostile Russian tariffs may be to British manufactured products-as hostile to the last degree they are, as well as against the manufactured wares of all other States-it is undeniable that our commercial marine enjoys a large proportion of the carrying trade with Russia-almost a monopoly, in fact, of the carrying trade between the two countries direct. Of 1147 foreign ships which sailed with cargoes during the year 1842 from the port of Cronstadt, 515 were British, with destination direct to the ports of the United Kingdom, whilst only forty-one foreign or Russian vessels were loaded and left during that year for British ports. Of 525 British vessels, of the aggregate burden of nea

o the cottage; but which also otherwise is not without its dangers. Amidst the whirlwind of passions, the storm of hatred and envy, conjured by the evil genius of his predecessors in office, and most notably by the malignant star which lately ruled over the foreign destinies of England, the task has necessarily been, yet is, and will be, Herculean; but the force of Hercul

ushered into public notice the first number of a new quarterly periodical, "The Foreign and Colonial Quarterly Review," in January last, and was generally accepted as a programme of ministerial faith and action. Our points of dissonance are, however, few; but, as involving questions of principle, whilst we are generally at one on matters of detail, we hold them to be of some importance. This, however, is not the occasion proper for urging them, when engaged on a special theme. But on a que

anges and reductions in the tariff of this country which signalized the very opening of Sir Robert Peel's administration. Conceding, however, this seeming concert of action to be merely fortuitous, what will the vice-president of the Board of Trade say to the long-laboured, but still unconsummated customs' union between France and Belgium? Was that in the nature of a combination against British commercial interests, or was it the reverse? It is no cabinet secret-it has been publicly proclaimed, both by the French and Belgian Governments and press, that the indispensable basis, the sine qua non of that union, must be, not a calculated amalgamation of, not a compromise between the differing and inconsistent tariffs of Belgium and France, but the adoption, the imposition, of the tariff of France for both countries in all its integrity, saving in some exceptional cases of very slight importance, in deference to municipal dues and octrois in Belgium. When, after previous parley and cajoleries

partisans prononcés, à deux conditions: la première, c'est qu'il ne faille pas payer ces beaux résultats par le bouleversement de l'industrie rationale; la seconde, c'est que la Belgique en accepte sincèrement es charges en même temps

ough Belgium, must inevitably flow from a customs' union, the absolute preliminary condition of which is to be, that Belgium "shall be ready to do every thing necessary to place our commerce beyond the reach of invasion by foreign products." Mr Gladstone may rest assured that the achievement of this Franco-Belgiac customs' union will still be pursued with all the indomitable perseverance, the exhaustless and ingeni

pamphleteers, like light irregulars, lead the skirmish in front, whilst the main battle is brought up with the heavy artillery of tome and works voluminous. Of these, as of brochures, filletas, and journals, we have various specimens now on our library table. All manner of customs, or commercial unions, between states are projected, proposed, and discussed, but from each and all of these proposed unions Great Britain is studiously isolated and excluded. We have the "Austrian union" planned out and advocated, comprising, with the hereditary states of that empire, Moldavia, Wallachia, Bulgaria, Servia, Bosnia, as well as those provinces of ancient Greece, which,

f the Board of Trade will perhaps see cause to revise the opinion too positively enounced, that "foreign countries neither have combined, nor ought to combi

rts and science of manufacture and commerce. With a diversity of soil and climate, in which almost spontaneously flourish the chief productions of the tropical as of the temperate zone; with mineral riches which may compete with, nay, which greatly surpass in their variety, and might, if well cultivated, in their value, those of the Americas which she has lost; with a territory vast and virgin in proportion to the population; with a sea-board extensively ranging along two of the great high-ways of nations-the Atlantic and the Mediterranean-and abundantly endowed with noble and capacious harbours; there is no conceivable limit to the boundless production and creation of exchangeable wealth, of which, with her immense natural resources, still so inadequately explored, Spain is susceptible, that can be imagined, save from that deficient supply of labour as compared with the territorial expanse which would gradually come to be redressed as industry was promoted, the field of employment extended, and labour remunerated. With an estimated area of 182,758 square miles, the population of Spain does not exceed, probably, thi

of foreign importations; 2d, of importations from Ameri

tations contains 1326 articl

of 15 per cent i

"

