The French Revolution - Volume 1

by gangs in ti

is recent and sudde

ds the fallen go

trative

e same state of things exists now (1875) in Rumania and in Mexico. Adventurers, gangsters, corrupted or downgraded men, social outcasts, men overwhelmed with debts and lost to honor, vagabonds, deserters, dissolute troopers, born enemies of work, of subordination, and of the law, unite to break the worm-eaten barriers which st

streets which tell of a traitor to each house, and for confirmed knowledge the club slogans inciting him to rule over the vast machine. A machinery so vast and complicated, a whole assembly of entangled services ramifying in innumerable offices, with so much apparatus of special import, so delicate as to require constant adaptation to changing circumstances, diplomacy, finances, justice, army administration-all this surpasses his limited comprehension; a bottle cannot be made to contain the bulk of a hogshead.3103 In his narrow brain, perverted and turned topsy-turvy by the disproportionate notions put into it, only one idea suited to his gross instincts and aptitudes finds a place there, and that is the desire to kill his enemies; and these are also the State's enemies, however open or concealed, present or future, probable or even possible. He carries this savagery and bewilderment into politics, and hence the evil arising from his government. Simply a brigand, he would have murdered only to rob, and his

the ideas of killings i

August 10.-The tri

te of August 27.

t conceives the project of visiting all the prisons in Paris to take out the prisoners and administer prompt justice on them."-On the 12th in the markets "diverse groups of the low class call Pétion a scoundrel," because "he saved the Swiss in the Palais Bourbon"; accordingly, "he and the Swiss must be hung to-day."-In these minds turned topsy-turvy the actual, palpable truth gives way to its opposite; "the attack was not begun by them; the order to sound the tocsin came from the palace; it is the palace which was besieging the nation, and not the nation which was besieging the palace."3107 The vanquished "are the assassins of the people," caught in the act; and on the 14th of August the Federates demand a court-martial "to avenge the death of their comrades."3108 And even a court-martial will not answer. "It is not sufficient to mete out punishment for crimes committed on the 10th of August, but the vengeance of the people must be extended to all conspirators;" to that "Lafayette, who probably was not in Paris, but who may have been there;" to all the ministers, generals, jud

es, "wearied and indignant" with so many delays, mean to force open the prisons and massacre the inmates.3111-Not only do the sections harass the judges, but they force the accused into their presence: a deputation from the Commune and the Federa

is cousin the former minister of Louis XVI., break out in murmurs. The president tries to enforce silence, which increases the uproar, and M. de Montmorin is in danger. On this the president, discovering a side issue, announces that one of the jurors is related to the accused, and that in such a case a new jury must be impaneled and a new trial take place; that the matter will be inquired into, and meanwhile the prisoner will be

is acquittal a tra

day and in two weeks h

they are capable of a dirty trick, of a plot, of a massacre. As they themselves have never behaved in any other way, they cannot conceive anything else. Through an inevitable inversion of thought, they impute to others the murderous intentions obscurely wrought out in the dark recesses of their own disturbed brains.-On the 27th of Aug

assacre

assacre

ssacre at

ssacre at

sacre at L

sacre at C

e of the Champ

men in the galleries, to the frequenters of the clubs, and to pikemen in the subur

ity, and a very small one, and that their rage finds no echo. The organizers and their stooges are the only ones to call for speedy sentencing and for death-penalties. A foreigner, a good observer, who questions the shop-keepers of whom he makes purchases, the tradesmen he knows, and the company he finds in the coffee-houses, writes that he never had "seen any symptom of a sanguinary disposition except in the galleries of the National Assembly and at the Jacobin Club," but then the galleries are full of paid "applauders,' especially "females, who are more noisy and to be had cheaper than males." At the Jacobin Club are "the lead

es furious, probably on account of the jeers of the bystanders. With the coarseness of people of his kind he has vented his impotent rage by abuse, he

