Initiative in Evolution

answer. We all know, of course, how a man's hair is said to stand on end in excessive states of horror or rage, and how a short-haired terrier

beneath the skin is the efficient cause in many regions of the formation of hair patterns. But like Kirkpatrick when Bruce stru

Human E

hese days old men are of less account than in earlier and simpler times, but I claim to have found "a new use for old men" as I had almost thought of calling this chapter. In this somewhat negle

e eyebrows of man, looking upon them as representatives of those found in some species of macacus and the chimpanzee. That great and modest man w

volume published in the jubilee of The Origin, and called Darwin and Modern Science, two good photographs of him, at the ages of thirty-five and about seventy-one are reproduced. These both show, but the later one much more clea

forehead and round his orbits. It is these two groups of facts, wrinkles and twisted, changed hairs of man's eye

f facts under the title "Notes on the Eyebrows of Man," and presented some large drawings of individual e

hapter supplied part of the answer in a very fruitful field, the proof still remained one of "tremendous probability" and not more

line the hairs assume a nearly sagittal direction, then become more sloped away, and a sharp change in the direction of the frontal and orbital streams brings the remaining hairs into that regular accurate arrangement of a united stream so characteristic of a hairy subject, and this passes along the superciliary ridge t

e to them which they will find a

e from

rrequer, The O'Donohue, and, perhaps best of all for the illustrations, The Knight of Gwynne. Examine, with a lens if necessary, the delicate way in which Phiz shows the projecting hairs on the eyebrows of his many elderly men, and note at the same time the truth to scientific fact which he shows in his female characters, for only in the drawings of "Mrs. Gamp proposes a toast" and of Mrs. Pipchin in "Paul and Mrs. Pipchin," and one or two doubtful instances, can I find that he represents even his elderly women with this feature of their eyebrow hairs. But see Captain Cuttle and Mr. Bunsby in "Solemn references to Mrs. Bunsby," both with strongly-marked shelves of hair sticking out from the brows, Captain Cuttle in "The shadow in the little parlour," one of the fat coachmen in "Mr. Weller and his

t is taken

y," the "Old Person of Chester," all with strange and striking bushes of long hairs standing out from their brows. Again see how hardly one of the female characters shows a trace of it even in that most truculent "Grandmother of the Young Person of Smyrna" who threatened to burn her, though her vertical wrinkles are formidable, or in the remarkable face of the wife of the "Old Man of Peru." The "Old Lady of Prague" shows it in a moderate degree. Support of this kind may be trivial, and so will the opposing counsel say is that of a burglar's finger-p

terpreted b

put some indelible stamps on the forehead and round the orbits of the men examined. These are wrinkles which have been long in

ormer are the results of degenera-tion and wasting of the subcutaneous fat and loss of its normal elasticity, and are found in the faces of nearly all men and women, with advancing age, and the

en and men in respect of the projecting hairs is not that men have many more physiological wrinkles,

different muscles, the vertical by the corrugator muscle, which is a narrow band passing from under the frontalis muscle inwards, where it is attached to the bone between the two eyebrows; the arched by th

le line with a deep furrow, more often they are bilateral and symmetrical, near the inner fourt

of lines which are usually concentric with the curve

lower and inner borders of the orbit, and in some persons they

Exa

added below nine figures of certain cases examined and noted by myself, and these are, I hope,

f long hair projecting from the plane of the eyebrows towards the inner end, looking like a small horn, and I have measured individual hairs in elderly persons and found many an inch in length and a few an inch an

alf hiding the upper lids and eyes. Another will show at the outer end of the eyebrows a bristling bush of hairs turning upwards in the aggressive manner of Wilhelm II. of evil memory, or of Mr. Roosevelt in former times. Again the o

ict of

corrugator draws the skin of the eyebrow inwards to the middle line thus acting at a right angle to the line of the frontalis. (3) The orbicularis in the upper part directly opposes the action of the frontalis and in the lower acts "on its own" in closing the lower lid. This little spot is a Hill 60, destroyed at the battle of Messines, and has been the scene of much fighting throughout life, and it bears abiding witness in the twists and curves of the long hairs to the severity of the struggles. These actions of the three contending muscles are involuntary and of a reflex character, and much emp

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les con-cerned in move-ments of parts round orbits. Right

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.-C. B.

r and middle third of each side the thick hairs turn

rly well-marked, one very deep,

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