" 2

" 1

" 3

"

"

"

8 per cent, and the

foreign vessels are subject to an in

s at the rat

1/4

1/2

ly at the rate of 1/8 of the respective duties, an

l, will be increased by the 'consumo' to 20 per cent. And the duty of 20 per c

n vessels, on the same articles, 36 per cent. The duty of 25 per cent, will

e, imported from America, vary from 1 to 15 per

hillipines at 1 to 5 per cent duty, and thirty-six from China at

ith duties at 1 to 80 per cent, with on

e wrought iron, tobacco, spirits, quicksilver, ready-made clothing, corn,

on prohibited, amongst which are hides,

which 10 per cent is the basis of duty adopted for importations

Arguelles, the first Spanish financier and statistician of his day, calculated the territorial revenue of Spain at 8,572,220,592 reals, say, in sterling, L.85,722,200; whilst he asserts, with better cultivation, population the same, the soil is capable of returning ten times the value. As a considerable proportion of the revenue of Spain is derived from the taxation of land, the prejudice resulting to the treas

42, 879,19

ture, 1,541

--

the year,

at is, classification and ascertainment of claims; but hitherto with no better success than to find the sum swelling under the labour, notwithstanding national and church properties confiscated, appropriated, and exchanged away against titulos of debt by millions. It is variously estimated at from 120 to 200 millions sterling, but say 150 millions, under the different heads of debt active, passive, and deferred; debt beari

l war, a considerable portion of the war expenditure will be, and is being reduced, the additional L.1,200,000 gained, by an equitable adjustment of the tariff, on imports alone, perhaps we should be justified in saying one million and a half, or not far short of two millions sterling, import and export duties combined, would go far to remedy the desperation of Spanish financial embarrassments-the perfect solution and clearance of which, however, must be, under the most favourable circumstances, an affair of many years. It is not readily or speedily that the prodigalities of Toreno, or the unscrupulous, but mor

nciples. But we hold it to be of importance to re-establish facts, as far as possible, in all their correctness; or rather, to reclaim them from the domain of vague conjecture and speculation in which they have been involved and lost sight of. The task will not be without its difficulties; for the position and precise data are wanting on which to found, with even a reasonable approximation to mathematical accuracy, a comprehensive estimate, to resolve into shape the various and complex elements of Spanish industry and commerce, legitimate and contraband. Statistical science-for which Spain achieved an honourable renown in the last century, and may cite with pride her Varela, Musquiz, Gabarrus, Ulloa, Jovellanos, &c., was little cultivated or encouraged in that decay of the Spanish monarchy which commenced with the reign of the idiotic Carlos IV., and his venal minister Godoy, and in the wars and revolutions which followed the accession, and ended not with the death of Fernando his son, the late monarch-was almost lost sight of; though Canga Arguelles, lately deceased only, might compete with the most erudite economist, here or elsewhere, of his day. Therefore it is, that few are the statistical documents or returns existing in Spain which throw any clear light upon the progress of industry, or the extent and details of her foreign commerce. Latterly, indeed, the Government has manifested a commendable solicitude to repair this unfortunate defect of administrative detai

the country with hosts of smugglers, has not sooner been revised and reformed. France is not willing to enter into a confederacy of interests with Spain herself, nor to permit other nations, on any fair equality of conditions, and with the abandonment of those unjust pretensions to special privileges in her own behalf, which, still tenaciously clinging to Bourbonic traditions of by-gone times, would affect to annihilate the Pyrenees, and regard Spain as a dependent possession, reserved for the exclusive profit and the commercial and political aggrandisement of France. That these exaggerated pretensions are still entertained as an article of national faith, from

us living, to offer against one presenting little more than half the range of possible customers. She has more; she has the markets of the millions of her West Indies and Americas-of the tens of millions of British India, amongst whom a desire for the various fruits and delicious wines of Spain might gradually become diffused for a thousand of varieties of wines which, through the pressure of restrictive duties, are little if at all known to European consumption beyond the boundaries of Spain herself. With such vast fields of commercial intercourse open on the one side and the other, with the bands of mutual material interests combining so happily to bind two nations together which can have no political causes of distrust and estrangement, it is really marvellous that the direct relations should be of so small account, and so hampered by jealous adherence to the strict letter of an absurd legislation, as in consequence to be diverted from their natural course into other and objectionable channels-as the waters of the river artificially dammed up will overflow its banks, and, regaining their level, speed on b

rish produce and manufactures exporte

unted to

...

