Unwritten Literature of Hawaii / The Sacred Songs of the Hula

forth and return

and perfumes, the

e entered was tena

rn to the greenwo

Heart's desire,

t breath of the

u, retirement for

our heart to this t

wildwood a shri

the toils we have s

ie unblest in the

, the road 'bout Ha

e off with a rush

red by the shar

hat a Hawaiian poet has figu

-THE H

embraces. The satisfaction of these forfeits not infrequently called for liberties and concessions that could not be permitted on the spot or in public, but must wait the opportunity of seclusion. There were, no doubt, times when the conduct of the game was carried to such a pitch of license as to

a alii was permitted to join in the game; and kings and queens were not above participating in the pleasures of this sport. Once admitted to the hall or inclosure, all were peers and stood on an eq

is kilu so that it should travel with a sliding and at the same time a rotary motion across the matted floor and hit the wooden block which stood before the one of his choice on the side opposite. The men and the women took turns in playing. A successful hit entitled the player to claim a kiss from his opponent, a toll which was exacted at once. Success in winning ten points made one the victor in the game, and, accordi

of hospitality, to distinguished visitors of rank, thus more than maki

s hula, when performed by them, would be of more than usual grace and vivacity. When performed in the halau as a tabu dance, according to some, the olapa alone took part, and the number of dancers, never very large, was at times limite

s, each one seated behind his target-block. The tallykeeper of one side now makes the challenge. "This kilu," says he, "is a love token; the forfeit a kiss." An Apollo of the opposite side joyfully takes up the gauge. His tallykeeper introduces him by name. He plumes himself like a wild bird of gay feather, standing forth in the decorous finery of his rank, girded

s calls "the murderer," in protest against the treacherous assassination of Keoua, which took place at Kawaihae in Kamehameha's very presence--a high chiefess of his court named Kalola engaged in a love affair with a young man of rank named Ka'i-áma.

o gain sight of the woman of his infatuation the men at the paddles and the bristling throng on the central platform--the pola--of the craft, vanishing in the twiligh

e

léna 452 ka

la 453 ka pua

a iwi 454 a

ka maka o k

muú, 455 hooh

a Koola

ke'i,

na 456 ka mo

a, e kaule

o i hala a

a eloelo, e

ook

nsla

o

a bush in the w

to their work, a

to the earth

ds in the breeze t

as I look at th

dip and swing

witch shall fly

d at Pua-ke'i

k Laukóna begui

k the taste of j

in the hours

e own, let's dre

or one

s visual impression on seeing the canoe with its crowd of passengers and paddlers, in the misty li

g of a shrub under the weight of its leaves and flowers, a f

erated figure of speech, referring to the exerti

refers in a fine spirit of exaggeration

nd of sugar-cane which was prescribed a

aulele hou. To experien

ly the sarcastic remark, "Couldn't he eat his food and keep his mouth shut?" The lady herself took the same

e

ha 458 ka La ma

a ka pihe a

Unulau 460

-wahine 461 i

ioi 462 i ke

-makani 463 mai

i ke aloha,

wai-maka

no i ka uw

no ka hoa kam

nsla

o

gleams at the

his fill of sca

mpties his lun

i tosses the

ind wafts his fr

airs that ru

a mask--that's

tear makes our

is woe; I've s

ay with a boy-f

of specific names for the same wind, or for the local modifications that were inflicted upon it by the features of the landscape. One might almost say that every cape and headland imposed a

ed light-track, kala kalaihi, farrowing the ocean with glory, may be taken to be figur

kua. Literally a god, m

Unulau. A special na

e another name for the trade-wind, here repr

is represented as lashing the ocean at Lehua, thus pi

gress of winds, na hoa makani, have stirred up a commotion, even as a school of fish agit

screet exhibition of childish emotion. The mere display of emotion evinced

armament of retaliation. When she next treats of the affair it is with an added tou

e

a 464 i ka le

a na pua i

a la'i a k

a i ka ho

au-au'a ia

na ia he

ia mai lu

aloha, pe

ka uwe

ka hoa k

wale ke

nsla

o

'e through the

the flowers

the croak

f the aphro

oasts the pr

a creature

f from crown

kept sacred,

s common, weep

e way with a

t blubbers

oa. The full name of the place

name, La'i-a-ka-manu, that of a place near Kala'e. However that may

ends his kilu spinning on its course. If his play is successful and the kilu strikes the target on the other side at which he aims, t

l

ke kó'e

ka la, ko

ahe ka u

nsla

s the worm

; a hasty

down fall

nstinted measure; the enthusiasm reaches fever-point when some one makes himself the champion of the game by bring

In his confessedly imperfect list of the hulas he does not mention the hula kilu. This hula was, however, inc

e of return from Kauai to her sister's court at Kilauea. In this affair Lohiau and Wahineoma'o contended on the side of Hiiaka, while Pele-ula was assisted by her husband, Kou, and by other experts. But on this occasion the dice were

e

makani kuehu-kap

ku'i 468 o

i ka haka,

o o-e

i ka uhu ka'

ka Lae-o-

akua-ole 4

ka pali o

lo o

shortened to Lalau). A deep cliff-bound valley on the windward side of Kauai, accessib

to join together, to splice or piece out. The cliffs

oss a chasm or set up at an impassable place in a precipitous road

laau. The southwest point of Mo

Literally fatherless, perhaps m

nsla

o

the robe-strippi

ed beetling c

is taken away.

