The Zincali: An Account of the Gypsies of Spain

irers in Spain, individuals who have taken pleasure in their phraseology, pronun

he capital of the province, where, in the barrio or Faubourg of Triana, a large Gitano colon has long flourished, with the denizens of which it is at all times

nd song, and sensual amusements. They live under the most glorious sun and benign heaven in Europe, and their country is by nature rich and fertile, yet in no province of Spain is there more b

gger, and smoke continually, to dance passably, and to strum the guitar. They are fond of obscenity and what they term PICARDIAS. Amongst them learning is at a terrible discount, Greek, Latin, or any of the languages generally termed learned, being considered in any light but accomplishments, bu

up many words in the fairs and market-places which the former frequent. It has, however, been cultivated to a greater degree by other individuals, who have sought the society of the G

was, as is well known, in possession of a celebrated breed of horses, which fed in the pastures of the convent, and from which they derived no inconsiderable part of their revenue. These reverend gentlemen seem to have been much better versed in the points

their demands. On arriving at the gate, he sang to the friar who opened it a couplet which he had composed in the Gypsy tongue, in which he stated the highest price which he was authorised to give for the ani

t became so notorious that he fell under the censure of the Inquisition, before which he was summoned; whereupon he alleged, in his defence, that his sole motive for following the Gitanos was zeal for their spiritual conversion. Whether this plea availed him we know not; but it is probable that the Holy Office d

hese individuals to attempt such compositions; the only probable one seems to have been a desire to display to each other their skill in the language of their predilection. It is right, however, to observe, that most of these compositions, with respect to language, are highly absurd, the greatest liberties being taken with the words picked up amongst the Gitanos, of the true meaning of which the writers, in many instances, seem to have been entirely ignorant. Fr

y youth a manuscript copy of the compilation of Luis Lobo had fallen into his hands. This book had so taken hold of his imagination, that he studied it night and day until he had planted it in his memory from beginning to end; but in so doing, his brain, like that of the hero of Cervantes, had become dry and heated, so that he was unfitted for any serious or useful occupation. After the death of his parents he wandered about the streets in great distress, until at last he fell into the hands of certain toreros, or bull-fighters, who kept him about them, in order that he might repeat to them the songs of the AFICION. They subsequently carried him to Madrid, where, however, they soon deserted him after he had experienced much brutality from their hands. He returned to Seville, an

in Seville in the year 1800. These and some songs of less consequence, constitute the poetical part of the compilation in

UGE (65) A POEM: IN T

ar and te

pen to wr

tter man

aven's Re

deign to

humbly be

poorly d

subject

is my wi

st in stre

avy sin

view the

down so

ok of tim

nward, no

me of Chr

other tru

es the wret

, and all

te - how G

oah thus

th the w

k by thee

rld is los

ou hast bui

aim what n

pent ye, fo

d doth hol

Noah thus

epent ye o

rld with g

vileness

mandate

sent me

world to b

el suffer

ths with f

atriarch b

governs e

convent n

monk abr

sing i

tell how

e, a vap

many a dre

ighty fea

the thun

die my

the world

rkness thic

n can sc

ars which

me with gr

task I mu

rposed to

ear upon

thousand d

awful how

ime and now

cence, we

a glorio

orror tu

use and tu

ose their l

ses, scream

s, the brick

d bury al

t the wors

louds beg

water more

the world

sing day

errible

their cri

other dea

me of grac

lmighty i

hand uprai

time of ma

y, despair

hither sha

anger thr

ear on ev

th, that's

housands i

scape the d

ope exist

ater down d

ittle a cr

t its hold

use, and s

g, nor sto

erpent an

arest high

antula

ll and cr

wing wher

ifling wa

at and ble

l with bell

with squea

mounted on

ag, and se

ther fon

er-beast,

are stri

by her li

re how swi

e and sh

le with bra

abbit and

r stones

runting ho

they stop t

ummit of

led stand

cond part

what the

THE S

st did bi

d the wor

the Delu

og and how

lizard an

oles and co

bled on t

en appear

wings benea

allow, was

sparrow,

crow of ca

pigeon ar

raven fi

beetle an

n the hu

ind no res

ld's terres

ater cove

sink to ri

ather let

e ark-ship

erything

e admiss

nds a sin

embers sa

use he do

ce he shut

therein h

eps them sa

ountain's

aging wat

twenty day

he eleme

wn the ar

evil thing

rief it

on the en

ses pale

s! than I

f, what gri

k the world

anty few

ot of lif

hen the Lo

procrea

ld entir

ople and

Maker who

mbly beg

ern times

lives ye

at'ry pu

vier shal

essed sain

atter worl

ndous fi

ashes s

rk I now

ues its dr

wilder'd t

ercy res

f a mor

osed a wi

beacon

ntle dov

ld to seek

o short h

with eyes

ak an oli

ud and mi

: 'The world

tain nigh

re themselve

swiftly o

ervent than

eling to

r way a c

oman, han

populate

orish reg

ther tw

untry of

anner wen

eeds of n

ye'll cr

ther, high

tale in sa

ord to t

of vengea

and hum

ssion now

that in

yptian un

Virgin M

e, her err

grace in

ess. Ame

PEST

lved now

eech of G

horror t

ity huge

hteenth hu

dst of su

man diss

hand on hi

igour mo

well might

trict acco

es and act

event to r

en I take

read eve

world reform'