or the Queen! Hurra for Lafaye

t, the story obtains general credence. "Jean Julien has declared that all the prisons in Paris thought as he did, that there would soon be fine times, that the prisoners were armed, and that as soon as the volunteers cleared out they would be let loose on all Paris."3118 The streets are full of anxious faces. "One says that Verdun had been betrayed like Longwy. Others shook their heads and said it was the traitors within Paris and not the declared enemies on the frontier that were to be feared."3119 On the following day the story grow

r is their

idal idea among t

wers they seize.-

un-Terror is

point and raise so high! The basest of newspaper scribblers, penny-a-liners out of the gutters, bar-room oracles, unfrocked monks and priests, the refuse of the literary guild, of the bar, and of the clergy, carpenters, turners, grocers, locksmiths, shoemakers, common laborers, many with no profession at all, strolling politicians and 3122public brawlers, who, like the sellers of counterfeit wares, have speculated for the past three years on popular credulity. There were among them a number of men in bad repute, of doubtful honesty or of proven dishonesty, who, in their youth led shiftless lives. They are still besmirched with old slime, they were put outside the pale of useful labor by their vices, driven out of inferior stations even into prohibited occupations, bruised by the perilous leap, with consciences distorted like the muscles of a tight-rope dancer. Were it not for the Revol

military police, which means to pay their bands,3126 but again, "invested with the municipal scarf," they seize, "in the public establishment belonging to the nation, all furniture, and whatever is of most value." "In one building alone, they carry off the value of 100,000 crowns."3127 Elsewhere, in the hands of the treasurer of the civil list, they appropriate to themselves, a box of jewels, other precious objects, and 340, 000 francs.3128 Their commissioners bring in from Chantilly three wagons each drawn by three horses "loaded with the spoils of M. de Condé," and they undertake "removing the contents of the houses of the émigrés."3129 They confiscate in the churches of Paris "the crucifixes, music-stands, bells, railings, and every object in bronze or of iron, chandeliers, cups, vases, reliquaries, statues, every article of plate," as well "on the altars as in the sacristies,"3130 a

rs, and robbers, there is no middle course for them between a dictatorship and the galleys.-The mind, before such an alternative, unless extraordinarily well-balanced, loses its equilibrium; they have no difficulty in deluding themselves with the idea that the State is menaced in their persons, and, in postulating the rule, that all is allowable for them, even massacre. Has not Bazire stated in the tribune that, against the enemies of the nation, "all means are fair justifiable? Has

Lafayette, the signers of the petition of 8,000, and of that of 20,000, disqualified for any service whatever.3135 In vain has it multiplied domiciliary visits, even to the residence and carriages of the Venetian ambassador. In vain, through insulting and repeated examinations, does it keep at its bar, under the hootings and death-cries of its tribunes, the mos

are closed and

and boats stationed on the Sei

nto circumscriptions, and for each

tion of vehicl

en is ordered

reigns after six o'clock

ven hundred squads of sans-culottes, all working

burst in with

are picked

are sounde

arched even to dig

ers are

are con

rrested and led off;3138 priests

ly treated, the cries of prisoners compelled to march, the oaths of the guards, cursing and drinking at each grog-shop; never was there su

he interloping Council, and substitutes for it ninety-six delegates, to be elected by the sections in twenty-four hours. And, even still better, it orders an account to be rendered within two days of the objects it has seized, and the return of all gold or silver articles to the Treasury. Quashed, and summoned to disgorge their booty, the autocrats of the H?tel-de-ville come in vain to the Assembly in force on the following day3141 to extort from it a repeal of its decrees; the Assembly, in spite of their threats and those of their satellites, stands its ground.-So much the worse for the stubborn; if they are not disposed to regard the flash of the saber, they will feel its sharp edge and point. The Commune, on the motion of Manuel, decides that, so long as public danger continues, they will stay where

ination of this.-The a

Commune.-Its co-o

and readiness

eir minds a plan of the massacre, and each one, little by little, spontaneously,

with suspicion and beset with a homicidal mania for the past three years, reduced to one idea through mental impoverishment, that of murder, having lost the faculty for even the lowest order of reasoning, the poorest of journalists, save for pikemen and Billingsgate market-women, so monotonous in his constant paroxysms that the regular reading of his journal is like listening to hoarse cries from the cells of a madhouse.3146 From the 19th of August he excites people to attack the prisons. "The wisest and best course to pursue," he says, "is to go armed to the Abbaye, drag out the traitors, especially the Swiss officers and the

