Travels in Morocco, Volume 1.

s on" before the Shereefian presence.-Case of the French Israelite, Dannon, who was killed by the Government.-Order of the Government against Europeans smoking in the streets.-Character of

ish Abolition.-European Slavery in Southern Morocco.-Spanish Captives an

of Mr. Hay's diplomatic powers and influence with the Sultan, as well as the peculiar situation in which Mr. Willshire was placed, encumbered with great liabilities to his Highness' custom-house, I already abandoned all hopes of

when His Excellency had little business on hand. The Moors usually devote the morning of their sabbath to prayer, and afternoon

atting on his hams upon the floor of a little dirty shop, not more than eight feet by six in di

s indeed an affectation of nakedness and desolation. Pen and ink were placed by his side, and a number of official papers were strewn about, with some letters bea

al Master. Sidi Hay Elarby was an elderly man, with a placid and intelligent countenance. His manners throughout the interview were those of a perfect Moorish gentleman. The Governor could not be

ho, being a Jew, pulled off his shoes, and crouching down before the Governor, read to him paragraph by paragraph. Each passage wa

which was read for the purpose of introducing t

which his Imperial Majesty may deem proper, with the people of England for the abolition of slavery. I am sent to the Court of Morocco by a Society of English gentlemen

d. Copies of these letters are in the possession of Mr. Willshire. Those letters express strong sympathy for the objects of the mission, and require the Consuls to give me their fullest protection; and so far, our gracious Queen, the

o your religion, they could not have given me letters of introduction to their consuls in this country. Rest assured that the Engli

government continues to spend vast sums, adding to this enormous amount for the same object of humanity. I am sure that, if your Imperial Master value the friendship of England and the British government, if it be a politic and good thing for Morocco to be allied with the most power

l such affairs. But I can assure your Excellency that the English people will never cease, though all nations be against them, as long as God Almight

ontrary to the religion of those countries, in this it is not; here it is lawful for us to buy and sell slaves. Mahomet, our Prophet, has authorized us to do this; but, at the same time

r counsellors and ministers; but the Sultan of Morocco always acts without advice or councils. [25] If the address had come from the Queen, it would have been received, and an answer would have been returned according

een, according to our opinion and religion, misspent, and employed to destroy a system of which we appr

m England. Besides, we always give the English whatever they ask for. When the French were at war with Spain and wished to take Ceutra from her, the English demanded from our Sultan, a small island near Ceutra, to

oured to present the Add

g his Excellenc

d, I dare not receive the address, nor write to our Lord [26] about it. Nor can I look at it, for in case the Sultan asks me about it, I must swear that I have

bolish the traffic in slaves throughout his dominions, all the people would rise up

or you would not be entrusted with this mission-comply with the

even to the whole of this city of Mogador. But for myself I cannot comply with

e up the attempt of abolishing slavery in Morocco, and not to

n voice, and the skill of his argumentations, and has the

refore, that the wily Shereef should wish to know what this Address of an English Society was, or could be; and if possible to obtain a copy, although for the sake of the people it was found necessar

th my Moorish guide, I found myself trea

we went up one street and down another, stealing along our way; as if on some house-breaking expedition; and I began to fe

we reach you

od knows;

It was now bitter cold, and a few drops of rai

Guide

is the

!" After we had passed other

ut! (hold y

d gateway, with a broken panell

ned my guide. "

ishman) hold your tongue! Do you

e me believe I was about to have my head thrust through a bowstring. I ejaculated; "Allah Akbar! Mercy upon us!" blending Arabic and English in my fright, and struggling, fell wi

her apartment within the loft was now opened, shewing, through a dim and indistinct light, a venerable old Moor, sitting in the midst of heaps of papers and books, like a midnight astrologer, or a secret magician. On our entrance, th