is cut of

e backed the u

the steeps of

stands father

s the pali

... you

auai, had snatched away from death the life of Lohiau and with incredible self-denial was escorting the rare youth to the arms of her sister, whose jealousy she knew to be quick as the lightning, her vengeance hot as the breath of the volcano, and now she saw this feath

er miraculous power she kept the game in her

e

ni ia Kan

ke ahi a ke

una i ke

a ilikai o Mak

e i ka ua

koe a Ka-w

li'u-lá

ka makemake

a no ka l

u me ka uah

lu, 478 noho pu

mehana ka hal

ka luna i

emake e ik

akemake e ike

noho ia Ha

, pale oe

kikala i ka

manao--noh

i ka i'a ku

a au a kala ia

our great gods of the Hawaiians, here repre

of a wind whose blowing was said to be f

ilikai ("skin of the sea") graphically depicts the calm of the region.

tle rain that was considered favor

a. A division of Waialua, here

her the words of the mele the pupils and the kumu would often gather about a fire, while the teache

:(return) Na

. A wind that dried up vegeta

n Kauai, sometimes visible on Oahu in cle

omantic region nestled, as the Hawaiians say, "

onahuanui range of mountains, a region of legend and romance, since the coming of the white man given over to the ravage and

e it was probably the kala, which word is found in the next line, though in a

e opposite bluffs that sentineled the bay. These rocks were said to repr

nsla

o

ts heaven w

me of the A'

e wind-clou

the waters ca

nt us a favo

all done o

wilight steals

urred, tramp

partner in h

ed as one in

y the Naulu

house warms a

w the heights

the sight

is the thou

tain retreat

from each o

make sport f

e solution?

a and feast

in the neig

to you and

y Ku and b

t that serve as a trellis about which the human sentiments entwine concern the duties of the fisherman, who is also a farmer; the school for the hula, in which the her

hu, where she supported a half-starved existence, striving to hold soul and body together by gathering the herbs of the fields, e

e

le i k

ke Akua

oli a

u la

a i ko

i ka waimak

e ka

nsla

o

ill heave

of the fa

e ground fro

utter st

d, revived,

st of tears

out togeth

undignified to express sym

THE HULA

the opportunity for the exhibition of this dance. It seems to have been an expression of pure sportiveness and mirth-making, and was therefore performed without sacrifice or religious ceremony. While the king, chiefs, and aialo--court

ny years ago; the occasion was the giving of a royal luau. There was no musical i

i, a

i ka'

485 o ka

a p

a i muli-

a momona

87 ke kap

ia

a ka

a, 488 kaoh

ka ai a

hoonu'u

'a a k

of the fowler, which was obtained from forest tr

rother by an interval. Muliwai is an interval of water, a stream. Wa'a, the last part of the above compound word, literally a canoe, is here used tropically to mean the tables, or the

that is found in ancient prayers to em

ect and act without the restraint usuall

nsla

med, she

rd is

gum of th

a great

rting th

east on kin

the tabu,

and By

he word o

free rei

the k

the king'

hen til

good ki

--THE H

t and join the informal pleasurings of the people. Imagine an assembly of men and women in the picturesque illumination given by flaring kukui torches, the men on one side, the women on the other. Husbands and wives, smothering the jealousy inst

rated staffs, ever and anon indicating with a touch of the wand persons of the opposite sex, who under the rules must pay the

l

a ka

le i ka la

kai a ke

uli ka Wai

e i k

na o Wai

a a ka ua

a i ke alo

a pili i

o ka La-

kini

ka mea

e hu

ahine 493 o

a o Kona. A day of Kona

Kai a ke Akua. Sea of

d which changed its direction after b

of a hill. In the translation the author h

a refreshing wind, often mentioned in Hawaiian

acing wind felt on the windward side of Molokai; used h

nsla

o

for a swe

or a Ko

m sea of

the win

magic

s to th

the wate

esome t

on the

m to lov

touches,

ches m

life from

alth to t

ow comes

ing, a

mph, K

e hero

--THE HU

e players engaged in a competitive game of top-spinning: The instrument of sport was made from the lower pointed half of an oval coconut shell, or from the corresponding part of a s

the bed for spinning his top. The naked hand, unaided by whip or string, was used to impart to the rude top a spinning motion and at the same time the necessary projectile force--a balancing of force

game of this sort, which the author's informant witnessed at Kahuku, Oahu, in 1844, one contest

l

, nei;

-oléi, h

u'u-hina-

ka, he-he

o Ka-iwi

akana i ka

a hale, ua

pahu a

ipo 498 i

ke aloha,

wai a Ka

ia Lima-hu

oe a lo

nei

hina-hina. A precipitous pl

iwi-ku'i. A high cliff ag

) Wai-opua. The name

one, was often affixed to the name of Lohiau, in token, no doubt,

orescent in its sparkle, in one of the arched caves of Haena, which is called th

li. The name of a beautiful v

nsla

o

and hum of

er and babe

of the waves

rision echoe

ffs of Ka

is stirred

arms with wo

drum-beat

lover, princ

like an oven

e in the lak

t the vale Li

and study th

must catch t

casion to have been the feast that was given in celebration of Lohiau's restoration to life and health through the persevering incantations of Hiiaka, Pele's beloved sister. The feast was also Lohiau's farewell to his friends a