n in grea

unishment

ought of G

utterl

th itself

to the p

orial lin

pt's tongu

ets you wan

l'd with fea

dying a

eches' do

tavern

e on win

ckly asp

t such sights

oe where'e

oe and gha

st their

ople pace

pardon G

ud with str

rts of var

corses, h

in their b

rief it

ar or pri

ity huge

GUAGE OF T

e most indubitable proof of the traduction of nations, and the genealogy of mankind; they add often physical certainty to his

ted particular attention; but a desire far more noble and laudable than mere antiquarian curiosity has given rise to it, namely, the desire of propagating the glory of Christ amongst those who know Him not, and of saving souls from the jaws of the infernal wolf. It is, however, with the Gypsies of Spain, and not with those of England and other countries, that we are now occupied, and we shall merely mention the latter so far as they may serve to elucidate the case of the Gitanos, their brethren by blood and language. Spain for many centuries has been the country of error; she has mistaken stern and savage tyranny for rational government; base, low, and grovelling superstition for clear, bright, and soul-ennobling religion; sordid cheating she has considered as the path to riches; vexatious persecution as the path to power; and the consequence has been, that she is now poor and powerless, a pagan amongst the pagans, with a dozen kings, and with none. Can we be surprised, therefore, that, mistaken in policy, religion, and moral conduct, she should have fallen into error on points so naturally dark and mysterious as the history and origin of those remarkable people whom for the last four hundred years she has supported under the name of Gitanos? The idea entertained at the present day in Spain respecting this race is, that they are the descendants of the Moriscos who remained in Spain, wandering a

led language, - its laws, structure, and vocabulary being sufficiently well known by means of numerous elementary works, adapted to facilitate its study. It has been considered by famous philologists as the mother not only of all the languages of Asia, but of all others in the world. So wild and preposterous an idea, however, only serves to prove that a devotion to philology, whose principal object should be the expansion of the mind by the various treasures of learning and wisdom which it can unlock, sometimes only tends to its bewilderment, by causing it to embrace shadows for reality. The most that can be allowed, in reason, to the Sanscrit is that it is the mother of a certain class or family of languages, for example, those spoken in Hindustan, with which most of the European, whether of the Sclavonian, Gothic, or Celtic stock, have some connection. True it is that in this case we know not how to dispose of the ancient Zend, the mother of the modern Persian, the language in which were written those writings gener

found embedded within it, whether it be spoken in Spain or Germany, in England or Italy; from which circumstance we are led to the conclusion, that these people, in their way from the East, travelled in one large compact body, and that their route lay through some region where the Sclavonian language, or a dialect thereof, was spoken. This region I have no hesitation in asserting to have been Bulgaria, where they probably tarried for a considerable period, as nomad herdsmen, and where numbers of them are still to be found at the present day. Besides the many

ESTUDIOSO CORTESANO, written by Lorenzo Palmireno: this learned and highly extraordinary individual was by birth a Valencian, and died about 1580; he was professor at various universities - of rhetoric at Valencia, of Greek at Zaragossa, where he gave lectures, in which he explained the verses of Home

lead the life of penitents, but of dogs and thieves. A learned person, in the year 1540, prevailed with them, by dint of much persuasion, to show him the king's letter, and he gathered from it that the time of their penance was already expired; he spoke to them in the Egyptian tongue; they said, however, as it was a long time since their departure from Egypt, they

alloy in the Gypsy language, wherever spoken, of modern Persian words, which circumstance will compel us to offer

country, from the time of Alexander, had enjoyed repose from external aggression, had been ruled by its native princes, and been permitted by Providence to exercise, without control or reproof, the degrading superstitions, and the unnatural and bloody rites of a religion at the formation of which the fiends of cruelty and lust seem to have presided; but reckoning was now about to be demanded of the accursed ministers of this system for the pain, torture, and misery which they had been instrumental in inflicting on their countrymen for the gratification of the

nnot be reprod

grim, whose

found when he

tain, though not lords of the ascendant, speedily became widely extended in these regions, where it had previously been unknown. As the language of the court, it was of course studied and acquired by all those natives whose wealth, rank, and influence necessarily brought them into connection with the ruling powers; and as the language of the camp, it was carried into every part of the country where the duties of the soldiery sooner or later conducted them; the result of which relations between the conquerors and conquered was the adoption into the popula

