Selections from the Prose Writings of John Henry Cardinal Newman

ference to Aris

rding to Ari

f the ideal. Bio

dual characters

contrary, gener

ture and life, s

not after an e

tion of the mind

of biography a

y is fiction. "P

, "quam histori?

elineates that

n suggests, an

nt system of Di

oreover, by confi

events and scene

shes off the co

while, by a skil

t brings into si

ect, completes t

another, and ha

he whole. It is

story or biogra

arison, bearing

mathematical for

modified by the

riction. Hence,

by the superhu

ides a solace for

ntments and suf

es, moreover, t

ions of a right

y and a truth w

ot giv

the poetical min

s of beauty and

l of thought, i

ervation; the

t directs its vie

creative, from t

its modes of t

onplace and m

rdinary minds wh

icular and indiv

eels a natural

and splendid in

d selecting suc

mena, incorpora

ubstance of its

in a world of i

dignity, emotion

ecessary medium

the feebleness

as, and in the abs

ion, the adoptio

only poor mean

rs its intense fe

languages, been

ut the outward

armony within.

straint on the

f his sense, and

rate choice. We

ability of our

nts of poetical

it will be right

hich may save

nd objection. L

trarily to limi

considered such

particular wo

than the autho

parage only the

onveyed. There

ry," which is tak

self, and the wr

esult of it. T

real, contradicti

ially poetical;

others; and so

. We only maint

the name of poet

requisitions, b

r forth, and ina

We may grant,

ities of old Ph

nurse of Orestes

es unworthy of

efer them to t

us; and yet ma

n contain much in

luster of the t

ming whatever

rude ore; still t

etimes, and not

introduction o

essary for the sa

on of recondite

make friends wi

his necessity,

ns in themselves

imes, on the ot

the incidental

and indignant o

ance in which

emark applies st

sitions to wh

his la

with our propos

ce descriptive

te his physics

tory of animal

as an historian

biographer of br

l history or ph

composition. But

er a bare collec

t are painted

rmonious order

ometimes been

minuteness of hi

not the praise

to represent kn

on or medium.

e poetical magi

of a country life

ul, then of a pen

of the descrip

that nature is v

dinary writers

to trees in aut

fading trees di

ral poetry is

ture, and cattle

he rude health o

pe and others, h

oloring too hi

d and ideal forms

ictures of gent

on may be poetr

al poe

] T

hows the woo

and tree, it

in deca

en when age

rence betwee

ive may be illust

ts, generally

mmon in the pres

ught to approve

rpose. The auth

the case many p

c notice, or irre

aking perhaps

ndividual minds:

ted events sepa

place, or a cou

g a multitude of

ation of the tal

f characters by

t and action in

es long controve

nt, and exhibi

(if such be hi

orward the co

t disposition of h

ines, refines, c

acts are no lon

nded on facts is

authors of Pev

tye House, hav

tions of the profl

h accounts are

asons. That of t

ty of history;

eous reality, unin

the poetry of h

sometimes apolo

tales by stating

e strange chanc

ncredible when f

evinces a misco

on, which, being t

ibits the introd

xperience. It

t painters some

, or other sing

. Yet some of Mi

much poetry

perfect in its

tural, without be

asi

ade poetical by a

ws indeed from

arities are laid

iled. If it be s

is often its gr

, that in such cas

al, but consi

ovels and tales wh

in the same deg

g, to be poetica

sentation of an i

ng more rigid,

fined to one po

aw independently

s, occasional fee

d depict the gen

if he were copy

particular sitt

neate with rigid

ture; but the

mper his compositi

liarities and

out diminishing the

acquainting the

t of his art.

the Irish charact

were they inten

ting, because th

try about them,

elves, not in he

only the accur

s poetical in f

eed or incident is

r is led to descr

lorless terms

stance, if the grea

imagination, or t

ests the feelin

umstances are le

selv

aid that our do

uality in the d

s a principal char

r the ideality o

ter shades of di

which give

ife; but merely su

uch improbabiliti

interfere with

nt of the imagin

nts of beauty

ltitude of ordi

ined with consis

ude the introduc

ters. The origin

ty mind may ha

h more so, when

h finally adjust

in the persona

o are subservie

e in some chara

he Clytemnestra

hat the Divine ve

ject of the dra

cbeth, on the c

e deeply learned

uted with the mo

te she deserves.