-THE HU

akaua, 1883, when it filled an important place in the programme. Of the 262 hula performances listed for exhibition, some 30 were of the hula ku'i. This is perhaps the most democratic of the hulas, and from the date' of its introduction it sprang at once into public

thor resemble those of some Spanish dances. The rhythm is in

y pressed on the floor; the heel swings back and forth, describing an arc of some 30 or 40 degrees. 8. The left foot is set firmly in the last position, the body incli

figure A, 1, body inclining to the right. 2. The left foot performs the heel-waving motions, as above. 3. Hands in same position, right f

bows thrown well away from the body, the performer sways the pelvis and central axis of the tru

he ingenuity and fancy of performers have introduc

e, the smack of forbidden fruit, only added to its attractiveness. It became all the rage among dancing folk, attaining such a vogue as almost to cause a panic among the tribunes and censors of society. Even to one who cares nothing for the hula per se, save as it might be

guitar, the uku-lele, 501 the taro-patch fiddle,[501] or the mandolin; the piano al

s of old poetical compositions. The following mele was originally a namesong (mele-inoa). It was appropriated by the late Prin

e

i ke ko

ai, e, a

pua o ka

noho anu

au a o Po

kai a o

a hana a

e'e 504 a

ke kai

a mea ma'

ko'u li

awili m

ou nei k

hu'ihu'i

e i ke kum

ka lau ku

nei au a

lei a k

au nui

nani oi

ey seem to have been introduced into these islands by the Portuguese immigrants who have come in within the last twenty-five years. A

ms to have an erotic meaning, may perhaps be inferred from its literal rendering

Poli-ahu. A place or

s differed on the various islands and were multiplied almost without measure: as given in the mythical

that its oily nuts were used in making torches. Kukui, or tutui, is the name now applied to the tree, also to a torch or lamp. The Samoan language

nsla

o

, when borne

you and I

the center

n who shive

n the heigh

n enrobe

re the pranks

'e wind of

ow the ocea

ways the fas

is the last

ure of brine

a-thirst f

ld mounta

at the foot

e of the ku

ur love-flo

s a garlan

its color

hange its be

e

ai nei Pu

o ke au

oké áku

o ka Pa

mea ole

-kila, he

epa la i

akila i ka

apela la o

hoa ia la

aua i ka

elekele i k

ila Pua

aulana o

o ka Lehua

hiko no

lau-lii m

hoene i

nsla

o

s your conqu

Lily V

finds new h

Pacific's

are left str

art as

r tells u

unes wax

of Ai

e dear to

f the hyac

the Flo

the leh

th and emb

leafed fern a

e exhales fro

erally Flower of Victory. Now there is no flower, indigenous or imported, known by this name to the Hawaiians. It is an allegorical invention of the po

uilibrium, but finally concludes to cleave to the flowers of the soil, the lehua and t

-THE

f rhythmical utterance addressed to the ear, has given to this word in modern times a special meaning that covers the idea of song or of singing, thus mak

self and his companions with a pensive improvisation in the form of an oli. Or, sitting about the camp-fire of an evening, without the consolation of the social pipe or bowl, the people of the olden time would keep warm the fire of good-fellowship and cheer by the sing-song chanting of the oli, in which the extemporaneous bard recounted the events of the day and won the laughter and a

d it in her arms; the bard favored by royalty--the poet laureate--amused the idle moments of his chief with some witty improvisation; t

ith historic or mythologic subjects, is to be found almost wholly in the mood of the singer. In truth, the Hawaiians not unfrequently applied the term pule to compositions which we moderns

; it is more likely to be pitched to the key of lyric and unconventional delight, and, as it seems to the writer, more often than other forms attains a gratifying unity by reason

given come from Kauai, the island which most vividly has retained a memory of the so

h her wherever she went. In the indiscretion begotten of her ill-balanced state of mind she committed the mortal offense of entering the royal residence while thus encumbered, where was Kaahumanu, favorite wife of Kamehameha I. The king deta

l

a-makani o

hia e

ka la

há, ka ai o

n ka pu

oholo na ke

mai la i k

olo

lau maia me

a me ka mokila

o i ka wai

ua makani

ka lau M

hewa i ka ho

au me ka m

le la no

iho no i Mo'o-

lelo na ke

a waha ma

o ai la hoi

a ke

le 511 ai

ke ala me k

ua uku i

ewa

r on Kauai. This stream, tossed with waves driven up from the sea, represents

ands for the messengers of the king, whose instructi

'a. Literally canoe; sta

lusion to the bundle of her husband's bones which she carri

) Mo'o-mo'o-iki. A l

Lua-ai-ele. To carry a

nsla

o

eaten stre

nto waves f

are the leav

of the taro

e crop of

of kukui are

er sped b

he canoe

you d

she's off w

d-stained w

ift she brea

ke smoke--lost i

ind plucks a

istake--her bu

she falls

g the hillo

soul on the b

s wrung fr

by the ton

right, was

ter all wa

vagabond life

grom tears i

ayment of debt

uly, I'