ommany originally constituted part of the natives of Multan or Guzerat, and abandoned their native land to escape from the torch and sword of Tamerlane and his Mongols, as Grellmann and others have supposed, or whether, as is much more probable, they were a thievish caste, like some others still to be found in Hindustan, who fled westward,

sian. Sans

tvar 5 Pansch Pansch Pantscha 6 Tschov Schesche Schasda 7 Efta He

de these preliminary remarks, which we deemed necessary for the elucidation of the subject, we now hasten to speak of the Gitano language as used in Spain, and to determine, by its evidence (and we again repeat, that the language is the only criterion by which the question can be determined), how far the Gitanos of Spain are entitled

relics of the Arabic or Moorish tongue once spoken in Spain, which they have inherited from their Moorish ancestors. Now it is well known, that the Moorish of Spain was the same tongue as that spoken at present by the Moors of Barbary, from which country Spain was invaded by the Arabs, and to which they again retired when unable to maintain their ground against the armies of the Christians. We will,

n Spanis

Gitano.

ba 5 Pansch Pansche Khamsa 6 Tschov Job. Zoi Seta 7 Efta Hefta Sebea 8

first disposed to wonder that a considerable portion of these words are not to be discovered in every dialect of the Gypsy tongue, since the Persian has lent it so much of its vocabulary. Yet such is by no means the case, as it is very uncommon, in any one of these dialects, to discover words derived from the Arabic. Perhaps, however, the following consideration will help to solve this point. The Gitanos, even before they left India, were probably much the same rude, thievish, and ignorant people as they are at the present day. Now the words adopted by the Persian from the Arabic, and which it subsequently introduced into the dialects of India, are sounds representing objects and ideas with which such a people as the Gitanos could necessarily be but scantily acquainted, a people whose circle of ideas only embraces physical objects, and who never commune with their own minds, nor exert them but in devising low and vulgar schemes of pillage and deceit. Whatever is visible and common

mparison of words in

n Spanis

2) Gitan

alos Coc

rjus Fo

es Chib

Piava Piy

n Can

kh Aqu

Por Poru

ag Yaq

czo Mac

Piro, p

kai Sona

aro Bar

ala Ba

on. Wo

chero J

Ker Qu

Rom Ro

Molnija

Camaba Cam

usch Ma

ud Chu

n Bar B

Mui

Nao N

Rat Ra

kh Naqu

ro Pur

al La

Lon L

awa Gilya

m Can

chor Cho

u Tucu

schib Ch

Dant D

cht Caste

Pani P

rbar Ba

the Gitanos of Spain are the descendants of the Arabs and Moriscos. We shall now conclude with a few remarks on the present state of the Gitano language in Spain, where, perhaps, within the course of a few years, it will have perished, without leaving a vestige o

s, they are enabled to understand each other tolerably well, when discoursing in this their characteristic speech. Those who travel most are of course best versed in it, as, independent of the words of their own village or town, they acquire others by intermingling with their race in various places. Perhaps there is no part of Spain where it is spoken better than in Madrid, which is easily accounted for by the fact, that Madrid, as the capital, has always been the point of union of the Gitanos, from all those provinces of Spain where they are to be found. It is least of all preserved in Seville, notwithstanding that its Gitano population is very considerable, consisting, however, almost entirely of natives of the place. As may well be supposed, it is in all places best preserved amongst the old people, their children being comparatively ignorant of it, as perhaps they themselves are in comparison with their own parents. We are persuaded that the Gitano language of Spain is nearly at its last stage of existence, which persuasion has been our main instigator to the present

ave printed in this language, and in the dictionary which we have compiled, we have endeavoured, to the utmost of our ability, to deserve that compliment; and at all times it will afford us sincere and he

VEN JA

OR, AS IT IS CALLE

th gin, and began to talk their FLASH LANGUAGE, which I did not understan

qual resulto darme un abraco, y ofrecer

ve been engaged in its consideration, and learned pens have not disdained to occupy themselves with its details, it still remains a singular proof of the errors into which the most acute and laborious writers are apt to fall, when they take upon themselves the task of writing on matters which cannot be studied in the closet, and on which no information can be received by mixing in th

rmania'; in France, 'Argot'; in Germany, 'Rothwelsch,' or Red Italian; in Italy, 'Gergo'; whilst in England it is known by many names; for example, 'cant, slang, thieves' Latin,' etc. The most remarkable circumstance connected with the history of this jargon is, that in all the countries in which it is spoken, it has invariably, by the authors who have treated of it, and who are numerous, been confounded with the Gypsy language, and asserted to be the speech of