e protection or under the passivity of the central authority.-He alone of the Commune and of the ministry is able to push things through and harmonize action in the pell-mell of the revolutionary chaos; both in the councils of the ministry which he governs, as he formerly governed at the H?tel-de ville. In the constant uproar of incoherent discussions,3149 athwart "propositions ex abrupto, among shouts, swearing, and the going and coming of questioning petitioners," he is seen mastering his new colleagues with his "stentorian voice, his gestures of an athlete, his fearful threats," taking upon himself their duties, dictating to them what and whom he chooses, "fetching in commissions already drawn up," taking cha

m? Boldness, boldness, always boldness!3155 I have brought my mother here, seventy years of age; I have sent for my children, and they came last night. Before the Prussians enter Paris, I want my family to die with me. Let twenty thousand torches be applied, and Paris instantly reduced to ashes!"3156 "We must maintain ourselves in Paris at all hazards. Republicans are in an extreme minority, and, for fighting, we can rely only on them. The rest of France is devoted to royalty. The royalists must be terrified!"3157-It is he who, on the 28th of August, obtains from the Assembly the great domiciliary visit, by which the Commune fills the prisons. It is he who, on the 2d of September, to paralyze the resistance of honest people, causes the penalty of death to be decreed against whoever, "directly or indirectly shall, in any manner whatsoever, refuse to execute, or who shall interfere with the orders issued, or with the measures of the executive power." It is he who, on that day, informs the journalist Prudhomme of the pretended prison plot, and who, the second day after, sends his secretary, Camille Desmoulins, to falsify the report of the massacres,3158 It is he who, on the 3rd of September, at the office of the Minister of Justice, before the battalion officers and the heads of t

ecessary before he can be wrested from the maniac who had seized him. With a surgeon like Marat, and medics like the four or five hundred leaders of the Commune and of the sections, it is not essential to guide the knife; it is a foregone conclusion that the amputation will be extensive. Their names speak for themselves: in the Commune, Manuel, the syndic-attorney; and his two deputies Hébert and Billaud-Varennes, Huguenin, Lhuillier, M.-J. Chénier, Audoin, Léonard Bourdon, Boula and Truchon, presidents in succession. In the Commune

he Sainte-Chapelle club, in danger b

d, carried away, and afterwards shud

nse of watching the baggage, climbs on the seat of a landau standing on the street, w

born disciple and bootlicker, an admirer of Robespierre's whom he proposes

ignol, simple evil-doers in

hose theatrical imagination delights in

nk, irascible and gloomy, as cool before

ders, haranguing a great deal, always advising, showing himself everywhere, getting ready to reign, and sudden

ergent sign the commissions of "their comrades," Maillard and associates, for the Abbaye, and "order them to judge," that is to say, kill the prisoners.3170 The same and the following days, at La Force, three members of the Commune, Hébert, Monneuse, and Rossignol, preside in turn over the assassin court.3171 The same day, a commissar of the Committee of Supervision comes and demands a dozen men of the Sans-Culottes section to help massacre the priests of Saint Firmin.3172 The same day, a commissar of the Commune visits the different prisons during the slaughter, and finds that "things are going on well in all of them."3173 The same day, at five o'clock in the afternoon, Billaud-Varennes, deputy-attorney for the Commune, "in his well-known puce-colored coat and black perruque," walking over the corpses, says to the Abbaye butchers: "Fellow-citizens, you are immolating your enemies, you are performing your duty." He returns during the night, highly commends them, and confirms the promise of the "agreed wages." On the following any at noon, he again returns, congratulates them more warmly, allows each one twenty francs, and urges them to keep on.3174-In the mean time, Santerre, summoned to the general staff headquarters by Roland, hypocri