HE WATE

mind the aspiration and conception that most nearly approximates to this is that embodied in the words placed at the head of this chapter. The Water of Kane. One finds suggestions and hints of this conception in many passages of Hawaiian song and story, somet

he mystical and imaginative features that mark the mythology of Polynesia; the island also which less than any o

le no

i, he

ku ana a

a ka wai

hikina

i Hae-h

ila ka W

ku ana

a ka Wai

u-lana-k

e opua i k

na ma Ni

ole mai

ila ka W

ku ana

hea ka Wa

a-hiwi, i k

wa, i ke

ila ka W

ku ana

hea ka Wa

ai, i k

lau, i ke

, 516 i ka

alewa

laila ka

ku ana

a ka Wai

na ka Wa

i, i ke

ao pan

lo-hua mea a

ila ka W

ku ana

a ka Wai

, i ka honua,

a Kane me K

una, he

mana, he

a no

the portal in the solid walls that supported the heave

ting on the surface of the ocean, the Hawaiians named the phenomenon Kau-lana-ka-la--the floating of the sun. Their fondness for personificati

ance of name-giving, applied to the bright clouds tha

l rock to the northwest of Kauai, though far below t

us cloud, or a halo, regarded as an omen

ng near the ground, or to a freshet-stream swollen with the red muddy water from the wash

ether Kanaloa complained of thirst. Kane thrust his staff into the pali near at hand, and out f

nsla

ater

y, a q

t to

the water

Easte

Sun comes in

the water

on I ask

the water

with the f

-forms rest on

their form

the base

the water

tion I p

s the wate

n mounta

ridge

valle

he rive

s the wate

tion I as

, is the wa

t sea, on

drivi

he heav

led-up mi

lood-red

ost-pale

the water

estion I

e is the wa

is the wa

heavenl

lack pil

black-bl

ttled sacred cl

the water

tion I a

s the wate

ground, in the

cts of Ka

ng of water

of magic

ter of

O give us

GENERAL

oundaries; followed no stream to its fountain head; gained no high point of vantage, from which to survey the whole. It was indeed outside the purpos

as the mo'o; a word that to the Hawaiian meant a nondescript reptile, which his imagination vaguely pictured, sometimes as a dragonlike monster belching fire like a chimera of mythology, or swimming the ocean like a sea-serpent, or multiplied into a manifold pestilential swarm infesting the wilderness, conceived of as gifted with superhuman powers and always as the malignant foe of mankind, Now the only Hawaiian representatives of the reptilian class wer

the mountain-walls that buttress off Tibet and the central plateaus of Asia from northern India. Again the Hawaiian word mele, which we have used so often in these chapters as to make it seem almost like a household word, corresponds in form, in sound, and in meaning to the Greek. [Greek: melos: ta melê], lyric poetry (Liddell and Scott). Ag

r of men and beasts that dwelt therein. Are its fruits good for food, or does the land we have explored bring forth only poisonous reptiles and th

om one and the same primeval mold; that, however far back one may travel, he will never come to a point where he can say this is "common or unclean;" so that he may without defilement

cal science, in domestic arts, in religion, in morals, in the raw material of literature, even in the finished a

period of centuries that would count back to the times of William the Conqueror or Charlemagne, with only such outfit of the world's goods as might survive a 3,000-mile voyage in frail canoes, reenforced by such flotsam of the world's metallic stores as the tides of ocean might chance to bring them--and, with such limited c

savage people, of nature-folk, with a mind purged

e average denizen of Christian lands. As to beliefs, how much more defensible were the superstitions of our own race two or three centuries ago, or of to-day, than those of the Hawaiians? How much less absurd and illogical were our notions of cosmogony, of natural history; how much less beneficent, humane, lovable the theology of the pagan Hawaiians than of our Christian ancestors a few centuries ago

mental attitude of the "savage," and especially of the Polynesian savage, the Hawaiian, toward the book of truth that was open to him in nature, it is always in order

crested billow after another of the heaving ocean rolls in and dashes upon the unyielding rocks of an iron-bound coast, which seems to say, "Hitherto shalt thou come and no farther," the low-minded heathen is merely thinking of the shellfish on the shore. As he looks up to the everlasting mountains, girt with clouds and capped wit

of admiration, awe, reverence, or whether their attitude was that of blank indifference and absorption in selfish things. But he utterly failed to penetrate the mystery, the "truth and poetry," of the Hawaiian mind and heart. Was it because he was tied to a false theology and a false theory of human nature? We are not called upon to answer this question. Let others say what was wrong in his standpoint. The object of this book is not c

the primitive and uncultured races of mankind in general, or for the Hawaiian in particular, yet it is no small satisfaction to be able to set in

iterature. Her poets never tired of depicting nature; sometimes, indeed, their art seems heaven-born. The mystery, beauty, and magnificence of the island world appealed profoundly to their