, it being a daughter of the Sanscrit, and in consequence in close connection with some of the most celebrated languages of the East, although it at present is only used by the most unfortunate and degraded of beings, wanderers without home and almost without country, as w

e and the same, it being probably invented by the outlaws of one particular country; by individuals of which it was, in course of time, carried to others, where its principles, if not its words, were adopted; for upon no other supposition can we account for its general metaphorical character in regions various and distant. It is, of course, impossible to state with certainty the country in which this jargon first arose, yet there is cogent reason for supposing that it may have been Italy. The Germans call it Rothwelsch, which signifies 'Red Italian,' a name which appears to point out Italy as its birthplace; and which, though by no means of sufficient importance to determine the question, is strongly corroborative of the supposition, when coupled with the following fact. We have already intimated, that wherever it is spoken, this speech, though composed for the most part of words of the language of the particular country, applied in a metaphorical sense, exhibits a considerable sprinkling of foreign words; now of these words no slight number are Italian or bastard Latin, whether in Germany, whether in Spain, or in other countries more or less remote from Italy. When we consider the ignorance of thieves in general, their total want of education, the slight knowledge which they possess even of their mother tongue, it is hardly reasonable to suppose that in any country they were ever c

aid jargon, which may be accounted for by the supposition that the Gypsies, being themselves by birth, education, and profession, thieves of the first water, have, on various occasions, formed alliances with the outlaws of the various countries in which they are at present to be found, which association may have produced the result above alluded to; but it will be as well here to state, that in no country of Europe have the Gypsies forsaken or forgotten their native tongue, and in its stead adopted the 'Germania,' 'Red Italian,' or robber jargon, although in some they preserve their native language in a state of less purity than in others. We are induced to make this statement from an assertion of the celebrated Lorenzo Hervas, who, in the third volume of his CATALOGO DE LAS LENGUAS, trat. 3, cap. vi., p. 311, expresses himself to the following effect:- 'The proper languag

r blood with the Spaniards and Italians as their brethren in Hungaria and Transylvania with the inhabitants of those countries, on which account they still strikingly resemble them in manners, customs, and appearance. The most extraordinary assertion of Hervas is perhaps his second, namely, that the Gypsies have invented particular words to supply the place of others which they had lost. The absurdity of this supposition nearly induces us to believe that Hervas, who has written so much and so laboriously on language, was totally ignorant of the philosophy of his subject. There can be no doubt, as we have before admitted, that in the robber jargon, whether spoken in Spain, Italy, or England, there are many words at whose etymology it is very difficult to arrive; yet such a fact is no excuse for the adoption of the opinion that these words are of pure invention. A knowledge of the Rommany proves satisfactorily that many have been borrowed from that language, whilst many others may be traced to foreign tongues, especially the Latin and Italian. Perhaps one of the strongest grounds for concluding that the origin of language was divine is the fact that no instance can be adduced of the invention, we will not say of a language, but even of a single word that is in use in society of any kind. Although new dialects are continually being formed, it is only by a system of modification, by which roots almost coeval with time itself are continually being reproduced under a fresh appearance, and under new circumstances. The third assertion of Hervas, as to the Gitanos speaking the allegorical language of which he exhibits specimens, is entitled to about equal credence as the two former. The truth is, that the entire store of erudition of the learned Jesuit, and he doubtless was learned to a remarkable degree, was derived from books, either printed or manuscript. He compared the Gypsy words in the publication of Grellmann with various vocabularies, which had long been in exi

principles. We shall commence with the Italian dialect, which there is reason for supposing to be the prototype of the rest. To show what it is, we avail ourselves of some of the w

n Proper sig

ly. th

Ale

acane

agiana

o Perhaps RA

rew, i

lcosa St

alco

rimo Old

Prest

tto Probabl

Prusa

mo H

Borel

iurl

Sals

rom the It

h is

o di Wick of

t'

amaterna M

Gamba

ant' Red one o

l

erpentina

osa H

Lenza Fi

(76) T

at the period in which he lived. All of these romances possess their peculiar merit, and will doubtless always be considered valuable, and be read as faithful pictures of scenes and habits which now no longer exist. In the prologue, the author states that his principal motive for publishing a work written in so strange a language was his observing the damage which resulted from an ignorance of the Germania, especially to the judges and ministers of justice, whose charge it is to cleanse the public from the pernicious gentry who use it. By far the greatest part of the vocabulary consists of Spanish words used allegorically, which are, however, intermingled with many others, most of which may be traced to the Latin and Italian, others to the Sanscrit or Gitano, Russian, Arabic, Turkish, Greek, and German languages. (77) The circumstances of words belonging to some of the languages last enumerated being found in the Gitano, which at first may strike the reader as singular, and almost incredible, will afford but slight surprise, when he takes into consideration the peculiar circumstances of Spain during the sixteenth and seventeenth c