ment and

heir numbers.-The

t of murder on th

.-Their ins

s especially on their crude brains that we have

!"3180 Accordingly, they form in themselves a special, permanent, resident body, allowing no one to divert them from their adopted occupation. "They turn a deaf ear to the excitements of spurious patriotism";3181 they are not going to be sent off to the frontier. Their post is at the capital; they have sworn "to defend liberty"; neither before nor after September make them deviate from this end. When, after having drawn money on

ines, who let themselves be driven: for instance the local forwarding agent, a good sort of man, but who, dragged along, plied with liquor, and then made crazy, kills twenty priests for his share, and dies at the end of the month, still drinking, unable to sleep, frothing at the mouth and trembling in every limb.3186 And finally the few, who, with good intentions, are carried away by the bloody whirlwind, and, struck by the grace of Revolution, become converted to the religion of murder. One of them a certain Grapin, deputized by his section to save two prisoners, seats himself alongside of Maillard, sits in judgment at his side

n, impress upon him how "just and attentive" they were,3193 their discernment, the time given to the work, so many days and so many hours; they ask only for what is "due to them"; when the treasurer, on paying them, demands their names, they give them without the slightest hesitation. Those who escort a dismissed prisoner; masons, hairdressers, federates, require no recompense but "something to drink"; "we do not carry on this business for money," they say; "here is your friend; he promised us a glass of brandy, which we will take and then go back to our work."3194-Outside of their business they possess the expansive cordiality and ready sensitivity of the Parisian workman. At the Abbaye, a federate,3195 on learning that the prisoners had been kept without water for twenty-six hours, wanted to "exterminate" the turnkey for his negligence, and would have done it if "the prisoners themselves had not pleaded for him." On the acquittal of a prisoner, the guards and the butchers, everybody, embraces him with enthusiasm; Weber is greeted again and again for more than a hundred yards; they cheer to excess. Each wants to escort the prisoner; the cab of Mathon de la Varenne is invaded; "they perch themselves on the driver's seat, at the doors, on top,

niacs and rascals, who, through monomania or calculation, have preach all that to them: just like a Negro king surrounded by white slave-dealers, who urge him into raids, and by black sorcerers, who prompt him to massacre. How could such a man with such gu

t I mean to leave here for the section to look after, while I go and fight the enemy. But I have no intention that while I am gone these villains here in prison, and other villains who would come and let them out, should cut the throats of my wife and children. I have three boys who I hope will some day be more useful to their country than those rascals you want to save. Anyhow, all that

e formidable, which is the condemnation and slaughter by categories. Any title suffices, Swiss, priest, officer, or servant of the King, "the 'worms' on the civil list"; wherever a lot of priests or Swiss are found, it is not worth while to have a trial

to "gorge himself on horrors,"31102 by adding murder to murder. For murder, especially as he practices it, that is to say, with a naked sword on defense-less people, introduces into his animal and moral machine two extraordinary and disproportionate emotions which unsettle it, on the one hand, a sensation of omnipotence exercised uncontrolled, unimpeded, without danger, on human life, on throbbing flesh31103 and, on the other hand, an interest in bloody and diversified death, accompanied with an ever new series of contortions and exclamations;31104 formerly, in the Roman circus, one could not tear one's self away f

the torment. At La Force, the Federates who come for M. de Rulhières swear "with frightful imprecations that they will cut the head of anyone daring to end his sufferings with a thrust of his pike"; the first thing is to strip him naked, and then, for half an hour, with the flat of their sabers, they cut and slash him until he drips with blood and is "skinned to his entrails."-All the monstrous instincts who grovels chained up in the dregs of the human heart, not only cruelty with its bared fangs,31108 but also the slimier desires, unite in fury against women whose noble or infamous repute makes them conspicuous; against Madame de Lamballe, the Queen's friend; against Madame Desrues, widow of the famous poisoner; against the flower-girl of the Palais-Royal, who, two years before, had mutilated her lover, a French guardsman, in a fit of jealousy. Ferocity here is associated with lewdness to add debasement