(ass)-I had the greatest trouble to get him here-he was frightened

a moment at the big negro, who decamped instantly and returned with a teapot and two cups. The two cups were then filled with tea, one of which was presented to me, but I had some hesitation about drinking it. The Cid, looked up at me with a quiet smile, and gently muttered "Eshrub! (drink,") I drank the tea and then waited anxiously to know what was coming next. The Cid continued to unroll t

eally imagined I had been dreaming an ugly dream, until one of the English Jews called, and said he was making a translation of the Address to be dispatched to the Emperor at Morocco, and af

pull off his shoes, which would be depriving him of the rights of British-born subjects, who stand with their shoes on in the Shereefian presence. The Consul says he cannot answer the question, an

of Mazagran, reported him to the Emperor, and his Highness sent orders to have him decapitated. It was said afterwards by the Maroquine Government, that "The order was merely to bring him to Morocco, and that, whe

d, these Mauro-European Jews give great troubles to the consuls; the various persons of a single family being often under the protection of three or four consuls. It will thus be seen how full of difficulties was this Darmon affai

tate his son had been sent to Mazagran. No doubt it was a barbarous action, but the extreme imprudence of the young man provoked the government to extremities. The court was so irritated at the time, that it even issued an order to place all Jews, natives, foreigners, or Europeans upon the same level of exposure to Moorish insult and

ring Ramadan, Kafer-Nazarenes went about smoking, occasioning the Faithful to sniff up the smoke, and so break

treets. The French Consul considering this a police regulation, summoned together the French subjects, and begged of

ernment. He considers the laissez faire system the very best, and this is al

urprising that the imprudent Darmon fell into the clutches of this provincial tyrant, who probably ensnared him as a prey. Up to the time of this affair, Haj Mousa had been an irremoveable governor. The Sultan himself never attempted to d

ducats; with this, the prince was enabled to escape, and he saved his life to be afterwards proclaimed Meer-el-Moumeneen. On receiving the mule and money, he exclaimed in a transport of gratitude to the Governor of Mazagran, "I will never f

Shelouh or, Berber of the South. On asking if he would make a trans

head for doing such a thing; and, again, it would be a sin to co

iscussion on a mor

t to rob us Christians and the Moors. Your young children are even praised by t

it is not true that we rob you, Christians. If w

ctions under every pretence. I am inclined, nevertheless, to think, without prejudice, that it is a received maxim with all native Barbary Jews, "to rob unbelievers, Moors and Christian

there is little or no harm in robbing Jews and Bl

that almost every tradesman, and every imperial merchant have two sets of weights, one to buy and another to sell with. A merchant once had the

here is none!" A European merchant interfered, and saved the Jew from the bastinado he so richly deserved. A Kady hearing of these abominations, took upon himself to begin a reform, and went about examining weights. For his honest pains, and, in the midst of his work of reform, the officious functionary received an or

eights, I derived from most unquestionable authority, o

is usual good sense and prudence. He thus harangued them:-"Now, let those who want new arms come and take them, and bring back the old ones. Let all have courage, and fear not the Christians; fear not, women and children!" The movement of troops was part of a general me

ing was good. His Highness is evidently a pacific ruler, he has but few regular t

he soldiers, and the Emperor never

o consolidate his power. True, it excited the tribes of the interior against the Christia

y observed, "I am ordered by my Sultan to defend this city against all assailants, and I shall do so till I

ursed Nazarenes. The Sheerefs will fire against the French leaden balls, and silver balls." Another observed to me, "If a

e large guns of the forts were practised, and the guns of the grand battery loaded. The infantry continued to practise on the beach of the port: their manoeuvres were very uncouth and disorderly, they merely moved

Jorelle was right in not exposing himself to the mob, or the wild levies who had come from their mountains. The fault of the Governor was, in exciting the warlike fanaticism of the tribes of the interior against the Chri

l themselves of any opportunity of purchasing a thing cheap when it is cheap; they simply provide for their hourly wants. They act in the literal sense of 'Take no thought for the morrow, but let the morrow take care of itself.' As to the Jews, they feast one day and fast the next." With regard to the excitement then existing, M. Authoris observed. "This Government, on hearing rumours of Spanish and French expeditions against the country, must naturally make use of what power it has, the Holy War power, to excite the people i

ristians. This, however, is no praise to them, for they could not resist acting according to the will and mind of God. As for the Mussulmen, what they do is for the benefit of slaves, especially females, who, one and all, are doomed to

habit of managing and taking a wife early, and adopt the immoral practice of buying female slaves, by which they avoid, as they say, the trouble and expense of marrying females of their own rank in Moorish society. A good Mussulman must however, marry once in his life. Slaves are imported via Wadnoun from Timbuctoo and Soudan, and even from the weste