ama lla

ornan e

esada V

o vello

la saba

alba en

amisa

llama a

l Sayo

le llev

los zapa

iedras va

pa llam

Sombrero

llama a

es respetad

GO, p

ndoned the wandering habit of life which once constituted one of their most remarkable peculiarities, and residing, at present, more in the cities than in the fields, have come into closer contact with the great body of the Spanish nation than was in former days their practice. From their living thus in towns, their language has not only undergone much corruption, but has become, to a slight degree, known to the dregs of society, amo

respect applicable to it. As early as the middle of the sixteenth century a vocabulary of this jargon was published under the title of LANGUE DES ESCROCS, at Paris. Those who wish to study it as

s, the hero falls in with a Gypsy encampment, is enrolled amongst the fraternity, and is allotted a 'mort,' or concubine; a barbarous festival ensues, at the conclusion of which an epithalamium is sung in the Gypsy language, as it is called in the work in question. Neither the epithalamium, however, nor the vocabulary, are written in the language of the English Gypsies, but in the 'Cant,' or allegorical robber dialect, which is sufficient proof that the writer, however well acquainted with thieves in general, their customs and manners of life, was in respect to the Gypsies profoundly

en morts, and

bien morts

r duds are

ve hath the

ll, I viewe

enship to

I did sta

we coul

dell can cu

well f

nd cloy so

sy-vill

as up, we ha

for and

seek, then

the roughm

d for future cavilling, without devoting a considerable space to the consideration of the robber dialect, on which account we hope we shall be excused many of the dry details which we have introduced into the present essay. There is a link of connection between the history of the Roma, or wanderers from Hindustan, who first made their appearance in Europe at the commencement of the fifteenth century, and that of modern roguery. Many of the arts which the Gypsies proudly call their own, and which were perhaps at one period peculiar to them, have become divulged, and are now practised by the thievish gentry who infest the various European states, a result which, we may assert with confidence, was brought about by the alliance of the Gypsies being eagerly sought on their first arrival by the thieves, who, at one period, were less skilful than the former in the ways of deceit and plunder; which kind of association continued and held good until the thieves had acquired all

TERM

oun signifying an impure person. It is, however, derived immediately from a Hungarian term, exceedingly common amongst the lower orders of the Magyars, to their disgrace be it spoken. The Hungarian Gypsies themselves not unfrequently style the Hungarians Busnoes, in ridicule of their unceasing use of the word in question. The first Gypsies who entered Spain doubtless brought with them the term from Hungary, the language of which country they probably understood to a certain extent. That it was not ill applied by them in Spain no one will be disposed to deny when told that it exactly

OF GYPSY

DIALECT OF

oi, I can lel a bit o

ch kekomi w

ich, he assured me, was becoming daily worse and worse. 'There is no living for the poor people, brother,' said he, 'the chokengres (police) pursue us from place to place, and the gorgios are become either so poor or miserly, that they grudge our cattle a bite of grass by the wayside, and ourselves a y

how, fifteen years ago, when you made horseshoes in the little dingle by the side of the great north road, I lent you fifty cottors (81

so, for I knew you would not be long pazorrhus to me. I am no hindity mush, brother, no Irishman; I laid out the other da

A PLACE TO LIGHT AFIRE UPON, AND SHALL HAVE NO

tence which heads the chapter, and which is a very characteristi

hat has been said of the Spanish Gypsy dialect holds good with respect to the English as commonly spoken: yet the English dialect has in reality suffered much

SH DI

oteh drey o charos. Dey men to-divvus moro divvuskoe moro, ta for-dey men pazorrhus tukey sar men for-denna len pazorrhus amande; ma muk te petrenna

SH DI

enre ye char. Dinanos sejonia monro manro de cata chibes, ta estormenanos monrias bisauras sasta mu estormenamos a monrias bisabadores; na nos meques petrar enre

ANSLATION

e in heaven. Give us to-day our daily bread, (84) and forgive us indebted to thee as we forgive them indebted to us, (85) suffer not that we fall int

RIAN

nacceptable to the reader. In no part of the world is the Gypsy tongue at the present day spoken with more purity than in Hungary, (88) where

ss themselves. They are specimens of genuine Gypsy talk - sentences which I have myself heard proceed from the mouths of the Czigany; they are not Busno thoughts done into gentle Rommany. Some of them are given here

e puchelas cai sos

vas o erai, hodj o er

l'eras, ta na av

mes ave

eral avel o r

rschengro h

lachi e mol

ta i gorkhe garashe

te felo do

alli mol a

l ote m

dui shel, tri

saschipo and

co le Mujeskey miro pr

ujeskey mi

o, bishwar mai b

yag,

ut; besh te pansch ber

Splini re

Del; cavo o pu

Buka-resti - cado Buk

jin

m nas

jas ke baro

nani man lov

u cado Cosvarri; h

ue ke meclan man a

e chiriclo, ca ker

n tir

r bin miro ker, av pr

e

ui chiro, ye

o breschino, te

ut cavo erai - lacho

el catari ando urdon

uklo tan; le poivasis

un stadji t

ask me (questions),

th

ss for the gentleman,

sfortune come not to

eman fall

please

the gentleman ta

years old

(is) the wine

nd the gherkins cost

he lard cost

of wine

here (is)