led together, sleep off the fumes of their wine, removed on one side. The exhalation from the carnage is so strong that the president of the civil committee faints in his chair,31115 the fumes of the tavern blending with those from the charnel-house. A heavy, dull state of torpor gradually overcomes their clouded brains, the last glimmerings of reason dying out one by one, like the smoky lights on the already cold breasts of the corpses lying around them. Through the stupor spreading over the faces of butchers and cannibals, we see appearing that of the

tchers at the Abbaye prison, especially towards the close, had already committed thefts;31119 here, at the Chatelet and the Conciergerie prisons, they carry away "everything which seems to them suitable," even to the clothes of the dead, prison sheets and coverlids, even the small savings of the jailers, and, besides this, they enlist their cronies. "Out of 36 prisoners set free, many were assassins and robbers, the killers attached them to their group. There were also 75 women, confined in part for larceny, who promised to faithfully serve their liberators." Later on, indeed, these are to become, at the Jacobin and Cordeliers clubs, the tricoteuses (knitters) who fill their tribunes.31120-At the Salpétrière prison, "all the pimps of Paris, former spies,... libertines, the rascals of France and all Europe, prepare beforehand for the operation," and rape alternates with massacre.31121-Thus far, at least, slaughter has been seasoned with robbery, and the grossness of eating and drinking; at

obin Ma

cre on the public.-

society.-The ascend

-The men of Septe

elected to t

rested from their judges' hands, and then, by the way of surplus, "following the example of Paris," twenty-one prisoners taken from the Versailles prisons. At Paris the Minister of Justice thanks them, the Commune congratulates them, and the sections feast them and embrace them.31127-Can anybody doubt that they were ready to begin again? Can a step be taken in or out of Paris without being subject to their oppression or encountering their despotism? Should one leave the city, sentinels of their species are posted at the barriers and on the section committees in continuous session. Malouet, led before that of Roule,31128 sees before him a pandemonium of fanatics, at least a hundred individuals in the same room, the suspected, those denouncing them, collaborators, attendants, a long, green table in the center, covered with swords and daggers, with the committee around it,

n in each street, leading the suspec

he crowds that have com

the cry of the auctioneer sel

ts on the pavement bea

ted aloft on the carts, beatin

ination before the green table of the section committee, after this, in prison

stop people as they pass along, seize whatever they carry, and, under the pretext that jewels should be deposited on the altars of Patriotism, take purses, watches, rings, and other articles, so rudely that women who are not quick enough, have the lobes of their ears torn in unhooking their earrings31

ill dripping with blood, and the report is spread that, on the 20th of September, the prisons will be emptied by a second massacre.31133-Let the Convention, if it pleases, pompously install itself as sovereign, and grind out decrees-it makes no difference; regular or irregular, the government still marches on in the hands of those who hold the sword.31134 The Jacobins, through sudden terror, have maintained their illegal authority; through a prolongation of terror they are going to establish their legal authority. A forced suffrage is going to put them in office at the H?tel-de-ville, in the tribunals, in the National Guard, in the sections, and in the various administrations, while they have already elected to the Convention, Marat, Danton, Fabre d'Eglantine, Camille Desmoulins, Manuel, Billaud-Varennes, Panis, Sergent, Collot d'Herbois, Robespierre, Legendre, Osselin, Fréron, David, Robert, Lavicourterie, in short, the instigators, leaders and accomplices of the massacre.31135 Nothing that could force or falsify voting is omitted.31136 In the first place the presence of the people is imposed on the electoral assembly, and, to this end, it is transferred to the large hall of the Jacobin club, under the pressure of the Jacobin g

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into Burgundy with thy brothers, we will leave thee and follow them in thy place."-Clotaire, another of his sons, disposed to make peace with the Saxo

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ives Nationales," F7, 4426. Letter of Chemin, commissioner of the Gravilliers section, to Santerre, Aug.11, 1792. "Mois Charles Chemin commissaire... fait part à Monsieur Santaire générale de la troupe parisiene que le nommé Hingray cavaliers de la gendarmeris nationalle.. me

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in the pillage of the Ecole d'Etat-major and was on his way home. I said to him: "But this is civil war, and you

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the Jacobin's footsteps. Nobles, Bourgeois, Jews and other undesirables have been methodically put away. The sheeplike majority did not

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r, Nov. 1

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ter of the police administrators, Aug.

