The Norwegian Fjords

n to the Reformation, and about the middle of the sixteenth century it became by legisl

Athanasian, and Nicene-Constantinople. In addition to these, there

ries, of which there are eighty-three. Out of the deaneries are formed the separate livings ("pr?stegjeld"). These number at the pres

astical

nd he possesses the supreme jurisdiction in ecclesiastical affairs. The King appoints th

the sale of property which belonged to the priests and monasteries in Roman Catholic times. This money is placed to a fund

fly from the funds which were appropriated by

State, and among other sources of income to the livings are the parso

paid to the clergy by the community in the form of rates, their stipends being fur

ons. For this purpose a church fund is now in process of formation, being raised by the commutation of all church tithes, and by the addition of certain royal tithes of pre-

and, Natal, and Madagascar are its fields of labour; the Santhal Mission in India; and the Norwegian Lutheran China Mission. There are also home m

become loyally and deeply attached to it, and there are probably few countries in Europe where the ministers of religion have a greater influence in the administration of the af

instr

were the sole leaders in school matters, each in his own parish, and it is owing in a great measure to them that, in the face of the numerous difficulties of all kinds which had to be overcome, the school has made continu

the ages of eight and fifteen, and in the towns for those between seven and fourteen. The reason why Norwegian children begin their education so la

ollow the School Directors, one for each of the six dioceses; these superintend the primary schools. The Bishop and Dea

nesses-as school-mistresses are called-for the primary schools, and in these colleges they recei

h a considerable number of free students are

wards travelling scholarships for teachers in primary schools. Several

he aim is a higher one. The girls are instructed in needlework and house management, and the boys in wood sloyd and technical drawing. In some of these schools instruction is also giv

tion. There are in Norway at the present time thirty-six working-men's colleges, ten of

The lecturers are chosen from among scientific men, schoolmasters, doctors, military men, etc. The Government

"gymnasia," for those who wish to lay the foundation for a continued higher education and as a preparation for the University. The principals ("re

in Christiania, founded in 1811. The number of professors at t

University. The total number of students there is now about 1,400, and they receive free instruction. Small fees are, however, re

ng the National Library, the Botanical Gardens, the Historical Museum, the Astronomical Observatory, and the Met