Under the Deodars

oak, chew the cud and are silent, pray do not imagine that those who make the noise are the only inhabitants of the field-that, of course, they are many in number or that

ees and divided from the road by a low mud wall. The green parrots screamed overhead as they flew in battalions to the river for their morning drink. Beyond the wall, clouds of fine dust showed where the cattle and goats of the city were passing afield to graze. The remor

is guest. "It's the first you've e

"What a divine climate you have here! Just think of the brow

sort as a pillar of the Empire, whose real worth would be known later on. After a few years of conscientious attendance at many divisions, after newspaper battles innumerable and the publication of interminable correspondence, and more hasty oratory than in his calmer moments he cared to think upon, it occurred to him, as it had occurred to many of his fellows in Parliament, that a tour to India would enable him to sweep a larger lyre and address himself to th

ng coat, riding breeches, brown cowhide boots with spurs, and a battered flax helmet. He had ridden some miles in the early morning to inspect a doubtful river dam. The men's faces differed as much as their attire. Orde's worn and wrinkled around the eyes, and gr

twentieth time staring long and intentl

every direction. By the way, now that you have rested a little - I w

country coming up from Karachi. The air is heavy with it, and for miles and miles along t

or far in India. But you had a

y be unsympathetic about one's political view

e he won't be in a hurry to be adopted by your party gra

ht not have been sympathetic), the National Congress movement, and other things in which, as a Member of Parliament, I'm of course interested, he shifted the subject, and when I once cornered him, he looked me calmly in the eye, and said: 'That'

–Indians, he felt it was hopeless to give you any just idea of any Indian question without the

to know what popular feeling in India is really like y'know, now that it has wakened into political

of popular feeling; and as to excitement, the people would as

jealous of any external influences that might move the masses, and so much opposed to liberal ideas

es, and work among new races; while you, more fortunate, remain at home. Why should I change my mind our mind-because I change my sky? Why should I and the few hundred Englishmen in my

him a point of view which cannot but bias his mind on this question

fy the progress that has been made toward liberal institutions. It is of English origin, such as it is, and the stress of our work since the Mutiny - only thirty years ago - has been in that direction. No, I think you will get no fairer or mor

ogether of Congress delegat

s in immense numbers. A great meeting, what you call a mass meeting, is really one of the oldest and most popular of Indian institutions In the case of the Congress meetings, the only notable fact is

hen, it s not a spo

hstone of subscriptions, a coarse but fairly trustworthy criterion, and there is scarcely the color of money in it. The delegates write from England that they are out of

are, perhaps, too poor to subscribe, are mentally a

ord Dufferin described it, when compared with the people proper, but still a very interesting class, seeing that it is of our o

lass. Its members must be the ord

ical knowledge of affairs. A ship's clerk is a useful person, but he is scarcely the captain; and an orderly-room writer, however smart he may be, is not the colonel. You see, the w

vrai

tel

se e

vil

ain

d il

ati

vel

most likes to make have been sc

ildish and medh

tier than the sword. In this country it's otherwise. The fault lies in

people at large, though it may not exactly lead them, and, in spite of all you say, Orde, I de

ely ceased when a well appointed dog-cart turne

Lodge I neglect so diligently, com

ch Pagett also rose, saying with the

friend Edwards. I'm delighted to see you. I k

unts, Mr. Edwards,"

, and as our works were closed for the New Y

ebton when I was beginning political life, and I owe much to his exertions. There's no pleasure like meeting

ent, which was the main of our talk at home, and them that do say things are not the sort o' people a man who respe

I have come all the way from England just to s

not quite relished being called "my good friend." "They haven't got any grievance - nothing to hit with, don't you see, sir; and then there's not much to hit against, because the Government

full of English mechanics, out of the

nglish foremen, and between seven and eight hundred nati

ull of the Cong

and I speak the talk too. But I wanted to ask how things

urprises me almost as much as your own. I fear you are a backslider from the good ol