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ssion of Aug. 12) Speech by Le

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II. 31. Speech by Robespierre at the bar of the

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-The names of the principal judges elected show its

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Roux, XVII.9

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n his speech (Monite

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, XVII. 116 (ses

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, III. 461.-Moore,

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(article by Prudhomme in t

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gely outnumbered by the multitude of uniforms of the various battalions."-Moore, Aug, 31: "At present the inhab

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e, Au

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n referring to M. Mortimer-Ternaux we do so because, like a tru

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, "les Nuits de Paris,

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e, Sep

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opts and expands the fable, probably invented by it. Prudhomme well says that the story of the prison plot, so scandalously circulated during the Reign of Terror, appears for the first time on the 2d of September. The same report was s

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orts of the co

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ion commissioners sitting at the H?tel-de-vil

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National Assembly to insist that "the new department be converted, pure and simple, into a tax-commissioners' office."-Mortimer-Ternaux, III. 25. Speech of Robespierre in the name of the commune: "After the people have saved the country, after decreeing a National Convention to repl

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bid., 149.-Ibid., 148. The commission on supplies having been broken up by the commune, Roland, the Minister of t

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provided with a certificate of their integrity, issued by their assembled section, and that the interviews between them and the accused be public.

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aux, III. 11. D

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Sep. 22).. Report by Roland to the National As

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rrière et Berville). Report by Roland Oct. 2

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f the commune.-See, on the prolongation of this plundering, Roland's report, Oct. 29, of money, plate, and assignats ta

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by the treasurer of the commune, p. 321.-On the 28th of August a "S

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150, 161, 511.-Report by

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542 (sessions of

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a resolution to obtain a law authorizing the commune "to collect together with wives and childre

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rey, the journalist, the commune "passes a resolution that seals be affixed to Madame Geof

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Another resolution, again demanding of the Nation

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inst the ambassador, and states that several carriages went out of Paris in his name. The name of this citizen is Chevalier, a horse-shoer's assistant... The Council decrees

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ted as a gendarme for the sans-culottes is here well depicted. The keeper of the H?tel Meurice, where Moore and Lord Lauderdale put up, was on guard and on the chase the night before: "He talked a good deal of the fatigue he had undergone, and hinted a little of the dangers to

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number arrested amounted to

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Roux, XVII. 358.-"Procès-verbaux de la Commune," Sept. 1. "The section of the Temple sends a deputation which declares that by virtu

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x, III. 154 (sess

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instigation of Danton, Thuriot obtains from the National Assembly an ambiguous decree which seems to

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aux de la Comm

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he citizens who fought for liberty and equality on the 10th of August shall remain in their possession; M

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ed this measure" (Granier de Cassagnac, II. 100). 3. The same day the commune applauds the deputies of a section, which "in warm terms" denounce before it the tardiness of justice and declare to it that the people will "immolate" the prisoners in their prisons (Moniteur, Nov. 10, 1793, Narrative of Pétion). The same day it sends a deputation to the Assembly to order a transfer of the Orleans prisoners to Paris (Buchez et Roux, XVII. 116). The next day, in spite of the prohibitions of the Assembly, It sends Fournier and his band to Orleans (Mortimer-Ternaux, III. 364), an

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,1792, speech by Mar

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gust 19: "The infamous conscript Fathers of the Circus, betraying the people and trying to delay the conviction of traitors until Mottié arrives, is marching with his army on Paris to destroy all patriots!"-That of Aug. 21: "The rotters of the Assembly, the p

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euple, Aug

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ame Bancal des Issarts, Sept. 9. "Danton leads all; Robes

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unce me to the Commune and at the Cordeliers, and have me hung." Fournier's commission to Orleans was all in order, Roland probably havin