picture to offe

the imaginati

ood for the term

so are Ophelia

hese cases there

th correct beau

do not say th

sacrificing mo

is a fault. It is

ctorily to connect

ness, when the n

d. Honors paid

me alleviation

doctrine of a fu

Other writers

eroes to tempor

present comfort

oderick, but c

ng to another w

he termination o

of them, at lea

te sorrowful fee

startled to be

lancholy is t

Roderick, it is fr

's previous

eelings, manne

al by the delic

are expressed.

sonnet, and ba

aps, or familiar

poet with pathos

in Gray will serv

ude; again, Lor

ing, "Were my

Lines on his Mot

uneral Hymn i

on's Sonnet on h

on's Dream.

ay name Campbel

a Baillie's Chou

re exalted and

Milton's Hymn

with which every

y the coloring

must all along b

ng instances for

llustrate our gen

licability to t

iversal consent,

oeti

f poetry we are

ider extent tha

will include su

oems as Young's

ilde Harold. T

t, in the judgme

his kind. It is t

eloquence for

sition to the

oet, the talent of

a single idea. "Si

ltis modis ean

adem commoretu

at art of Cicer

gaged in stateme

eases till he has

nd about it, and p

yet without repet

r. This faculty

throwing off h

have a respectab

especially inte

ar poems, com

piousness, and s

is called poe

pbell's Pleasure

ms that the auth

its natural elev

e writer is car

nza with the u

ss of accompli

ng, and heightening

another. His c

al sermon over

laments over Gr

rious engagement

gyrical orations;

describe the cel

f antiquity, he

poetical text, h

it is a work of

e, not of the hig

enal is perhaps

ually substitute

et

hy of mind may

try, as the philos

ault to mistake

r poetical tale

e known bet

hysics to their

and Othello, the

terial of the poet

y are effects

nal character wi

he results of co

to say) a moral

properties. P

e same subservi

abbe's Tales of

author there is

t, at least in th

a highly poetical

f the action and

other and upon

ers of differen

rangers to each

he formation of t

tances, their re

points of mutu

ental position o

trifling pheno

are beautifully d

molded into a co

to single out t

account of th

e younger broth

ght as well as

n our judgment b

would afford u

nce. One striki

he author's prac

cters bearing th

, and placed in

et so contrasted

ences of mental

om the common st

to himself. Th

lworth, of knigh

ts in Old Mortal

earing of chara

ot often found

s intended fo

s by the inconsis

ered by itself. T

be natural or no

hor's word for th

e told, not sho

hing in the plot

liar formatio

ght equally well

the action. Chil

g, is a being pr

and uninfluenc

aw Tityrus's sta

ter of this kind

eration, passes

s other poems.

or elasticity of ge

poetry out of e

n his own way

g as he is allowe

principles of

once put out and

an

ion of Sardanap

l, and in the st

ust been admiri

Sc

ons of Aristotle

ff

eed to a fresh

l first be broa

xplained. How

e poetical tal

racy of a definiti

inality of righ

y perhaps be d

or one's self, a

mind is in action

ived from educat

ansmit as they

se; minds of orig

sity to investig

for themselves, s

hed truths d

cidental change whe

al digestion. E

is stamped with

hen originality i

which more or l

ws itself in par

d eccentricity o

other hand, can

, or taste, as it i

ments. It is orig

beauty; the orig

ent, and good f

that poetry is

perception; tha

le in exercise t

on the whole (o

rtion to the stan

will his compo

lence. This po

ome explan

, we do not mea

cessarily disp

; we are not spea

try, but of its

art is the formal

oetical mind. No

n that every poe

stent and prac

good feeling co

d practice. Burn

; still, it is kn

at bottom. Thus

is in no wise

r doctrine, whi

sts in his compo

rtuous and divi

er than this, o

gh it be shown

poem. As motiv

ions intrinsically

virtuous will p

etry. But even

poetry of a vic

debased; that is,

nd shadows of h

n the other hand,

he mind in the v

h all the rays h

ereas minds o

tion of the whole

n infirmity and t

, Spenser, Cowp

be considered,

approximate to t

added as further

er Scott's center

e exhibits the c

d undisciplined

e and conscience,

ll these poets a

ion of Virgil's po

of his general t

nder's Feast i

has high poetical

there is someth

end to which it

and sensuality.

ver reasoning er

ne is a fallacy,

Byron's Manfr

; yet the delicate

spirit which here

e basis on whi

perusal of it

above theory, tha

in the poet's m

istent character

y of his life w

connection bet

le and want of po

tances of Hume

poetical minds.