And if you was to poll us English railway men, mechanics, tradespeople, and the like of that all up and down the country from Peshawur to Calcutta, you would find us m

the railway works, and we will talk things over at leisure. And about all old friends and old t

e, Edwards mounted his

iend discoursed with Edwards, had been looking over a bundle of sketc

nt, here are some sketches by the man who made the carved wood screen you admired so

e?" said

nership, but they spend most of their time and all their money in litigation over an inheritance, and I'm afraid they are getting involved, Thoroughbred

med by Orde, and by educated natives. He began with labored respect to explain how he was a poor man with no concern in such matters, which were all under the control of God, but presently broke out of Urdu into familiar Punjabi, the mere sound of which had a rustic smack of village smoke-reek and plough-tail, a

nd as for the Bengali babu-tchick!" The guttural click needed no interpretation, bu

lliberal prejudice against

Pride of race, which also means race-hatred, is the plague and curse of India and it s

hat's a little lower down across this yellow blot of desert - has a strong objection, to put it mildly, to the Maratha who, by the way, poisonously hates the Afghan. Let's go North a minute. The Sindhi hates everybody I've mentioned. Very good, we'll take less

ge sweep of the whip as it traveled from the frontier, through Sindh,

whip across the large map from East to West as he sat down. "Remember Canning's advic

ith Bisben Singh is class-hatred, which, unfortunately, is even more intense and more widely spread. That's

ders, fourteen months elapsed before the work was finished. Business over, Bishen Singh hung about, reluctant to take his leave, and at last joining his hands and approaching Orde with bated breath and whispering humbleness, said he had a petition to make. Orde's face suddenly lost all trace of expres

gn of discomposure, salaamed respec

judge-they all do that-but when he began to hint that the other side were in improper relations with the native judge I had to shut him up. Gunga Ram, the man h

se people prefer to have their

cert

compound, and Orde rose with "Confound it, there's old Rasul Ah Khan come to pay one of hi

ndian official; and was much impressed by the distinction of manner and fine appearance of the Mohammedan landholder. When the e

n, Rasul Ah Khan intimated that he knew nothing about it and cared still less. It was a kind of talk encouraged

ve the old gentleman's opinion on the propriety of managi

Municipal Committee at Lahore and had elected a menial servant, an orderly, as a member. He had been informed of this on good authority, and

guest to the door; "just like some old blue-blooded hidalgo of Spain. What

is that he and his co-religionists, who are many, and the landed proprietors, also, of Hindu race, are frightened and put out by this election business and by the importance we have bestowed on lawyers, pleaders, writers, and the like, who have, up

ed in your centres, don't you know, it is bound to spread, and these important - ah'm people of yours would learn it like the rest. I see no diffic

t him with a

Presidency towns, the actual work done has been badly performed. This is of less moment, perhaps-it only sends up the local death-rates-than the fact tha

nterest?" said Pagett, putting

f tradition and usage. You, perhaps, find it hard to conceive of people absolutely devoid of curiosity, to whom the book, the daily paper, and the printed speech are unknown, and you would describe their life as blank. That's a profound mistake. You are in another land, another century, down on the bed-rock of society, where the family merely, and not the community, is a

the cattle a

t is the wi

he unknown and fuss with voting-papers. How would you, atop of all your interests care to conduct even one-

o you anticipate that Mohammedans, proprietors, an

sregarded the c

rous excitement by religious hatreds. Already the first note of this has been sounded by the people who are trying to ge

he popular rights, bei

e an implicit trust; for the Congress circular, specially prepared for rustic comprehension, says the movement is 'for the remissi

TY OF THE EMPIRE

e are things better worth imitation in our English methods o

ut elections and the elective principle, and the reticence of the

e difficulties you seem to anticipate would give way on the introd

and danger to the public peace, can satisfy the aspirations of Mr. Hume and his following, and yet safeguard the interests of the Mahommedans, the landed and wealthy clas

rted to the gate, where a group of cu

traight out of Raffaele's cartoons," said the M

rd the villagers, and their leader, handing his long

head-man of Pind Sharkot, and a ve

His beard and moustache streaked with grey swept from bold cliffs of brow and cheek in the large sweeps one sees drawn by Michael Angelo, and strands of long black hair mingled with the irregularly piled wreaths and folds of his turba

e listened and smiled, interrupting the speaker at 'times to argue and reason with him in a tone which Pagett could hear was kindly, an

as a poor man and such things, by the

end that he was so terribly in earne

. It seems they made a dreadful charivari at the village boundary, threw a quantity of spell-bearing objects over the border, a buffalo's skull and other things; then branded a chamur - what you would call a currier - on his hinder parts and drove him and a number of pigs over

h did you answer

nsis. I asked if he would like a native superintendent of police with some men to make inquiries, but

r - I don't quite un

reclaimed little by little, and in time will become useful citizens, but they still cherish hereditary traditions of crime, and are a difficult lot to deal with. By