he line of coast below Wadnoun, and the adjacent Sahara. Something like a regular system of Christian slavery is there going on, whilst its head-quarters are not more than five or six days' journey from this residence of the European Consuls. This white slavery consi

in shipwreck, the escaped captive rarely knows anything. They are gone: they are either drowned near the coast, plundered and massacred, or carried far away into the Desert, and perhaps for ever. Formerly vessels navigated through the channel (if it may be so called) of the Canary Islan

e true storm scent of the wrecker, patiently watch the coasts, pouncing on their prey, with the voracity of the vulture, as it is thrown up from the deep, along the inhospitable shore. Having got the shipwrecked men in their possession, they act with the cunning and avarice of slave-dealers, and are aided by the still craftier Jews, who always render it very

hould they discover that they do, they carry them away into hopeless captivity, through the wilds of the Desert, refusing to sell them at any price or offer of ransom. But those who cannot,

for a Spanish captive's release, lest it should never be refunded. The Spanish Government, representing a people so chivalrous in bygone times, and so proud of their ancient exploits over the Moors of this very country, are not now-a-days over zealous in redeeming thei

n massacred by the Arabs, or perished on the coast. But, at present, we know nothing certain of this, although but a few days' journey from the scene where the disaster took place-so miserable are our means of information for enabling us to put an end to this system of Christian slavery.

ament to build a school with a portion; but I should suggest that it would be more in accordance with the original object, and declared intention of the benevolent, donor, were this large surplus fund devoted to the redemption of all other Christian captives, of whatever nation or country. Because two hundred dollars are not forthcoming which could easily be supplied from the Ironmongers' Company's funds, a poor Spania

rence, that they consider it right to make slaves of white men and Europeans, as well as of black men,

ry Jews at Mogador, mor

iberty of reminding them

rculating among them co

c

abbi-El Melek and other Jews a

ion of the Jews of this coun

Hebrew Bible he read) "'Cursed be Canaan; a ser

ions of Africa-are these reasons why the all-Merciful Deity will hold man guiltless who enslaves and maltreats poor Africans? Now, the Jews have been dispersed all over the wor

, and besides, we are commanded to treat well our slaves in the

vants of servants!" Others even added, "If we were Sovereigns of Morocco, we should make slaves of both Mahometans and Christians." This indeed is the genuine feeling of Barbary Jews;

e acute enough to make them, and are as good Jesuits as those of Rome. Some

o the fair interpretation of the Mosaic law. He and all Jews were much astonished at the tenor of Lord Brougham's Act, and got not a little frightened; for all the merchants of Mogador, Christians and Jews, more or less aid and abet the sl

ing their brethren of North Africa on the question of slavery. The Israelites, who have suffered so much from slavery and

er the departure of those of Hhaha. Government were afraid to bring both together, lest they should fight among themselves. Alluding to the quarrel of th

ly excited against the Christians, owing to the foolish conduct of the Moorish authorities. The lawless bands spat at me, and every European passing by them, screaming with threatening gestures, "God curse you! Infidels." These semi-savages, cal

ive or argan-oil, or liquid butter; on this being exhausted, they could st

ious to get rid of them, which was not at all surprising. So avaricious is the Emperor, that when he can, he makes the rich Moors supply arms for their poorer brethren

ma man and a Hhaha man. The Shedma people, or inhabitants of the plains, mostly speak Arabic, those of the mo

put your hands of the dev

"Dog and Je

nchman! there's some one

enchman! your mother has been

to his bowels. The scuffle fortunately excited the instant attention of a group of Arabs close by, who, securing both, carried them before the Shiekh; who, without hearing the subject of the quarrel, bastinadoed them both wi

ty, for it is the only town constructed altogether on geometrical principles throughout Morocco. Its form, however, is really a triangle. Mogador is a modern city, having

of the Empire, and a port for the southern capital (Morocco). This town belo

egularly built, with streets in direct lines, extremely convenient though somewhat narrow. The residences of the consuls and European merchants are elegan

dence of the governor, and several houses occupied by European consuls and merchants, which are all

ing kept by the police. Nevertheless, several Jews, especially Imperial traders, are allowed to

tection, against the depredations of the mountaineers, or Arabs of the plain. The port is for

landed, at the bombardment of Mogador, they released fifty or sixty state prisoners, some of whom had been Bashaws, or ministers of this and former reigns. The isle, however, is finely sit