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the details.-He then complains of having been displaced, and, stating that he is too young to command with any authority at Strasbourg, requests to be reinstated with the army in the field. "Impossible," replies Servan; "your place is given to another." Thereupon one of the personages present, with a peculiar visage and a rough voice, takes him aside and says to him: "Servan is a fool! Come and see me to-morrow and I will arrange the matter." "Who are you?" "I am Danton, the Minister of Justice."-The next day he calls on Danton, who tells him: "It is all right; you shall have your post back-not under Kellerman, however, but under Dumouriez; are you content?" The young man, delighted, thank

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he question came up whether the members of the "Right" should likewise be put out of the way. "Danton had energetically repelled this sangui

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e hot-headed commissioners sent by him into the department: "Eh

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nton, in a conversation with his father,

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ative of the king

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the signal of alarm agreed upon. Already on the 31st of August, Tailien, his faithful ally, had told the National Assembly: "We have arrested the pri

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). Speech by Fabre d'Eglantine at the Jacobin Club,

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l and tells him his fears. "Danton, irritated by the description, exclaims in his bellowing way, suiting his word to the action. 'I don't give a damn about the prisoners! Let them take care of themselves! And he proceeded on in an angry mood. This took place in the second ante-room, in

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he nasty imprisoned persons."-Camille Desmoulins enters: "Look here," says Danton, "Prudhomme has come to ask what is going to be done?"-"Didn't you tell him that the innocent would not be confounded with the guilty? All those that are demanded by their Sections will be given up."-On the 4th, Desmoulins calls at

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is name.--Afterwards, in the next room, Mandar proposes to Pétion and Robespierre to attend the Assembly the next day and protest against the massacre; if necessary, the Assembly may appoint a di

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r was a printed address bearing the title of Compte rendu au peuple souverain, "countersigned by the Minister of Justice and with

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That affair does not concern you. Mind your own business, and do not meddle with things outside of it!"-"But, Monsieur, the law says that prisoners must be protected."-"What do you care? Some among

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r-Ternaux

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ey have a small army under pay, aided by what they found or stole in the palace and elsewhere, or by supplies purchased by Danton, who is underhandedly the chieftain of this horde."-Dusaulx, "Mémoires," 441. "On the following day (Sept. 3) I went to see one of the mo

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ey have a small army under pay, aided by what they found or stole in the palace and elsewhere, or by supplies purchased by Danton, who is underhandedly the chieftain of this horde."-Dusaulx, "Mémoires," 441. "On the following day (Sept. 3) I went to see one of the mo

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rations sur la Révolution F

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ons of the commune "M. Panis spoke of Marat as of a prophet, another Siméon Stylite. 'M

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on the abominations to which her corpse was subjected. "He added, with a sigh of regret, that if he had been

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he safety of the people: I denounce the libertycide Brissot, the Girondist factionists, the rascally commission of the Twenty-One in the National Assembly; I denounce them for having sold France to Brunswick, and for having taken in advance the reward

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olutions of the sections Poissonnière and Luxembourg).-Granier de Cassagna

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e Cassagnac

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Cassagnac, XII. 402. (The other five ju

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sembly of the sans-culottes, section, Sept. 2.-"Mémoires su

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ées de Septembre," narrat

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La vérite tout entière," by Méhée, Jr

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93.-On the presence and compli

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'clock (Sept. 2) city officials on horseback, carrying a flag, rode through the streets crying: 'To arms! To arms!' They added: 'The enemy is coming; you are all lost; the city will be burnt and given up to pillage. Have no fear of the traitors or conspirators behind your backs. They are in the hands of the patriots, and before you leave the thunderbolt of national

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vening before half-intoxicated women said publicly on the Feuillants terrace: 'T

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la Fausse-Landry, 72. The 29th of August she obtained permission to join her uncle in prison:

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cording to Brissot, the massacres were committed by about "a hundred unknown brigands."-Pétion, at La Force (Ibid., 75), on September 6, finds only about a dozen exe

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la Varenne,

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e Jacobin Club, Aug. 27). Speech by a fede

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Rétif de la Bretonne, "Les Nuits de Paris," 375. "About 2 o'clock in the morning (Sept. 3) I heard a troop of