OS

study of vowel sounds and of accent. Each writ

or in La-ka; also a short sound like that of a in liable

f long a in fate, or

of Pé-le, or of mé-a, a thing; also the short sou

in i-li, skin, or in hí-la-hí-la, shame; also the short so

or as in the first syllable of Ló-no; also a short sound, which approximates to that some

hú-la, to dance; and a short sound approximati

acritical marks here employed are the acute accent for stressed syllables and the apostrophe between two vowels to indicate

elicate ear will not fail to detect a coalescence of at le

length, or height, or depth, or immensity, the Hawaiian had a way of prolonging the vo

ome compounded. This is illustrated in Wái-a-lú-a (geographical name), and wá-ha mouth. In the middle of a word, or after the first syllable, it almost always has the sound

e syllables there is, as a rule, an accent on the fourth and on the sixth syllables, counting back

inet; an assembly; a prayer or r

-ha-ái-na)

ble food; to eat; an event i

nce of)--the persons privile

ral tone of voice in reciting a mele, in contra

itions of which must be met before a novitiate can be admitted as a practit

-the land; a

chief; a person

will; affection; love

bodily motion used in t

rainbow; a waterfall in

ime; the world; a cl

kú-a)--an ances

the soporific root of the

ians sometimes called ka hoe a Mawi, Mawi's

ast of Kauai, the home of Lohiau, for whom Pe

us odoratissimus, Hillebrand). Its drupe was used in decor

sed in decorating the kuahu (Dra

a hall consecrated to the hula; a sort of scho

á-le)--

daily renewal of the offerings laid on the kuah

há-no)--having d

, strong fibrous bark, and mucilaginous f

logical character, the sam

ei-aú)--

--the youngest sist

first day in the month when the new moon appea

resembling a "Mother Hubbard," m

emove a tabu; to make ce

to inspire. (Verse 3, Pule Kuahu, p.

ompany who, as instrumentalists, remained s

-to cleanse ceremonia

-to dance, to make sport, to the

or animal food or whatever relish

ound in the wild woods, much used in d

la-mú-ku)--

x, Hillebrand) whose chrome-yellow flowers

dog; a variety

, made by lining a hole in the ground and archi

--a name. (Se

-a lover; a

or hoipoipo (ho-í-po-í-po)--to make lo

from them, as well as dishes of coconut shell, wood, and stone; the

ber nine; a large black sea-b

-Tahiti; any forei

o)--ancient; to

bottom and in some regard a priest, his special department being indicated by

salty. I-kai, to the oce

e skilled in language; a rhet

-child; the mythological swine-god, whose s

to the alii. Kanaka (ká-na-ka), men in general;

atory sacrifice; an intercession

r gods, represented as of a dark complexio

ur major gods, represented as being a tall b

s, made from the fibrous bark of many plants by

ula, sister of the poison-god, Kalai-pahoa,

bu; a religious proh

lk;" a district on

ing in a distinct and natural tone of vo

f kapa worn after the fa

thing; an image, a picture, a marion

)--the great active

mischievous, "little" folk in human form that peopled the deep woods. They resembled o

of a coconut or small gourd, which was used as a sort of

he causative prefix ho'o, as in ho'oko (ho'o-kó

nally a stone implement. (See mel

and honua, the earth; to recite or cantillate in a quiet distinct tone,

t or deputy who took charge of the halau

e plover; the name

chievous; restless; la

or storm; a district on the lee

ward side of an island; the name of a wind.

e four major gods who had many functions, such as Ku-pulupulu,

ic stand constructed in the halau

i-mo-á-na)--a shar

e; to beat; the name

m the nuts of which were made torches; a torch. (

la)--a teacher and

racelet; an anklet (

perhuman being; a won

ry; one of the forms of god Ku, propitia

onsecrated; h

or seven centuries ago and voyaged to Kahiki and

wicensis, Hillebrand) having fine-grained whitish

eranda; an open part of a h

e small island lyin

en or the heavens; a prince or

pha) whose beautiful scarlet or salmon-colored flower

i slightly)--a wreath of flowers, of le

ient king of Hawaii, th

f Haena, with whom Pele became

o)--the br

f the four major go

g young taro leaves; in modern time

division of a mele; a canto; a

war-cap, a style of hair-cutting

e; a variety of delicate kapa; the desquamation

yes; small, fine; the Pleiade

rn especially by men. (Verses

shark; a variety

untain. A word possi

poem; a song; to

me-song; a eulo

password by which one gained ad

; a dragon; a mytholo

women; a shift; a chemise; a person maimed

eeze at Waimea, Kauai. Ua naulu =

ally free; unrestrai

(Morinda citrifolia) whose

lley back of Honolulu t

flute; a variety of th

ows at high altitudes; to reach out; to

e lehua (q. v.), more generally the name of a frui

in the dance, as distinguished from the hoopaa, q. v., wh

; a lyric; to sing

i--Jo

; one who has passed the ailolo test a

the whale spade (p. 85); a blackbird, one of those that furnis

a support; the assistant

; a landmark; to thrust, sa

a mele; a division of the song servic

ll cut up with steep ravines. (Mele on p

of the earth's surface; a mytholo

ng from the waist to about the knees (p. 50). The dr

lcanoes generally, who held court at the crater of

ter mixed, perhaps, with turmeric, et

selected by the pupils in a school of the h

pig; the name of

hole, a doorway,

prayer; an incan

uffle; to cover the h

drum made from the coconut shell (p. 141);

