Old Glass and How to Collect it

g shipwrecked upon a sandy shore, used a block of the natron which formed their cargo to support a pot which they were

perature at which sand would fuse-it is possible that Rumour in Pliny's day had a no greater reputation for reliability than in the twentieth c

fth and sixth dynasties-some 3300 years before Christ. This, the earliest known glass, is generally opaque, and is chiefly used to form small articles of ornament, such as beads for necklaces, etc. The "aggry" beads, found in Anglo-Saxon barrows and made in our own time by the

e celebrated for the beauty of its output, and articles of Alexandrian glass were largely exported to Greece and to Rome, where also, in the space{3} of a few years, glass-

lass have been found in Grecian tombs, and, in the Golden Age of Ancient Greece, when art and literature r

rnamental-than it is to-day, even though the glazing of windows was in its infancy and the use of the material for optical purposes was scarcely known. In effect, coloured and ornamental glass held much the same place in the Roman household that china and earthenware do among us to-day. Glass

of opaque white superimposed. The outer coat of blue was removed from the portion which was to display the design, leaving the white to be carved

uestered their craft upon the island of Murano, and there cultivated it with an increasing skill that in a brief space made Venetian glass the marvel of the civilised world. The peculiar merits of the Venetian product were grace of form and lightness of execution. Many of the vessels are surpassingly thin. The quality of the metal, however, leaves something to be desired. It is dull, frequently tinged with yellow-due to the pr

-houses sprang up in various parts of the Continent, particularly in France

o be noted later, but in the sixteenth century the custom of using glass vessels was introduced from France and the Low Countries, most of the pieces being imported from Venice. To prevent the money thus expended from leaving the country, efforts were made about the middle of the century to establish the art by the aid of workmen from Murano, and the history of glass manufactured in England may be sai

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ue partly to its transparency and partly to its increased refractive power, which renders it specially fitted for "cutting"-a process which enhances its beauty by increasing the number of ways in which the light rays falling on t

once belonged to Queen Elizabeth of Bohemia, the daughter of James I. Whatever its merits as a musical instrument, its once gorgeous gilt crimson leather case hides an interior of the utmost interest to students of glass, for the interior of the lid is panelled into eighteen divisions, each representing some classical subject-Narcissus, Daphne, Andromeda, Argus

glass, yet some few words as to the nature of the material with which we are dealing are not only desirable but e

of all clayey soils, and silica, in the pure form of quartz, is the chief constituent of the sand of the sea and of all those rocks which are known as sandstones. Rock-crystal, amethyst, agate, onyx, jasper, flint, etc., are all varieties of silica. Crystalline silica is hard enough to scratch glass-a fact utilised, as we shall see, in the sand-blast which is used for the purpose of engraving patterns on glass. Silica{10} is fusib

heap, being literally made from the dust of the earth; it is transparent, and so can be used in buildings, transmitting light whilst protecting from the inclemency of the weather. Its transparency, too, combined with its high refractive power,{11} make it of inestimable value in the manufacture of optical instruments. It is this high refractive power, too, which gives to cut glass its beautiful lustre and sparkle, and one aim of the glass-founder is to increase this refractive power and so

cooling, becomes set on its outside surface long before the interior has become solidified; hence the solid exterior prevents the molecules of the interior portion from contracting. As a result, a

kinds of glass, it may be as well at the outset to attempt to give a clear idea of th

late glass, bottle glass, and crystal glass, and the differences in

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