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a fruit-dealer in the Rue Mazarine, a keeper of a public house in the Rue du Four-Saint-Germain, a journeyman hatter in the Rue Sainte-Marguerite, an

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nd his wife, old-clothes dealers on the Quai du Louvre, who on the 31st of May prepare for a

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card

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one slipped through the railing and escaped. "A man not belonging to the butchers, but one of those thoughtless machines of which there are so many, interposed

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e Cassagnac

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l lived in the neighborhood, in the rues Dauphine, de Nevers, Guégénaud, de Bussy, Childebert,

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m, in a shirt and wooden shoes, presented himself before their committee all covered with blood, bringing with him in his hat twenty-five louis in gold, which he had found on the person of a man he had

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only twenty-four francs?' said a baker's boy armed wi

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, details on the meals of the workmen and on the mo

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, 179. "At midnight they came back swearing, cursing, and foaming with rage, threate

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peech by Pétion on the charges

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156.-Journiac de Saint

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de Saint-

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c de Saint-Méard, 129.-Ma

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as not to disturb the poor sufferer. The sight of a woman in a swoon and pleasing in appearance affected them, and they at once withdrew, leaving me alone with her."-Beaulieu, "Essais," I. 108. (Regarding the two Abbaye butchers he meets in t

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, II. 2

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upervision, "what are you thinking of? To give you greater power would be limiting those you have already. Have you forgotten

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hée,

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were averse to striking the disarmed, and exclaimed to the cr

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eare: "I have supped

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ritates them, as if it were a rebellion against their despotism, the effe

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rresistible fascination which Saint-Augustin experienced on fi

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y saw Monneuse (member of the commune) go to and come from la Force, express his delight at those sad events that had just occurred, acti

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the custom of the murderers.-Granier de Cassagnac, II. 197-200.

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-Maton de la

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to him (Mathon is an advocate): "All right, Monsieur Fi

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bly, whilst the brigands amused themselves with their disgraceful acts. Her body ev

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liation."-Granier de Cassagnac, II. 329. According to the bulletin of the revolutionary tribunal, number for Sept. 3.-Mortimer-Ternaux, III. 29

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al of the September murderers; d

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., 63.-Weber, II. 350.--Roch Marcandie

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., 63.-Weber, II. 350.--Roch Marcandie

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d by his words, they hold out their hands to him. "But before this the executioners had struck me on the cheeks with the points of their pi

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rdan,

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hée,

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ch brought the Orleans prisoners to Versailles and then murdered them. They explain their conduct by saying that they "hoped to

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e la Bret

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hée,

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Crimes de la Révol

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en at the Salpétrière, those who were banded and young g

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295. See list of names,

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re politique and anecdotique

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295. See list of names,

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ms killed with "cold steel and clubs" etc total 1395 persons. The total number of French

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moires sur les journées de Septembre"), p. 358 and following pages.-Granier de Cassagnac, II. 483. Bonnet's exploit at Orleans, pointed out to Fournier

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fauborg Saint-Marceau. Lazowski had, in addition, set free the assassi

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agine our situation. We were surrounded by citizens irritated against the treachery of the court. We were told: 'Here is an aristocrat who is going to fly; you must stop him, or

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lution," III. 272.-Mortimer-Ternaux, III. 631.-De Ferrière, III. 3

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ught, upon reading Taine's livid description.-But also: "Do not let the bour

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)-"An Englishman admitted to the bar of the house denounces to the National Assembly a robbery committed in a house occupied by him at Chaillot by two bailiffs and their satellites. The robbery consiste

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udhomme, "Les Révolutions de Pa

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hez et Roux, XVIII. 42.-Moniteur, XIII. 731 (session of Sept. 17). Speech by Pétion: "Yeste

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is famous slogan "that all political power

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ux, IV. 35 (act passed by the commune at the instigation of Robespierre for the regulation of electoral operations).-Louvet, "Mémoires." Louvet, in the electoral assembly asks to be heard on the candidacy of Marat, but is unsuccessful. "On going out I was surrounded by those men with bi

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en and will continue to take note. Once the hidden combination can manage to invest all the different, in t

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r 200 years of 'guided democracy' in