mooth green leaves used for wrapping food and in decorat

landward or

flea; a sort of guitar in

first public performance of a hula

á'a)--

e)--a female; a

--w

owy water; the central mountain

N

ds, as such (except catc

KUPU: mel

ncess: song for the

mele for the h

ele for the hul

'alana: old mele se

style of re

graduation from the

ng o

ction

wa iluna: mele fo

I: a kanaen

ele for the hu

ele for the hul

pi'o: mele for th

my hands! lament of M

y the shark: song f

y to the smoke! song

ou: mele komo, welc

e: song with

R-PR

ion: Laka sits in

rvice: O god

: E ola ia'u, i

ow the four

art L

apo: Now Kane

I, O Laka from

This my

poil and rape o

le abode of

r foul weather: song fo

otion of lew

in Hawaii

Fragrant th

'u-la o Maná: mele f

hu: mele for th

: mele for the

mele for the h

the East: song for

of the sea: song fo

i: a bit of folk

ele for the

etheart: song for

ceremonial pu

by word-re

sea: song for t

ith the lehua: song for

the Hawaii

ure

ng

gods

main house-post: song

akani Inu-wai? mele f

lima! lament of Man

anó nui, e! mele fo

ke kae: mele oli in

AUCH of

ka lauwili, e: a prove

I'm hight: song fo

TTLE, the

r the feast: song-praye

of graded rank: song

ite of windy Ka-ú: son

e princess Ku: song

E: A pua ka wil

the wiliwil

imbing: song for t

piled: prayer to remove

wind of Hilo! old

m the pit: song fo

E IN M

SH HUL

come in: song of we

ANET

LEANSING in

R SPE

RING, illustrate

DRUM,

song for the hul

dwood, come: song

stripping gusts of Lalau:

AL GESTURE

f the hul

e recruiting ground

ula folk--were

editated affa

hulas ment

esented by

a hula pe

rformer: Ka nalu nui, a

the kuahu--the

t intermission: Doo

o pupils before gradua

ele recitation

dismissing prayer

hula girls: Ku

UM

ption

by La'a-mai

ULA, t

-ku: mele for t

mo maloko (mele komo):

e: mele apropos

Kini o ke Akua:

li'a: altar-pr

a mai uka: a

oracular uttera

manu, e: mele fo

le kuahu at a

: mele for th

: mele for th

REV. WI

on of the "hu

bout the "hur

ythmic accent in

mele for the hu

's abyss: song for

ohu: mele for

lihini: altar-praye

ele: mele for

hele: mele for the

he hula ki'i: O Wanahili

ltar-prayer to

with dirt: song fo

ke! mele for t

waiian lo

EXPRESS

nquests each day: son

LEGS in g

, Maka-lé

ptable for d

UTTERANCE in

pplication o

NCE on Hawaiia

SES of high Kane-

woman, Pele: song f

NTAIN RE

he hula al

usic V

OF KI

NA-ú (

L REVI

TUR

ing an ob

ting mov

d by conv

g to co

eti

ting a p

clothing or

nting d

union or si

the kumu

et and

E PA-ú: ti

SARY

i, oh! song for

O

Mauli-ola

, Lima-lo

of the Hawaiian

f the

UM, ipu-

TTLE, úl

N from th

acramen

onies

er: Oh wildwood b

elehele: altar-p

ka lua: mele for

LA

for the

of gradua

requir

iptio

rasted with that

ords

ion of it

uct while it

hip

i ka nini a ka

UMA'U (n

the hula.

the dance in the pou

u'u: song of cos

ic bird: song for t

HARP, the

love of

USICAL INS

C displaced b

IAN S

IAN S

nd rhythmic

terist

; rhyt

nterva

usic affected by p

ational hymn) w

: translation of

: mele for the hu

Hilo pour: song for t

: mele for the hul

ameha: song set

ina: mele for t

om the mountains: al

: mele for the

ninau: mele

IA

hing pl

ontest with

s of th

ka La, e! mele fo

ua o Hilo: mele for

EXPLA

olo a ka ino: mele for

o: mele for the

a ka makani: mele for

por puffs: song fo

ELEHE-

ion of the hula

Waialua i ka hau: mele

l maimed of hand and f

rne by the tide: song

th music X: He al

LA

ration

ission

nd organi

A'A-PAP

ous serv

organizat

's cos

tic sid

, by Rev.

ONANá,

I-íLI,

LIO, T

EKEEKE,

KA-LA

erformance

ve chant

IELEI,

KI'I,

ILU, T

OLANI,

OLEA,

OLILI,

I MOLOKA

U'I, T

UóLO,

ANó, T

'UMU'U,

AU-KANI

HELO,

OHE,

-NIU,

A-HUA,

AHU, T

A-IPU,

I-UMAUMA

NI, THE (

ELE, T

luenced by instrument

PERFO

ses

bu

siq

UA'A,

UILI,

LA

sh hul

lo's lis

t hu

s o

dignity a

and names of

S--their

LILI,

I-ULí,

cription of, by Rev

ka wai: mele for

ear of Kane: song fo

ical Hawa

'

ng utteranc

l repeti

pualei: mele pule f

I: mele to Ka

Makani Ka-u: mele f

castan

ords of, in

: song for th

SION OF

ing flame-bird of La'a:

o come in, b

e Four Thousand:

aka'alana: name-son

gourd dr

ula pa-ipu and in

ith disdain: song for

as come: song for

A: song for the

mirage of Maná: song

usical bamb

i ka m

a makani: mele for t

d-driven smoke: song fo

wa: mele for the hu

mai: mele apropos o

u na kiképa: t

ma ke kua o Lehua: mel

name: song for the

ka makani: mele fo

WA'A (n

, his rela

po

e,

song and m

II, song co

ALII (no

: A ke kuahiwi,

ee Gods of

with a blush: song

a nalu mai Kona: na

áma ia luna: altar-pra

with awa: song f

AWA DEB

Gods of

PO

d relations

with Kam

s of th

teristics of

loli ka moku: mele fo

hana wa ele: mele for

-manu o La'a: passw

Lanakila: mele for

ocean as a wreat

with the ocean: song of

Wai-aleale: mele fo

a-pahe'e: mele for

akani o Wailu

rer who turned

of wild wood: song for

lies in the calm: song f

Akua la i uka: mele f

AW

y personaliti

of dawn: old s

a o Kaula i

na-mana-ia

h-son

na la: mele for

-KI'