-considered electoral scheme, and they would doubtless be trea

oubtful. Even those poor devils have rights, and, aft

iminals

gods and godlings of crime, and a hundred songs

ought to be put down at on

agabond and criminal only on occasion, while others are being settled and reclaimed. They are of great antiquity, a leg

oy copper plate, Mr. Dma Nath. "Give salaam," said the civilian, and there entered in haste a slender youth, clad in a closely fitting coat of grey homespun, tight trousers, patent-leather shoes,

mber me," he said in English

onged to the Shershah district I t

I was first in the Middle School examination five years ago. Since then I have p

he liked geography better than play or sugar cakes, an

, but his circumstances are depresse

idiom at the Missio

im to the present incumbent of your honor's shoes, the latchet of which he is not worthy to open, a

od man, and I will d

said he must leave his young friend whom he introduced to Pagett, "a m

tired with his teleg

e something of the Nati

es, and one in which all educated men like us m

and the Christians?" said Pagett,

re exceptions to t

he working classes, the agriculturists

agriculturist, nor working class; he is of the Kayeth caste; but he had not the advantage of a collegiate education, and he does no

a little off the rails, "and what are

anufactures, the industrial factories, with steam engines, and other motive powers and public meetings, and debates. Already we have a debating club in connection with the college, and elect a Mr. Spea

ries of the Court,'" and Pagett felt like one who had pulled the string of a shower-bath unawares, and hastened to stop the torrent with a question as to what particular grievances of the people of India the attention of an elected assembly should be first directed. But young Mr. Dma Nath was slow to particularize. There were many, very many demanding consideration. Mr. Pagett would like to hear of one or two typical examples. The Repeal of the Arms Act was at last named, and the student learned for the first time that a license was necessary before an Englishman could car

ink of young In

ery curious

ust the same enthusiasm. If there were any political analogy between India and England, if the thousand races of this Empire were one, if there were any chance even of their learning to speak one l

native and kn

knows less than most English schoolboys. You saw all he is and knows, and such ideas as he has a

ng he is a student of a missio

education for their own sons, are pinching themselves to bestow it in pure waste on Indian youths. Their scheme is an oblique, subterranean attack on heathenism; the

cceed; do they

n moral value. Yet, as Lord Lansdowne pointed out the other day, the market is dangerously overstocked with graduates of our Universities who look for employment in the administration. An immense number are employed, but year by year the co

he wanted steam-engines a

turers, he refuses to see that the Indian manufacturer of the future will be the despised workman of the present. It was proposed, for example, a few weeks ago, that a certain municipality in this province should establish an elementary technical school for the sons of workmen. The stress of the opposition to the plan came from a pleader who owed all he had to a college education bestowed on him gratis by Government and missions. You would have fancied some fine old crusted Tor

ustrial class in this country, yet, I suppose, the example of men,

edger-not written up to date. And men like Edwards are, in reality, missionaries, who by precept and example are teaching more lessons than they know. Only a few,

driver, and the rest are already forming separate hereditary castes. You may notice this down at Jamalpur in Bengal, one of

ns?" queri

lf-sufficing family groups with no thought or care for any interests but their own-a h

ung friend was not able to expound the faith

livelihood as civil employ under Government and law. And it would be a heavy strain on British bayonets to hold down Sikhs, Jats, Bilochis, Rohillas, Rajputs, Bhils, Dogras, Pahtans, and Gurkbas to abide by

rsation of the whole of the moneys raised by additional taxes as a Famine Insurance Fund to other purposes. You must be aware that thi

nstruction of railways and canals for the protection of districts liable to scarcity, and to the reduction of the annual loans for public works. But times were not always prosperous, and the finance minister had to choose whether he would bang up the insurance scheme f

ooked up with vexation, but his brow cle

e coming to polo on Tuesday: we want you badl

that his side would probably be beaten, Pagett rose to look at his mount, a red, lathered Biloch mare, with a curious lyre-like incurving of the ears. "Qui

possess and spoiled in consequence, aren't you, old girl?" said

about the Congress. What is your opinion?"