is an exception

had great poetic

at his miserabl

lt of a bewilde

upt he

the above the

e especially poet

ts disclosures h

the intellect, t

ral nature. It pr

of excellence in

and with whic

ociated. It bri

f overpowering

and the tendere

eculiar grace o

is as striking a

the hearts of

spirit. At pre

practical, but the

th. With Christ

s a duty-we are

of faith, to se

and a superhum

und are investe

nger imperfect m

ne favor, stamp

for future hap

virtues peculiar

etical-meekne

ntment, modesty,

virtues; wherea

eelings are the

justly than of

ation, martial sp

enden

e of the Divi

f God, though in

ce,-for from o

ss and patience

notions of the

atient, and of all

-yet, for the v

te, transcend o

elt upon, when t

y be received by

t, in this very r

ch He has create

so ordinary and

, what so simpl

ce and operatio

es, and how the

r us, when they

he invisible air,

urs! we breathe

e without it; it

nd us, and we

hile it obedientl

nd obsequiously

let it come in i

t fluid, which

ecessity or capr

h the invisible

rth into the regi

eadlong upon the

nd draw thence a

your pitcher,

a ready servant,

e quantity or in

o purify you from

ld. But go from

ill see that sam

ore your eyes.

escension, but

t at its vast expan

who shall hear

mighty billows

terror feel it h

d mounting up,

sport and mocker

and thither, at

was just now h

? Or, again, app

d it enlightens

esume not, or it

y element which

lliant in its char

o soft and lambe

n its essence t

it tortures, it con

hich it was jus

he life. So it is

wledge of them

hey give us ligh

ce and succor;

ount and let the

and in the deser

and the fire, an

l is but a whirl

g of the imag

e feelings, remind

men and He is G

Nature draws fo

or to be pronoun

er lights and de

d by Revel

thren, that the

this season, whe

ficing, self-c

Saviour has visite

I dwell on them;

e mysterious, s

more subduing i

. I own it, my

as the Only-be

fulness of His s

Eternal Person.

s God, which gi

what is to me a

or scourged, or

artyrs, and the

re I see One dro

thong, and str

God. It is no t

ng here; it is t

great Creator

ther, who dwelt

le from all eter

adiance and grac

traces I see in

earth, this glo

at me so piteousl

s. He seems t

am omnipotent,

had it in mind

creatures, more

th a face more ra

a form as ro

their equal yet

ce, to receive t

any, and to prep

I destined them;

se into effect,

itance; and so I

t brightness in

ning stars and to

, but in deform

s, with blood upo

aid bare and re

you will, for I

whether in cont

I wait, upon

he time of grace

e end of the w

he conversion of

he just; here I

gh I am so grea

y expecting My fu

time is at leng

y passion and t

o all e

upon th

l of the marvels

eth speech, and n

wledge." Th

l around us, in th

of man; in the

the dispensatio

I may say, is the

ll things out

ts before they oc

ut compelling t

ous attribute,

passage I have re

-the emblem o

nts of the impo

is impossible

d. He who could

triumphantly u

, unstable,

llows of human wil

e bark of Peter

, and made no

king upon them;

ering it He sust

mself to it, b

He did not mere

ade Himself the

nd cause of a su

other gospel sa

whither the

wer of the Son

manifested by

orld, when He

it has ever sin

the history of

med to float upon

He told His cho

the salvation

how to construct

ght, its cabins

s it gazed upon

se. It pronounce

cientific rules o

still prophesies

hy; that it was

float; that it w

why it does not

Lord is in it?

ework, put to

o, should have l

ion, even to t

gone; ever fail

xplore new se

t He, who once sa

ot afraid," an

ll in His own a

and to prosper

ethren, when th

savage tribe,

the limits of th

brought them t

ts there or politi

tless people, a

es or by desire

and passing thro

on the frontie

etting out on a j

t. Generation a

d still this fi

rward. On, on

them not; the

no truth, or peac

; they could not f

ith them their

their gods of

ifices, their law

their kind, an

At length they b

orests of Ger

indolent repose

; they were stil

the primeval wor

f the chase, the

their idolatrou

y crossed over t

rs of this islan

so that, wherea

in, the southern

, obtained the

ad proceeded f

ld go, unless t

he great ocean,

world which lie

to happen to thi

t for happiness

had not found i

e, and dwindle

its own heart, w

as it to become

enjoy the only

s only true di

Master's yoke?