: mele for the

, THE H

ame and a

of Hiiaka wit

the music and dancin

WASH-

UA, THE

style of rec

mele oli for th

: mele for the

a i ka la'i: mele fo

E, not a rig

, THE

ka makani mawaho: mele

a nahele: mele for

MARION

mele for the

u hale: mele for

i moe ípo: dismissing pr

i ka moana: girl'

KAHIKI

position op

, myth (

a'i, e: mele kahea, pa

ei la, auwe, auwe! mele

lehua, la: mele fo

. See Gods

Gods of

kuehu kapa o Kalalau: m

MAI-K

on with the

he drum, or

xyloph

KA

od her specia

ry pray

f the Pele

of the

the gods of cl

ion or

nd appella

od of wildwo

god of t

us K

ng her

r shady grove:

MANA-MANA-

maimed are m

, mo' ku'u

ke kai o Kona: mele f

tint, the Kona sea: son

e lima-lima ole, wawae

-lifting prayer a

ANI a luna: a

he bird-cage: song

ANI on high:

E: song with

od of mirag

TRANSLATION ve

F KUAHU n

u mele kahea: pass

rried with love: pas

cult

s of th

look forth: song f

othed with ocean-mist: son

upland Puna: song apr

my choice: song prayer

rain: song for t

eet thee: song, "Cold b

he grove: song for t

shafts of the wind: song

e wind-beaten st

TTERANC

LE, division

ne, o Pele: mele f

-LAU-

-PAKA

A-K

ythical fish-

the Pleiad

of love: song for

e aloha: mele for

ani: mele for t

ETTE H

USED in th

god of heal

LE

pos

-shell: Kahuli a

we ula-i-ka-

opono ka hele i

ormer: Ka nalu nui, a

: Ua ona o Ka

He ú-i, he

th

ala'a

a, i Pueo-

wau, ike

, ki'i ka u

i ka wa'a

mea ipo i

i ka ihe a

aina kai Waia

a, kau o ka

Keaau i ka

le-kai, no k

au, lulu

ná: A pili

A lalo maua

: Ku e, n

kaeke

akua

, auwahi k

ka-

ua i kala i

aua, he

piliki'i Hanale

a k

i hale ma

e kau

e kau

hi, ke

li eku i ka

ka luna

a k

ha ka La ma ke

makani kuehu-k

e i ka

léna ka uka

a i ka lepo a

ani ia K

i: He wa l

: Kolea ka

a k

ke ko a

i nei Pua

u'i Mo

kai olo

no ka

! pau au i ka m

'u: Pi'i an

: E pi'i ka wa

E pi' i ka

o'u wahi ohelo nei

Ke pohá nei,

a p

Kuki'i au,

ke anu Wai

liwai a ka ua

Pa au i ka

pa-

ele ka li'u

a uahi o

i lea h

a Lani, ilol

a iwa kal

aú, lele ka ma

noni ula ke

a kai ula

ia, e ka lau

ahiki,

a'i-um

e, hoolulu

no la,

na waiu

a P

a ke olew

mao ka

e Kahik

una i k

'a la i ka

-wahine, Mak

ke Akua la

ua ka pou

ka Wahine

a e, ka

la ko'u

pui

hiki mai k

'i wai ke

: Ki'i na

úli

mana'

, e ka Makani

oa

n and crit

no words of

alled "the king

lu nui, a ku ka

la, start

sword to t

-kia ahi-ma

mauna i ka

'u aloh

come to t

o makou i ma

kanaka e ko

altar-p

aka,

ka i ka ulu

g: Aala kupukupu k

hoi ka wahine limal

a: Ke lei mai la o Ka

l

pua'a: Ko'i

ilu: A uweuwe ke

to m

ke aloha i

Waipi'o Pa

ha wale

nalei i ka ni

waii po

oha wau

ponaha iho

líke no

a Kaukini, he law

Hawaiian

plucked from Love's tre

C GEST

WS about the

in the wilds of Kapa'a

ustrated by

INSTRU

n a hula pe

aekee

u-la-

ukek

L SELE

f the nose

the nose-

é as played b

m the hula p

om the hul

rom the hu

le from the hul

noa no Kam

i anuanu: Alo

, Hua-h

g, Ka M

, Líke no

ng, Pili

ational Hymn, H

Y, Hawaiian--th

HE HAWAIIA

enc

sing

thm

eign infl

execut

KUMU-KAHI

ARK, Papi'o

MEHA: In Waipio sta

roller, roller that

HYMN of

latio

usic X

game (

a musical i

ogical charac

-AUM

ka ulu wehiwehi:

ale kai, e

he hula al

th musi

LUTE 1

from,

, by Jenni

inoa: mele for

ance in accord: song

umine the altar: altar-p

to its goal: song in

illustrated

i ka lepo: mele fo

LAKA! alta

the nose-flute

i a ka wa i ka lani: me

la! song for

D BOUQUET,

g prayer at

prayer at in

noa: mele for th

a ke ao: song wi

NI: old mele apropo

altar-praye

ion of hula pe

SEA

hou wind of H

pa mai (

the red blush o

Ná, secr

ND ME

line be

ala'a-papa,

mai la o Kaula

kua pa-ú, ah

THE 2

Ka wai opua-mak

I: Halau Hanalei i

famous ki

ut to thee: song

TH PERFO

lau o ke aloha: mele

akua: mele for

CE of Kapihe: E

N of a hula

ian language--influence

HE DAWN: song wi

a ia Manu'a: mele f

Kane: mele for th

the dr

Waiakea: mele for

ai: old sea

hical shark

GING in

present

nt times

D TO TH

the darting flam

ave I tarrie

the mountai

Ká, THE (

the pa-ú, garment t

he hula

awaiian speech, mu

LE

f, with Kam

y of

limb to Hanalei woods: so

G in mu

f hula per

mele for the h

a, ke, ke: mele f

's dome, Kukulu o

G THE T

lustrated by

HE, Makali'

ncient Hawa

ONE: song for

g with music IX:

to Laka: In the fore

ntermission: Ku ka makai

art's-ease: song for th

YING: Unstabl

a whis

uka o Kapa'a: mele f

UA-K

bamboo

musical ins

HOO

rcises: Pupu we'u

sion: Lehua

u we'uwe'u e

KUA

na i Kini

e Laka m

: E ola ia'u, i

Kane hiki a'e, h

ia ke kuko

ki pu a ka

: O Lak

: E ulu, e ulu,

-long in the storm: son

Y SHOW and th

coconut

U--dispensation be

LENA, a fam

U E, Laka e!

aduat

ermiss

N of the hu

te for th

the nose-

in the hula

the wind-blown dust: so

MENT, the n

awaiian poetr

in Hawaii

NTING in the h

o the refuge: son

awaiian mus

IES controlling

during the buil

welo, a sorce

s limed: song for t

TIMES--testimony of

the hula,

ng the Ha

ian attitud

o Hawai

NG

oe: Look to your wa

first

by Kameha

ions

um, for th

the whole night

Kane is drunk

th

ala'a

y, time for f

etreat and root

white tro

c fetch a H

ong strip of

, Waiakea lies

a, land clothed

play in t

imea with shaft

dle night-long

lau I met wi

She is limed,

twain were lodge

forth, god Ku,

e: It was in

and of wind-d

Kalakaua, a

iles o'er K

s, steep is the clim

a k

ip now the

r the

hi, la,

o a dar

n walls of

is a-dry,

a k

he robe-stripping

n heaven's

s heaven wit

bush in the wil

through the win

gleams at the b

Lo, the rain,

lover at the fu

a k

your conques

when borne b

u'i Mo

for the p

gift of hea

am seized by the sh

Black crabs a

p to the streams

up to the wil

d, thou art touche

rustle and hum o

a p

in Kiki'i, in

orme

Hilo, flood-gat

tands haught

m smitten with s

pa-

from the pit lift

(far) to

the sea str

ld is the Pr

on is fed

is Kahik

hase the mir

hua and no

u, leaf plucked f

heavy to nest

a'i-um

dezvoused wit

ow, Ma

with pendulou

a P

s no stay to

nds the main

he board for

that sprite of

came the wom

in of vapo

the god of

god's ax up th

lifted i

music

btless, th

of broadest edg

pui

me, it ha

ch water o

search for a

úli

thought with

thou, thirs

pa'i-umauma-

: Now wriggles the

osmo

e gods of graded

papa nu'u

ed is the girl maime

: Kaúla wreathes her b

ll: Trill afar,

alau: What love to

e: This question

mus

ll for the dance in

aii's ve

i'o stands Pa

compels to g

e goes out

reads now t

O love, to t

ain drums loud

of hula

UNTAIN in calm: pas

T and rhythm

RGANIZATION o

in controlling

intermission: Oh wildw

Hawaiia

a's sea whet my joy: son

r that surges from Kon

nest in the brush: song

of Kalalau: song fo

s red o'er the oc

, la, la! song fo

spinning top: song f

t the hack of Lehua: so

TREAM of Wailua:

up the mountain: song

urning desire: alt

s query: song, The

of the wildwood: alt

ood-gate of heaven: son

A: altar-pra

AKA: altar-prayer

NG S

u'ilani

u'ilani,

tands red o'e

lous breasts: song for

in ether: song fo

ALS in Hawa

hed by my gesture: son

teralism in, ve

l a-near: song of

with the rain: song fo

ka awa: mele f

Hawaiia

c of

ch fiddle, used in th

epo a ka makani: mele

analoa: mele for

usical instr

RITY, illustrat

ION of Hawai

TITION in

ughty and cold: song

ht with Manu'a: (epithalamiu

E, THE: a so

! mele for the

LAU: Call, to the

in Waipi'o: song fo

age homes! song of we

rsty Wind? song for

ILIWILI: a bit of

loud on the leaf: so

TITION in

ssona

IN THE

th worship in

EMBLEM of go

la wears the oce

NE, the

this name: song fo