nk - two hundred, thre

fo

ess health i

t, which I have, for M

es with Moses m

ty, twenty times mor

no fire,

toiled much: twenty

Baron Splin

) from God; that o

arest - from Bukarest

way unto (

m s

t go to the g

ave no mone

es of land from Colos

tlemen that they let

is

est of the bird, where

i

is you

there is my house; co

to my

two seasons, the

he rain, and puff

uch that gentleman

peaks Hungarian; he

es, he sits here out i

hand he writes in a b

big

Y OF THEI

not be transcribed as it conta

ELLANIES IN THE

RTIS

' of Seville, of whom something has been said in the Preface to the Spurious Gypsy Poetry of Andalusia; not the least remarkable, however, of these pieces is a genuine Gypsy composition, the translation of the Apostles' Creed by the Gyp

CHIPE CALLI

ial on la chen sata on o tarpe; or manrro nonrro de cata chibel dinanoslo sejonia, y estormenanos nonrrias bisauras andial sa

ill so in the earth as in the heaven; the bread our of every day give-us-it to-day, and pardon-us our debts so as

e or asislar de Brono Alienicato; guillo trejuficao, mule y cabanao; y sundilo a los casinobes, (95) y a or brodelo chibel repurelo de enrre los mules, y encalomo a los otarpes, y soscabela bestique a la tabastorre de Ostebe Bato saro-asisilable, ende aoter

Alienicatos; (96) went crucified, dead and buried; and descended to the conflagrations, and on the third day revived (97) from among the dead, and ascended to the heavens, and dwells seated at the right- hand of God, Father all-powerful, from ther

A DEBLA / PRAY

indre de la trejul de tute Chaborro majarolisimo te manguelo, Debla, me alcorabises de tute chaborro or

or Erano sin sartute; bresban tute sirles enrre sares la

la per gaberes crejetaores aocana y on la o

anjaro; sata sia on or presimelo, aocana, y ga

t the foot of the cross of thy most blessed Son, I entreat thee, Virgin, that thou wilt obtain for me, from

Lord is with thee; blessed art thou amongst all wo

for us sinners, now and in the h

oly Ghost; as was in the beginning, now, an

ELARON LOS CALES DE CORDOVATI / TR

ajari; guillo curado debajo de la sila de Pontio Pilato el chinobaro; guillo mulo y garabado; se chale a las jacharis; al trin chibe se ha sicobado de los mules al char; sinela bejado a las baste de Un-debel barre

ed; he was tormented beneath the power of Pontius Pilate, the great Alguazil; was dead and buried; he went (down) to the fires; on the third day he raised himself from the dead unto the heaven; he is seated at the major hand of God; and from

DRES /

terable garipe no

li

chagarno le pendan ch

cobelan calochin

os e dinastes nasti l

ro con

himanes de Serse

riclo on la ba so

ilando y sar or m

ro de gabuno sos m

ar, sata penda

narsichisle sin c

belas: per macara chi

ope

vriardao de jorp

- Calzones de buch

s pirela c

bela pani o re

has scabs needs n

unk the boys say t

see not bre

f glass let him not

ghb

verns of Spain

is worth more tha

ying and with t

the head of a mouse t

believe, as Sa

) of a dwarf is

at mid-day the stew-

la

st me dressed in

reeches of silk and st

o walks fi

a noise (103) has ei

ICHE / THE LO

dial reutila a men Jeli, dinela gao a sos menda orobibele; men puni sin trincha per la quimbila nevel de yes manu barbalo; sos saro se muca per or jandorro. Lo sos bus prejeno Calli

aredst for me;) to recede thus from my love, giving occasion to me to weep. My agony is great on account of thy recent acquaintance with a rich man; for every thing is abandoned for money's sake. What I most

IN CHORO / THE EV

n sardana de saros los Benjes, techescando grejos y olajais - de sustiri sos lo resaronomo niquilla murmo; y andial lo fendi

and at last they live in the favour of all the devils, voiding oaths and curses: so that what is cheap turns ou

ES / THE

atanando per or platesquero de or mostipelo a la burda sos socabelaba pandi, y per or jobi de la clichi chibelo or jundro de la pusca, le dino pesquibo a or langute, y le sumuquelo yes bruchasno on la tesquera a or Jojerian de los ostilaores y lo techesco de or

and went running to the court-yard of the farm-house to the gate, which was shut, placed the barrel of his musket to the keyhole, gave his finger its desire, (107) and sent a bullet into the forehead of the captain of the robbers, casting h