h extends along the north-western side of the port. Such vessels do not lie there except in the summer months, and then with extreme caution, being, as they are, right off in

n three upon the ramparts could be worked, if they were mounted, which they are not. All their guns, which have been only twelve months here, are already in very bad order, from exposure to the climate and surf. The casemates are so damp, that their interior is covered constantly with a thick nitrous incr

fty Christians, who carry on an important commerce, principally with London and Marseilles. Excepti

its defence. The inhabitants are supplied with water by means of an aqueduct, fed by the little river, or rill of Wai Elghored, two miles distant south. The climate hereabouts is extremely salubrious, the rocky sandy site of the city being removed from all marshes or low lands, which produce pestiferous miasma or fe

culture turning the most hopelessly sterile portions of the world to account. These sands of Mogador are only a portion of a vast and almost interminable link, which girdles the north-western coast of the African continent, and is only broken in

urier, is twelve days, but no traveller could be exp

distances ar

to Rab

to Fez

Mickas

o Moroc

to Moroc

o Santa C

to Wadno

to Terada

ruz) means in Berber "walls." It is the Gurt Luessem of Leo Africanus. The town is small, but strong, and well fortified, and is situate upon the top of

iver Sous, and formerly Aghadir

nce at Aghadir of three years, not a single ship was lost or injured. The principal battery of Aghadir, a place equally strong by nature and art, is half way down the western declivity of the mounta

med el-Hassan besieged it in 1536 with an army of fifty thousand men, and owing to the accident of a powder-magazine blow

merchants to quit the place and establish themselves at Mogador. The father of this prince had sworn vengeance against the haughty city, but died without accomplishing his sanguinary threats. The son, however, did the work of blood, so faithful to vows of evil and violence is man. Since that period, Aghadir has dwindled down to nothing, six hundred inhabitants, and others say only one hundred and fifty. The greater part of these are Jews, who have the finest women in all the country. Mr. Davidson says the populati

the empire, amounts to upwards of sixty thousand. This is his, the lion's share. His Imperial Highness, who was accepting presents from various governors, lately received five hundred slaves from the Sheikh of Tar

negroes to invade Morocco, who are infinitely more numerous. The reason why the English abolished slavery is because the Queen of England has a good heart, but Mussulmen treat their slaves well, and do not fear the anger of God."

she was very happy to hear a Christian was come to purchase all her husband's slaves, for she was tired of her life with them. The truth is, respectable Moorish females detest this system of domestic slavery, and wish to see it abolished, notwithstanding that they are bred in it, and are them

ar sons, are treated with great respect; their children are free by the law, and cannot be disposed of, although the Moors do sell them when hard pressed for money. Yet even these negresses are beginning to chatter and clatter abou

of this sort beckoned me to come to him as I was passing in the street, and thus began: "Christi

r upon me, nor throw a handful of sa

, he drew in his horns), "Well, how much

hing; you have no right to sell

r.-"It's ou

n slaves, born in your houses, and who are Mussulmen?" The slave-dealer, puzzled and a

uliar glory of Christian lands. Tunis is not so "go a-head" as Yankee freedom-land. The consequence was the pilgrim left without his slave. He then, strange to say, applied to me to procure him back his slave. Thinking this a good opportunity to agitate the authorities here OR the question, I recommended him to apply to the Governor, who should wr

hat is fully reported in my previous publication. When the slaves arrive in Morocco, they are inarched about in different directions of the country for sale. During their passage through a populous district like this, where the females are exposed to the brutal violence of ten thousand casual visitors, or agents of police and government, it is the ordinary and revolting practice to adopt means one cannot describe for the purpose of preserving their honour. Private punishments are frequent; to my certain knowledge, a female slave was tied up by the heela, head downwards, and, after being cruelly flagellated, was left for d

n ruins, at about half an hour's distance, illustrating most empha

ce of the harbour, is supposed to be of Spanish con

ndations "upon the sands" having given way. Storms along this shore are often terribly de

are Yezid, Suleiman, and Abd Errahman. Yezid is represented as throwing away money with one hand, and cutting off heads with the other, depicting his ferocity in destroying his enemies, and his generosity in heaping favours on his friends.