...

about 33 per cent. But as for three of the intermediate years 1837, 1838, and 1839, the exports are returned at L.286,636, L.243,839, and L.262,231,

inclusive, the av

1840, ..

he latter term, was ther

ritish account, and, as such, should therefore be classed under the head of trade with Spain. It may be assumed, however, t

1835

4,201 123,59

,831 9,470

, 38,969 3,26

as, 17,386 11

,641 5,231

,305 69,365

h may b

51 2,252,356

d colonial products re-exported for Spain, but they constitute the great bulk of value. Taking those of the last year, their value may be approximatively estimated in round numbers, as calculated upon what ma

290 lbs. at 5s

,620 - at

4,250 - at

729,550 - a

s, 16,049 piece

chandise," that the total amount of such values, inclusive of all the commodities non-enumerated here, would not exceed L.150,000, which, added to

ect also into the United Kingdom, as stated in the Board of Trade

1835

,921 64,175

es, 28,266 30,54

569 3,418

43,686 1,793 1

9,558 1,438,869

,066 104,334

19 15,880 22

68 2,641,547 3

23 1,602,752

erage of the prices ruling in the London market,

cwts. at 10s.

0,170 packages, at 30

cwts. at 30s

gallons, at L.45 pe

7,823 lbs., at 4s

cwts., at 40s.

llons, at 2s. 6d.

gallons, at L.20

lbs., at 2s. p

-

,96

ot be enumerated here, amongst which corn, skins, pig-lead, bark f

-

mports from Sp

duties scarcely more than nominal. On the other hand, it must be taken into the account, for the purpose of a fair comparison, that these average estimates of the prices of imported merchandise do include and are enhanced by the expense of freights and the profits of the importer, and therefore all the difference must be in excess of the cost price at which shipped, and by which estimated in Spain. The "declared values" of British exports to S

rom Spain in round

per cent

-

orts shipped

ue of British expor

-

direct on equalized estima

ar state, that these figures of relative and approximate quantities can hardly fail to excite a degree of astonishment and of doubt also. It will be, as it ought to be, observed at once, that the trade with Spain direct represents one

British and Irish produce, and manufactures

111

ed for Spain, licitly or illicit

&c., &c.

ens,

n goods thus imported into Gibraltar, the exports to Ceuta and the opposite coast of Africa amount, on the average, to L.70,000 per annum. Of linens and woollens a considerable proportion find their way there

77,352 lbs., s

,000 lbs.

0,000 lbs.

quantities enumerated above, to the total value of L.100,000 of commodities, of which a considerable proportion was destined for Spain. Assuming the

65,

ens one-th

ens, ib.

goods, and other

us tobacco, o

-

17,

the who

-

rect expor

add direc

-

,28

Spain are also imported into the U

dyeing, 5,724 tons

730 lbs. i

ting, besides the foregoing, of wines, skins, pig-lead, &c., &c., is brought here through Gibral

Spain direc

raltar,

-

L.1,8

Spain direc

raltar,

-

,28

-

n favour

t England,

se, will take public men and economists, both here and in Spain, by surprise. Amongst other of the more distinguished men of the Peninsula, Se?or Marliani, enlightened statesman, and well

test the complete accuracy of those given here by collation. The returns before us, and they are the

jon, Corunna, and the Balearic Isles, the total imports and export

els of the aggregat

ign trade in the same year occupied 1,645 vessels of 173,790 tonnage. The special aggregate exports from the nine ports cited to the United K

m Valencia, about 184,000 cwts, (ot

rom Almer

-

,67

ared by the others would be much less considerable. It is remarkable, under the circumstances, how closely these Spanish returns of exports to Great Britain approach

direct imports from S

h valuatio

ently asserted, for it is susceptible of proof, that much exaggeration is abroad on the subject. We shall bring some evidence upon the point. There can be no question that, so far as British agency is directly concerned, or British interest involved, in the contraband introduction of cottons, or other manufactures, or tobacco, it is almost exclusively represented by the trade with Gibraltar. We are

rect to Spa

altar,

which three-fourths find t

-

L.1,1

is not too much to assume, go into Spain through the ports of Leghorn and Genoa. Adding together, then, these several item

