Practical Bookbinding

g the

t to suit the boards in height. When cloth only is used for the cover, the cloth is cut 2 to 2-1/2 cm. longer and about 4 cm. wider than the packing. The width of the back depends upon the question of cost or other consideration. In whole-cloth bindings the cloth is, of course, cut in one piece and 1 to 1-1/2 cm. larger all round than the boards and back taken together. Gl

t and left at side of it, leaving, however, as much space between as is required by the joint and the thickness of the boards.

tail after the boards have been laid on, and the

e of the table, and with the thumbs the cover is pressed over the edges of the

way, but in this case the corners must be first

ners cut fo

much as the thickness of the board remains. Thick boards h

ners: Right

ittle with the folder, without, however, making an oblique fold; there should rather be a hollow round t

on the edge of the board. On the other hand, it looks bad if the edges have been

ith the folder. When cloth has once been glued it must not be allowed to lie lo

rying has to be done in a hurry may they be hung on stretched cords. The

t is to say, the parts to be turned in where it i

with Offenbach

d the most generally used are the Offenbach and the Berlin, both very much alike except for

ion to those generally used with a cutting motion; but even these a skilful worker will be ab

is set in a frame under which there is a bar to hold it against the edge of the table so that it doe

n, though very few bookbinders pay any heed to this. With many leathers it is a very difficult matter to pare against the grain, especially pig-skin and cow-hide. One may generally take it that a leather pares best in the direction in which it stretc

g proceeds from left to right, the left hand at the same time helping to push the knife. The Berlin make pares from right to left; here the blade is held almos

aring all thick leathers or large surfaces it surpasses all other makes in execution. To make the leather more workable for paring it is previously manipulated, that is t

ing with Fr

s. The latter leather is narrowly pared about 2 to 3 mm. wide along the edge for half as well as for whole bindings. Only the back is pared the whole width, ther

id upon the wrong side of the leather and its position marked out with the folder. The leather is pared about 1 cm. in width alo

over made in advance, and even those described by publ

n (unsplit sheep-skin), and split sheep-skin [or so-called skivers]. There is another goat-skin, not Levanted, sold and used under the name "bastard" leath

is pared just as much as is necessary, and also at the corners. The leather corners are cut slant-wi

e edges then pasted and turned in, the leather is rubbed down sharply in the joint, the back

er is slightly different. The two neighbouring edges are turned in. The leather or other material is cut off not quite so close as for

shears into pieces of this shape(a) or, better(b), placing them on the boards in such a way that the material projects a little over the corner of the board. First of all, the lappets of the top and bottom edges are turned in, the corners ni

lder and left smooth and sharp, but, on the other hand, the grain on the board side must be left uninjured. Insufficient paring of the corner

our and texture. On each side to be turned in the paper is cut 1 to 1-1/2 cm. larger than the surface of the board to be covered. The paper is cut along the back with the knife and rule. The corners are

corners may simply be cut off diagonally, and if there are many covers they

the sake of improved appearance and to prevent the drawing outwards. For every board a sheet of paper

any hand tooling, it is always done on the book when bound, for which no case is made in advance. Sim