Willshire. Just when I was leaving Mogador, his Imperial Highness graciously returned it to our merchant with the message-"It's too dear." Not long before, a man was murdered upon the neutral land of two adjacent provinces, and a thousand dollars were taken from his baggage. In such cases, the Governor of the district is mulcted both for the murder and robbery. The Emperor claimed two thous

n the balance of the fray, and to pacify the country. Then, he made the belligerents pay each 40,000 dollars, as pacification-money, th

ears in this country, and was himself once an Imperial merchant, but sold his business, preferring a small stipend and his liberty, to being a

thing with the Government of Morocco. It will also effect much with the people. Some fifty years ago, a Geneose merchant, resident in Mogador, had the two provinces of Hhaha and Shedma under his control, and could have made himself Sultan over them; this he effected solely b

merchant was placed on board, this message was delivered to him-"Our Sultan is extremely obliged to you, sir, for the great services you rendered him, by establishing him on his throne! but our Sultan says, 'If you could place him on the throne, you could also pull him off again.' Therefo

calls Isgueder. A Moor was accused by the authorities of Mogador of being mixed up with the transaction, and immediately sent to the south, where he has not been heard of since. Another report is that the French are only building a fact

commercial relations with the Sheikh of Wadnoun, or any tribes thereabouts, whatever might have been their original intentions. Vessels of war have frequently visited the coast of Wa

e assuming a commercial or diplomatic character. [34] The whole coast, from the port of Mogador to the river Senegal, has been, within the last few years, surveyed by the French vessels of war, particularly by Captain E. Bou

itish vessel of war was sent down with presents for the Sheikh, and to ascertain the whereabout of the fine harbour reported to exist there by the Sheikh and his people. This attempt of our government was as fruitless as that of the French aft

any rate thwart his expedition to Timbuctoo, for the Emperor is exceedingly jealous of any European holding communication with the south. The Sheikh Barook is, in spite of all this, very anxious to begin an intercourse with Europeans; and not long ag

ince, is more immediately under the power of the Sultan of the Shereefs, but the tithes are not so easily collected in the south as in the north. Much depends on the ability of the governor, who rules the whole of the

they may win their freedom and independence? Alas! never. Wadnoun is treated, however, very tenderly; for if the Emperor were to attempt the

at. All the Saharan caravans must pass through this country, except those proceeding via Tafilett to Fez. Teroudant, its capital, is a very ancient city, and was built by the ancient Berbers. It has a cir

strict, having many clusters of inhabitants. The town where the Sheikh resides, is of good size, and has a millah, o

s river was Daradus. The territory around is not very fertile on account of the neighbourhood of the Desert, but produces gum, wax, and ostrich feathers in abundance. The inhabitants are mostly

ch of Wadnoun after t

ids

ustr

here, and some Saharan. Several Saharan merchants come no further north, dispos

n his attempted journey to Timbuctoo had he been more circumspect. He gave out to all persons whom he met that he was going to Timbuctoo. This insured his being stopped and murdered en route by some party or other, more especially as he at last abandonod the idea of protecting himself by a caravan-party, and

The party of Arabs to whom this mischievous young man belonged, was afterwards extremely grieved at what had been done. One of the Arabs, in plundering the baggage, lost his hand by breaking a bottle containing aqua fortis. The glass cut a large gash, and the aqua fortis entering immediately, consumed the hand

oney, or prudence?" I would reply, "The first thing is suffering, the second is suffering, and the last is suffering." [36] I consulted an old man on this journey to Timbuctoo. He could not undertake a voyage being too old. He mentioned names of pl

ed on my relinquishing such a project, inasmuch as having placed myself at the direction of the Consul-General, as recommended by the Earl of Aberdeen, I was not at liberty to differ from the advice, which Mr. Hay and hi

eds of liberty, if we can do nothing more." Indeed, I am greatly obliged to that gentleman for the interest he took in my mission, and the assistance he rendered me on this and other occasions. After my return to England, I received two letters from the Sheikh in answer to those I had written to him. The Sh

ch of the pro-slavery feeling once existing in a strong party in England, and the mighty struggles which we had passed through to obtain British Abolition, to expect anything more than a respectful answer to antislavery letters from a Prince of the Desert, whose revenues were raised chiefly from t

ans here visit the Jews twice a year, at the feast of the Passover and Tabernacles. In return, Jews visit C