AN

Spain, according to the Gov

GL

hrough Spanish

Gibralta

Portugal

rn, Genoa, &c

-

L.3,0

xpressly quoted; the tobacco, dressed skins, corn, flour, &c. from France, with the illegal import of cottons-that the whole contraband trade carried on in Spain cannot amount to less than the enormous mass of one thousand millions of reals, or say ten millions sterling a-year. Conceding to the full the millions of pounds of tobacco here registered as smuggled from Gibraltar, of which, notwithstanding, we cannot stumble upon the official trace for half the quantity, we must, after due reflection, withhold our assent wholly to this very wide, if not wild, assumption

s and values, we give the returns of the total exports of cott

manufactures,

, 7,1

e the exports to the

red V

Portugal, yards 3

e, small war

s. 175,5

o Spain, yard

y, &c.

lbs.

ibraltar, yards

, &c. -

lbs. -

nd Italian Islands, yd

, &c. -

. 11,490,

-

L.3,0

reference to different years; they are, however, unimportant. We have already shown, that, deducting the re-exports of cottons to Ceu

65,

he cottons exported to Portugal find thei

braltar, assumed to be for Spain, as per o

to Spain from the Un

-

could find their way into Spain, di

-

exaggerated of Se?or

cess in estimat

s of cotton manufactures, with the exports, of t

e to the value

the United K

r re-export

in 1840, as compared with 1838 and 1839; and here, for greater convenience, we make free to extract the following remarks and returns from our esteemed contemporary of the Morning Herald, with some slight corrections of

referring to years antecedent to 1839, the relation between imports of cottons and re-exports, with the places from which imported and to which re-exports took place, is not sensibly disturbed. The returns for the whole of Sardinia are not possessed later than 1838, but those for Genoa, its chief port, are for 1839, and nearly the whole imports into

ts of cottons into G

from Engl

-exports

to Tuscan

nd Sicil

ria

d Placen

a Islan

rland

States

LTAR

states is stated for 1839 at L.108,640, of which th

hempen manufactures classed togeth

llens

and hempen goods together, in the sam

of L.26,000, of which to the value of L.8,000 only from England. In 1838 the total imports of cottons were for L.170,720, but no re-exportation from the island. The wh

ork, that one-fourth of the whole exports of British cottons to Italy and the Italian islands, say L.500,000 out of L.2,000,000, go to Spain, when, in point of fact, not one-tenth of the amount does, or can find its way there-or could, under any conceivable circumstances short of an absolute famine crop of fabrics in France and England.

ons to Portugal are destined for, and introduced into Spain by contraband. Assuming that Spain,

,20

abitants, that is more than one-fourth the population of Spain, consume

uese population, as may be said, of 5,400,000, consumed B

of people, be able to consume as much cotton values as Spain with 13? millions; o

against Spain, that is, of British exports, licit and illicit too, compared with imports from Spain-results annually in favour of this country, from the present state of our commercial exchanges with her. The second is, the greatly exaggerated notion of t

80,

ted by Se?or Marl

ate fidelity-for exactitude is out of the question and unattainable with the materials to be worked up-that an excess of values,

restrictions and prohibitions on Spanish products, with which, so unjustly, Spain now visits those of Great Britain. Far from us be the advocacy of a policy so har

ant employment of entire armies of regular troops, are elsewhere to be found in action and guarded against; they concern a neighbour nearer than Great Britain. According to an official report made to his Government by Don Mat

an

s from France into

s into France from

-

inst Spain,

Spain; a result greatly the reverse of that established in the trade of Spain with