should say, Damn the Congress, but then I

t a tiresom

hat, for this kind of agitation is an

o you

can't afford to frighten them. The passengers aboard an Ocean steamer don't feel reassured when the ship's way is stopped, and they hear the workmen's hammers tinkering at the engines d

nd-thin supporter of th

s. They don't spend half enough on railways for instance, and they are slow in a general way, and ought to be made to sit up in all th

and Burke was evidently anxious to b

both Congress and Government in a brea

the Sind and Sialkote Bank tomorrow you would find Mr. Reginald Burke a very capable

ht about the Government

the people at large, that the counsels of those who resort to it for the sake of making money should be judiciously weighed and not allowed to overpower the rest. They are welcome guests here, as a matter of course, but it has been found best to restrain their influence. Thus the rights of plantation laborers, factory

east with intelligen

esents the tender solicitude of Lancashire for the welfare and protection of the India

Lancashire in this matte

of how a powerful commercial interest might hamper a Governmen

"There's Dr. Lathrop talking to my

s voice, and if my ears don

ry good fellow forbye. Good-morning, Doctor," he said, as a graceful figure came out

ays come to her when I'm in a fix but I

friend, Mr. Pagett, just fresh from home, and anxious to learn his India. You could

well, through nothing in the world but inattention on the part of a nurse I had begun to trust. And wh

rself she looked up with a smile, half sad, half humorous, "And I am in a whining

aspect of things and the possibility of bes

collars on them? They need many things more urgently than

e follow," said

long as the system of infant marriage, the prohibition of the remarriage of widows, the lifelong imprisonment of wives and mothers in a worse than penal confinement, and the withholding from them of any kind of education or treatment as rational beings continu

y so early?" said

e. Pauperism, domestic unhappiness, and a low state of health are only a few of the consequences of this. Then, when, as frequently happens, the boy-husband dies prematurely, his widow is condemned to worse than death. She may not re-marry, must live a secl

surely make it their business to advocate social

India, it was said in print and in speech, that they would be better spent on more college scholarships for men. And in all the advanced parties' talk-God forgive them - and in all their programmes, they carefully avoid all

ou. I know the life - the inner life that belongs to the native, and I know nothing else; and believe me you might as well try to grow golden-rod in a mushroom-pit as to make anything of a

h a large wonder. Dr. La

t show you my hospitals; but you had better believe, sir, that i

ssion, and no mistake," s

eneration was wrought by Lady Dufferin in drawing attention-what work that was, by the way, even with her husband's great name to back it to the needs of wo

t for the general

uch do you imagine the great province of the Pun-jab with over twenty million people and half a score ri

dred pounds," sai

it's an absurdly inadequate sum, and shows o

his researches. He preferred to discuss the weightier matters of the law, and contented himself

a local and temporary character, how d' you account for

it is a false perspective, which, as a matter of fact, hides the real complex and manifold India from his gaze. He can scarcely be expected to distinguish between the ambitions of a new oligarchy and the real wants of the people of whom he knows nothing. But it's strange that a professed Radical should come to be the chosen advo

er an ad hominem

cter and quality and upbringing of the man. You must admit that the monumental complacency with which he trotte

uite admit it,

he shoulders of the men out here, and not on his own. He enjoys all the privileges of recommendation without responsibility, and we-well, perhaps, when you've seen a little more of India you'll understand.

's an epigrammatic wa

o the sunshine toward a half-naked gardener potting roses. He took the

s there rolled from under the blade of the hoe the half of a clanking skeleton

" said Orde. "There are scores of th

ation of a man who has but little to do with the dead.

t it in three months. Com

nd