O EN CHIPE CALLI OR RANDADOR DE OCONOS PAPIRIS AUNSOS NARDIAN LO HA DINADO

, bus nasti quesa escotria or egresiton. Oclinde les pendaba: se sustinara sueste sartra sueste, y sichen sartra sichen, y abicara bareles dajiros de chenes per los gaos, y retreques y bocatas, y abicara buchengeres espajuis, y bareles simachis de otarpe: bus anjella de saro ondoba os sinastraran y preguillaran, enregandoos a la Socreteria, y los ostardos, y os legeraran a los Oclayes, y a los Baquedunis, per men acnao: y ondoba os chundeara on chachipe. Terelad pus seraji on bros garlochines de ne orobrar anjella sata abicais de brudilar, persos man os dinare rotuni y chanar, la sos ne asislaran resistir ne sartra pendar satos bros enormes. Y quesareis enregaos de bros batos, y opranos, y sastris, y monrrores, y queraran merar a cormuni de averes; y os cangelaran saros per men acnao; bus ne carjibara ies bal de bros jeros. Sar bras opachirima avelareis bras orchis: pus bus dicareis a Jerusalen relli, oclinde chanad sos, desquero petra soscabela pajes; oclinde los soscabelan on la Chutea, chapesguen a los tober-jelis; y

t nation, and country against country, and there shall be great tremblings of earth among the towns, and pestilences and famines; and there shall be frightful things, and great signs in the heaven: but before all this they shall make ye captive, and shall persecute, delivering ye over to the synagogue, and prisons; and they shall carry ye to the kings, and the governors, on account of my name: and this shall happen to you for truth. Keep then firm in your hearts, not to think before how ye have to answer, for I will give you mouth and wisdom, which all your enemies shall not be able to resist, or contradict. And ye shall be delivered over by your fathers, and brothers, and relations, and friends, and they shall put to death some of you; and all shall hate you for my name; but not one hair of your heads shall perish. With your patience ye shall possess your souls: but when ye shall see Jerusalem surrounded, then know that its fall is near; then those who are in Judea, let them escape to the mountains; and those who

DIALECT OF

oi, I can lel a bit o

ch kekomi w

hich, he assured me, was becoming daily worse and worse. 'There is no living for the poor people, brother,' said he, 'the chok-engres (police) pursue us from place to place, and the gorgios are become either so poor or miserly, that they grudge our cattle a bite of grass by the way side, and ourselves a

how, fifteen years ago, when you made horse-shoes in the little dingle by the side of the great north road, I lent you fifty cottors (11

so, for I knew you would not be long pazorrhus to me. I am no hindity mush, brother, no Irishman; I laid out the other day t

PLACE TO LIGHT A FIRE UPON, AND SHALL HAVE NO

tence which heads the chapter, and which is a very characteristi

dialect has in reality suffered much less than the Spanish, and still retains its original syntax to a certain extent, its peculiar manner of conjugating verbs, and declining nouns and pronouns. I must, however, qualify this last assertion, by observing that in the genuine Romm

.(114) English

Yo

Leste

Las

Lo

rom lest

h leste

UR

psy English

Yau

Lente

en To

Len

om Lende

uninteresting to the philologist or even to the general reader. Could a doubt be at present entertained that the Gypsy languag

ypsy. Spa

ria C

Morr

Forus

Mul

Dosta

Match

Boro

e Ke

Saste

rallis

Camova

chun C

Rard

Purrum

n Dra

k Si

shindo B

Kooroke

Dano

ge Ga

Paun

vali

written, the following translations of the L

ORD'S

an: dey mande ke-divvus miry diry morro, ta fordel man sor so me pazzorrus tute, sa me fordel sor so wavior mushor pazzorrus amande; ma rig

L TRAN

. Give to me to-day my dear bread, and forgive me all that I am indebted to thee, as I forgive all that other men are indebted to me; not

BE

Pilaten wast; nasko pre rukh, moreno, chivios adrey o hev; jas yov tuley o kalo dron ke wafudo tan, bengeskoe stariben; jongorasa o trito divvus, atchasa opre to tatcho tan, Mi-dovvels kair; bestela kanaw odoi pre Mi-dovvels tacho wast Dad soro-bor

L TRAN

hand; hung on a tree, slain, put into the grave; went he down the black road to bad place, the devil's prison; he awaked the third day, ascended up to good place, my God's house; sits now there on my God's right hand Father-all

NG IN THE VULGAR

wing to the g

e dron miro

whether she c

n'd: tu si

shall ker tu mir

ute but d

cam tute for

, thou wilt c

NSL

was going t

e road my R

ether she woul

thou hast a

l make thee m

u hast but

ll love thee

ay thou wilt

uriosity of the reader. It has been inserted here for the purpose of showing that the Gypsies have songs in their own language, a fact which

tno

RLY REVIEW

RGH REVIEW

NER, Dec.