51,0

erling, L

the land or Pyrennean

only 1,7

entered for 1

or 8,953

for 8,91

ttons. The fact may be accounted for from the closer proximity of France, the superior facilities and economy of land transit, the establishment of stores of goods in Bayonne, Bordeaux, &c., from which the Spanish dealers may b

ributary to one province, when it cannot satisfy the necessities of the others, neither in the quantity, the quality, nor the cost of its fabrics. What would result from a protecting duty

from Government customhouses, or customs' regulations. For this privilege, a certain inconsiderable subsidy was periodically voted for the service of the State. Regent Espartero resolutely suspended first, and then abrogated, this branch of the fueros. He carried the line of the customhouses from the Ebro, where they were comparatively useless and scarcely possible to guard, to the

he aggregate sum o

04,000,0

01,000,0

nution avait été enorme." But although the general returns could not be given, those specially referring to the single customhouse of Bayonne had been obtai

in value to 15

15,800,0

len to 5,700

remendous, of ne

revival of smuggling prosperity from the perpetuation of the French reciprocity system of trade all on one side, but in the restoration of the commercial privileges so long enjoyed exclusively by French subjects and shipping, but now broken or breaking down under the hammering blows of Espartero-nor

ced in other countries, which consume less of what she abounds in, and have less the means of consumption. Beyond all, let her cordially join this country in urging upon the Spanish Government, known to be nowise averse to the urgency of a wise revision and an enlightened modification of the obsolete principles of an absurd and impracticable policy both fiscal and commercial-a policy which beggars the treasury, whilst utterly failing to protect native industry, and demoralizes at the same time that it impoverishes the people. We are not of the number of those who would abandon the assertion of a principle quoad another country, the wisdom and expediency of which we have advocated, and are still prepared to advocate, in its regulated application to our own, from the sordid motive of benefiting British manufactures to t

f her gigantic debt, upon which, beyond some three or four hundred thousand pounds annually, for the present, on the capitalized coupons of over-due interest accruing on the conversion and consolidation operation of 1834, the Toreno abominati

panish Debt at com

hat is verified, L.50,1

,364,228 with 5

lidated,

nt, 15,242,593 I

5,842,63

--

9,850 L

--

conversion of old debt, L.33,

the public treasury of F

ment of English cla

ican claims, 1

--

,620 L.1

onds, &c., amount not stated, b

ed, 5,

040 Calculate

542,582 per

-

931

-

sive of capitaliza

xhibits an almost equally hopeless prospect of annual deficit, as between

93,47

iture, 1,5

-

t, 662

revenue sterli

esides uncover

nging millions with each other for every million now operated. The L.1,500,000 thus gained would almost suffice to meet the annual interest on the L.34,000,000 loan conversion of 1834, still singularly classed in stock exchange parlance as "active stock." As for the remaining mass of domestic and foreign debt, there can be no hope for its gradual extinction but by the sale of national domains, in payment for which the titles of debt of all classes may be, as some now are, receiv

s in force, and ask why they, who, in favour of their own industry and products, never asked for prohibitions, are to be sacrificed to Catalonia and Biscay? The Spanish Government and the most distinguished public men are well known to be favourable, to be anxiously meditating, an enlightened change of

r Marliani, so often referred to, but our limits forbid. To show, however, the state and progress of the cotton manufacture in Catalonia

n half that imported by the English in the year 1784. The sixteen millions of pounds imported that year by the English are less than the third part imported by the same nation in 1790, which amounted in all to thirty-one millions; it is only the sixth part of that imported in 1800, when it rose to 56,010,732 lbs.; it is less than the seventh part of the British importations in 1810, which amounted to seventy-two millions of pounds; it is less than the fifteenth part of the cotton imported into the same country in 1820, when the sum amounted to 150,672,655 pounds; it is the twenty-sixth part of the British importation in 1830, which was that year 263,961,452 lbs.; and

nd open manner in which the operations of the contrabandistas are conducted, and of the scandalous partic

wn to attend to assist him in the search. In some time the second alcalde presented himself, and at the instance of M. Prim dispersed some groups of the inhabitants who had assumed a hostile attitude. In a few minutes after, and just as some shots were fired, the first alcalde of the town appeared, and stated that the whole population was in a state of complete excitement, and that he could not answer for the consequences; whereupon he resigned his authority. While this was passing, about 200 men, well

his indispensable complement of their own tariff reform, and low prices consequent, he must be a bold man who can reflect upon the consequences without dismay. Those consequences can benefit no one class, and must involve in ruin every class in the country, excepting the manufacturing mammons of the Anti-corn-law league, who, Saturn-like, devour their own kindred, and