he sorrows attending the deliverance from Egyptian bondage, are the more difficult parts of the ceremony. The children naturally feel most the disagreeableness of eating the bitter herbs, and several times, as soon as they put them into their mouths, they spat them out again under the table. The drinking

in the Talmudical religion of both classes. But, since I should be very sorry were a Jew to hold up to me the mummeries of Popery or of the

to eat cake, and sip sherbet, or white brandy, at every house we went to, otherwise we should confer an affront upon our friend

o prevent the faithful from being seduced into drinking this insidious spirit. I shall just mention wha

e brandy, wine somets, or boiled juice of the grape, or sherbet. In many of the houses, they give n

nd all manner of precious stones; for the daughters of Israel are, as on bridal days, all begemmed, bejewelled, and diamonded, stuck over with gems as thick as stars "seen in th

in the house, or household furn

-book, or at the tip of your tongue, a good ass

our neighbours, or the party you have just lef

and down stairs, getting up and sitting down from morning to night, during these three mortal days. It will be seen then, that these Passover and Tabernacle visits are tremendous aff

er, standing and pleading between the Sultan and her nation. This lady is the only native woman in the country, Mooress or Jewess, who has tact or courage enough to go and speak to the Emperor, and state her request with an unfaltering voice beneath the awful shadow of the Shereefian presence! Madame Bousac acc

. All the ladies, wives or concubines of the Emperor, wait

tea, is said to be the highest honour conferred o

alike, except the four wives, who dress a little more in the style of Sultanas. I am sorry to be obliged to disabuse the reader of the romance and oriental colouring attached to ou

half a dollar a day, but these have but twopence, or at least fourpence. Muley Abd Errahman even traffics in his beauties, and will now and then make a present of one to a governor, in con

acy. She is anything but a beauty, according to our ideas, being of a dark complexion, of middle height, of large and powerful muscular proportions, very upright, as if bending backwards, an

er affairs, telling us the Emperor had not yet advanced to her husband the loan of 10,000 dollars as promised, nor did she expect it, for she knew his avarice. "Rather would he sell one of his Sultanas." But he ha

arious subjects. First of slavery. "It is unlawful to steal blacks, the Mosaic law denouncing such theft with the punishment

ict upon their Mahometan oppressors, who had kept them in chains for a series of ages. He remarked, however

nder-tone; "It's all gone," (the rest of the wine is spoiled). Among these extremely superstitious Barbary rabbies, it is a pollu

to wait some time before they can eat butter, or drink milk; in fact, their superstitions are numberless. The Rabbi read to us portions of the proverbs of Solomon, and told us Solomon was well acquainted with steam engines and railways, "On

OF V

ing to Xav

d rebel enough to decapitate or to imprison, on a pilgrimage to Mecca. Instead of expiating the sins of a buoyant pa

te Emperor

name by which the Moors, a

tercepted correspondence of the Emperor of Morocco, found at the Battl

ontract rust. This may be the reason of the Moors representing Spain and other E

ons of Mahomet that-"The worst of men is the seller of men"-was a powerful auxiliary. The perseverance of the Minister and his agents in Persia has been crowned with complete success; the Schah has issued a firma

oors the noble feeling of gratitude, conta

led Sultan; and, indeed, I imagine the jealousy of the reigning sovereign would never permit the use of such a name. But even in this count

n Voyage du Maroc,

s ducat is about half

a soft and kind disposition, bears fatigue with patience, and shows a serene and lively temper, totally different in that respect from the Moor, who is taciturn and sullen. Some of them have become men of prosperity and note, after having recovered their liberty. They are renowned for their fidelity, and form the most numer

the Levant, for the north of France, they sent steamers to the Straits, to be ready to tow t

same, and resign themselves to fate, i.e., make no effort to save themselves; the on

from communicating with one another. Anchored upon a rocky bottom, our anchors and cables broke, and the loss of them deprived us of resources which were indispensable in order to obtain our object. Some vessels had only one chain and one anchor. We could not think of maintaining ourselves before Mogador under sail. The violence of the currents and of the gale, would probably have carried us too far, and we should have lost the opportuni

hout saddle or bridle They were cel

aeni."-(?nai

ounted. Their saddles, with high backs, are as commodious as a chair. The large, broad, shovel-stirrups enable the rider to stand upright as on terra firma, whilst the sharp iron edges of the stirrups goring the ribs of the poor ani

steed to meet t

th his own, his

ams, he paws the

me his swelling n

s when crossing the Desert, during which time they will only receive a small measure of corn or a few dates. On the coast, they are driven hard a long day, sweating, and covered with foa

rit of these stallion barbs, otherwise they would be unmanageable. When turned out to grass, they soon become wild. Crossing a field one day, mounted, I was set upon by a troop of these wild, grazing h