ATOR, Dec

peakest we

t the time of the publication of the first edition OF THE ZINCALI, which I certainly do not regret: for though I believe the learned German to be quite right

Good

andere

wo br

referred to has long s

noun, being one of the forms of the genitive case; for example, Elik-EN boro congry, the great Church or Cathedral of Ely; the GRO or GEIRO (Spanish GUERO), is the Sanscrit KAR, a

n and enterprising traveller, Mr. Vigne, whose highly interesting

sy: the Spanish Gypsies term the Gentiles Busne, th

e tantamount to the

bruta animalia et furentes. See vol. xxii. of

as: CATALOGO DE LAS LE

etaphor both in Gypsy and Spanish;

HIS. (Th

yes chiro purelar sistilias sata rujias, y

sack the town during the pestilence, which was defeated by the courage and activity of an individual, rests on historical evidence the most sat

vadere hi ac diripere tentarunt, perfecissentque ni Dens O. M. cuiusdam BIBLIOPOLAE opera, in corum, cap

by the Gitanos of Spain in ancient times, when they were for the most part semi-savages living amongst mountains and deserts, where food was hard to be procu

Eng

) S

TES: erster T

lanca: DE M

And it shall be for a sign unto

the book of Job con

went out with an high hand.' Ex

is to be found in

n; her feet abide not in her house. Now is she without, now i

y masters; an entertaining novel, written in the seventeenth century, by Geronimo of

et! - God is God! -

en. xl

essary to enter into particulars farther than to observe that

act sense of the inspired original is not conveyed.

, chap. xii

inones,

answer for the truth of these sta

tatement is

f the East, are Gypsies neither by origin nor habits, but are in general people who suppo

nnot be reproduced] - or reus al haramin, the lit

e is the following: 'Es preciso que cada uno coma d

e Usoz y Rio, my coadjutor in the editing of the New Testament in Spanish (Madrid, 1837). For a

teal a

ame devil:

nete and C

at river, or

untain in

rd signifying '

ngua muy

lo mi nacimiento; No camelo ser

aged a war of extermination against the French, but at

dialect which strikingly resembl

mountains of Santander; they carry long sticks, in the handling of which they are unequalled. Ar

on Joan Jose Lopez, were present when t

ipue fuit pestis seu

e idea, and that one of the most absurd that ever entered the head of an individual. He endeavours to persuade his readers that the Gitanos are the descendants of the Moors, and the greatest part of his work is a history of those Africans, from the time of their arrival in the Peninsula till their expatriation by Philip the Third.

an word sign

ning swine in English G

edio de ch

The E

earliest Spanish Gypsies; they differ much from the language of th

library in the kingdom was empowered to purchase two copies in both languages, as the works in question were allowed to possess some merit IN A LITERARY POINT OF VIEW

eal me,

for upwards of two hundred years. They are called Miquelets, from the name of the

g the originals of the following rhymes s

riginal, see o

for a sight of the somewhat rare volume written by him, t

rstand the author when he spoke Romaic, was no proof that their own

original Mongolian warriors followed Timour in the invasion of India. His armies latterly appear to have consisted chiefly of Turcomans and Persi

by Adelung, MIT

Mithr

Zigeuners, the Zingari, and the Bohemians, they (the Gitanos) cannot, however, be confounded with these nomad castes, nor the same origin be attributed to them; . . . all that we shall find in common between these people will be, that the one (the Gypsies,

hich they use, any investigation which people might pretend to make would be quite useless; in the first place, on account of the reserve which they exhibit on this point; and secondly

inquirer the names for bread and water, meat and salt, in their own peculiar tongue - for, assuredly, had they sense enough to afford that slight quantum of information, it would lead to two very advantageous results, by proving, first, that they spoke the

in the MITHRID

ussian BOLOSS, which has

asque,

nscrit,

improper sense, are probably of quite another origin. LEN, in Gitan

it, PIAVA. Basilea, gallows, (p. 158,) is Russian, BECILITZ. Caramo, wine, and gurapo, galley, (pp. 162, 176,) Arabic, HARAM (which literally signifies that which is forbidden) and GRAB. Iza, (p. 179,) harlot,

and was brought by the Gypsies into England; it means 'booty,' or what is c

mas, litera

ggar, literally a d

Gui

ilver

y word for a

Gypsy version, 'ou

us our debts as we

il FROM'; Span., '

n., 'for

meant not only Hungary p

ys made come the

ny-year fel

Of a

ll be to you for

) C

Empty

ASINOBEN

s Pilate is represented, but wh

Reb

ty is alwa

uces himself to the

e most h

lazed earth, in which bacon, b

a genuine Gypsy proverb, as are the two which follow;

S A MOUTH; the meaning is,

Female

omen UN

motive awoke the

er, I.E. his finger was itching to

slugs, which are compared, and

mas, literal

eggar, literally a

) Gu

ilver t

sy word for a

given by

han mulo, which simply means a dead person, I have been obliged to substitute