TNO

nditioned cat, and it was agreed on all hands that a cat of the ordinary species-grey, white, and tortoiseshell-was worth two pauls-(learned cats, Angora cats, cats with two heads or three tails, are not, of course, included in this tariff.) Paying down this sum for two several Genoese cats which had been just strangled by our friend, we demanded a legal receipt, and we added successively other receipts of the same kind, so that this document becam

exquisite medley of humdrum, matter-of-fact details, jotted down as if by some unconscious piece of mechanism:-"Florence manufactures excellent silks, woollen cloths, elegant carriages, bronze articles, earthenware, straw hats, perfumes, essences

hment for twenty-four hours, unless some of them might obtain a few grani from their fellow-citizens, or the compassion of strangers; but this is very rare, as the Syracusans are familiarized with the spectacle, and few strangers visit Syracuse. When the distributor of this blessed soup appeared, there were unheard-of cries, and each one rushed forward with his wooden bowl in his hand. Only there were some too feeble to exclaim, or to run, and who dragged themselves forward, groaning, upon their hands and knees. There was in the midst of all, a child clothed, not in any

m the day when, lying in their cradle, they began to draw the milk from their exhausted mothers, to the last hour when, stretched on their bed of death, they have expired endeavouring to swallow the sacred

ar is the Tartar plura

eturn) Beaters

n) Rather less tha

iable custom, of taking off some part of their

8: (ret

, traders of the sect of Souni

oin the original-to the vivacity and spirit of which i

rt aussen i

n einges

m seems a patriotic effusion to exalt one of the heroes of his country, of whose fame (to judg

t. The sentiment conveyed in these lines on Rousseau is natural enough to the author of "The Robbers," but certainly not to the poet of "Wa

"Und Empfindung soll m

al, but which, if literally translat

eturn) Joseph,

e 14: (

sad, the gard

rmit, sigh'd-ti

PBE

of the Poet is, that Love rules all things in the inanimate or animate creation; that, even in the moral world, opposite emotions or principles meet and embrace each other. The idea is pushed into an extravagance natural to the youth, and redeemed by the passion, of the Aut

a of the Salmon, proving the Parr to be the Young of the Salmon."-Edinburgh New Phil. Journ. vol. xxi. p. 99. "Experiments on the Development and Growth of the Fry of the Salmon, from the Exclusion of the Ovum to the Age of Six Months."-Ibid. vol. xxiv. p. 165. "Account of Experimental

ing the slow growth of salmon fry in fresh water, and the conversion of parr into smolts. We may add, that Sir Wi

imens are now preserved in the Museu

ed in the sea till autumn, their size on entering the fresh waters would have been much greater; or had they spawned early in winter, and descended speedily to the sea, they might have returned again to the river in spring as small salmon, while their more sluggish brethren of the same age were still in the streams under the form of grilse. All their growth, th

h their wire marks in situ, may now be seen in

ound to elapse between the deposition of the ova and the hatching of the fry-90, 101, 108, and 131 d

e direction of Lord Francis Egerton some full-grown fish were carried there previous to the breeding season. These spawned; and their produce, as

of hatching till about the middle of the sixth year, has been dep

ater, they will resume the coloured coating which they formerly bore. The captive females, he adds, manifested symptoms of being in a breeding state by the beginning

he formation above referred to, and the great increase of their productive feeding-ground, and tranquil places for repose and play, these tiny creatures have, in some instances, attained to an enormous size. We lately examined one which weighed six pounds. It was not a sea-trout, but a common fres

en is preserved in the Museum of

Antequera, los hierros de Vizcaya y los elaborados por maquinaria en las ferrerías á un lado y otro de esta ciudad, han adelantado, prosperan y compiten con los efectos extranjeros mas acreditados. ?Y han solicitado acaso una prohibicion? Nó jamas: un derecho protector, sí; á su sombra se criaron, con la competencia se formaron y llegaron á su robustez.... Ingleterra figura

by Ballantyne and