(for the Moors consider it a crime to geld so noble an animal), the fiercest and most terrific battles ensue on a stud breaking loose from their pickets. These battles are a

hey adopted on settling in Morocco, the celebrated Sidi-Bokhari, commentator on the Koran, and a nat

is frequently enfo

e sweet tea all day long, as the Affghans gulp down

ror must have some European merchants connected with these Jews to maintain the commercial relations of his country wit

endix at end

freely resorted to for forcing confessions of hidden wealth. The victim is put in a slow oven, or kept standing for weeks in a wooden dress; splinters are forced between the flesh and the nail of the fingers; two fierc

ch a manner as to be able to reach him with his claws, unless he held himself in a most unnatural position." This reads very much like a description of the torments of the Inquisition. The Moors may have imported this system of torture from Spain. Similar barbarities w

sty the Emperor of Morocco

lease you

tion of your Majesty towards our Sovereign Queen and Government, and being informed likewise, that your Majesty, in diplomatic relations with other Foreign Princes and States, has universally manifested the greatest desire to preserve

d principally of this class of your faithful subjects,) and exhibiting under suffering and oppression the greatest patience and fortitude, yet, during the long cour

uman race, and in order that you may be graciously pleased to remove the chain of bondage from off these unfortunate victims of the viole

minions upon a footing of equality with the rest of your faithful subjects, and to make them free men, ha

permitted man to have property in his fellow man, which reduces them to the level of brutes; therefore, to make slaves of our fellows, our brothe

as reasonable beings, because it hardens our own hearts and makes us cruel towards our fellows, whom we ought to treat with kindness and compassion, and because it deforms God's creatures, in whom we ought to revere his spiritual likeness, man being made after the likeness of God, in possessing a spiritual rea

From our hearts we believe that your Majesty will find such a spontaneous act of compassion towards the desolate African Slaves to be the wisest worldly policy, and most agreeable to the will of the Eternal Creator of us all. Your loyal subjects will love the go

ehalf of the Society in

Slave Trade thro

HOMAS CLARK

vizier is often the author

y the people as Seedna, "Our Lord," and depa

n principle of theft developing itse

n our print copy, the text

; I very much doubt if there be any truth in it. None of the slave-dealers of the Deser

is supposed to be derived from Mu

aves, and see that they were well fed and well clothed. But

s. In many, but little feeling is shewn for the poor blacks; and they seemed to think less of their own fate than I did, who was merely a looker-on. One poor creature, however, who was a finer woman, and less black than the rest, shed tears. I could have given her my dagger to have plunged it in the breast of the villain who was examining her. And yet these people pray four times a day, and think themselves superior to all God's creatures! More than ever do I wish to get away from, this den of hell-hounds. Each of the grown persons was in th

araoh, to Solomon, or even to Nimrod, as caprice leads them, believing that these three or four personages created all the wondrous and monstrous things in the world. But we have an instance

Wadnoun, would greatly injure the trade of Mogador, and, therefore, the Consuls, as well as the

ortuguese queen called Nounah; but his editor says the name is properly Nul, was so

is way, than to render him efficient aid. Mr. Hay's son (which is very natural) attempts to exculpate his father in an appendix to his "Western Barbary," and some will, perhaps, think he has done so successfully. My experience of the diplomatic skill of the late Consul, does not permit me to coincide with this favourable op

cted to empty four, if not six. Of course, they get beastly intoxicated

or this Prince, that they deem themselves happy whenever one; of their daughters is admitted to share his couch." On the other hand, many of the beauties presented by the Sultan

e as much "fuss" made of the child as if it had been a son, to spite the prejudices of his brethren. So, when he went out for a walk with his wife,

and relocated to the end of the work. In footnote 35, the spellings Nouna and N