d thing in it, o

e, profit might c

s name? He look

there to claim

merit any relax

ts lawlessness

s a proud race,

nor man-a ra

nate, and hard of

even the eterna

o so. I say, th

e to reverse the

crees have assig

d despise Him.

looked once aga

orn, and ruined

ing filled with g

ot what merited

ately respond to

necessary ins

t would illustrat

took pity on it.

ess, a simplicit

e of truth, a ze

rong, an admirat

aw, a keen appr

majesty of order

d an affectiona

would become

is high will whe

supernatural g

ase Him, could rai

of the very sto

termined in thi

ite what was bea

diant in grace;

s had been too f

rescue them fro

e devil's doom

of His holiness

is r

ry and a familia

need not tell you

he word of tru

s island and sub

w the grace of

ulsion, as the hi

came Christian;

, and hopeless,

f glory came wa

e sea. Then sud

a change came

arter of the coun

st preached to

sed influence w

the whole land,

people, were con

the work was don

the mummeries of

not, and the p

of the Cross we

form of Christia

like a beautiful

it was majestic,

as beautiful and

griefs, it was

t was at once a

a dogma, a mys

hierarchical form

s, with miter

alked forth and

le. The cruci

mple monks were th

chants resounded

s heard, and bo

censers, and t

was sung, and

after day, and in

y hills and in th

sun and moon an

gular and solemn

services on ear

cession, and soo

d the familiar e

who recollecte

k it all unreal

conclude he did

was heaven let

were chased away

o their pr

econd

c. ii.

amica mea, col

enim hiems trans

s apparuerunt i

e, my love, my d

the winter is now

e flowers have ap

r experience of

rpetual renovatio

rounds us. Frai

of it, restless

never ceasing as a

It is bound tog

s set up in unit

it is ever comi

but give birth

d one death is t

Each hour, as

w fleeting, yet

great whole. It

which is ever t

ver flow. Ch

ange cries out to

phim, in prais

. The sun sink

llowed up in t

n out of it, as

quenched. Spr

rough summer a

more surely, by

ph over that gra

astened from it

blossoms of May

but we know, wi

its revenge up

f that solemn ci

ches us in our

and in our depth

to d

s this comes h

orcible is the co

aterial world,

d all its changes

e, so downward,

pirations. That

endures; that

oints and is n

ven from first to

, the everlast

s; but where is

he hero, the la

ereign race, whi

o, and is great

do they descant

er, this innate

to fall: he tend

he begins to b

ildren, he lives

n his own person.

ions of his na

breaks, and as

He was young,

in. This is the

erse and in prose

. The greatest

sun, he, in all

being, is bor

e first begins

ng law, though it

We look at th

yet with pity

t it is, with pit

its excellence an

deformed and dis

its living on.

llapse, till at l

out of which it

ke

th our moral bein

ion of our natur

life, it ends w

ss of life, with

s the human hea

eaves, and opens

Fair as may be

s green foliage a

ue. It blooms i

, so delicate, s

ity and lightness

confiding spirit,

eerfulness, th

the noble aspira

antic pursuit, t

t,-are not thes

ressed up and

r best shapes, in

prospect of goo

t it is to fade!

y, as decrepitu

are failure, and

e issue of this

lowed to it to

e who are cut

xcellence, and th

hey have lived li

them live on, l

t the bright sou

of the world's

corruptions and

insufficiency of n

ss to persevere

ng its own pro

me age; and no

re which we ha

eature spoke of h

rge portrait pain

when his limbs

ow furrowed, an

moral grace of

d repulsive aspec

s lived to the

misanthropy, and

y winter of

his own nature,

rks. The nobles

ests he has made,

d, the nations h

s created, they

im by many cen

, and that end

rld, sovereignti

come to nought

e Roman conque

or in the destru

d too truly an a

ength, with the w

, the crimes and

enturies, the Im

ll his works a

have no power

my Fathers, my B

happened in Eng

g strange is p

y surprise, by t

s. Were we not

o be able to say

inhabitants of s

more perfect me

scovered for

another globe,-a

ds England just a

rested by a pol

any which the

hysical field o

e of a national

, more violent t

ies-at least in

of men, if not

it down, that

1850, a storm a

ious as to de

o rouse in us an i

uld observe it

spreading from

n, almost withou

perhaps it threa

no sure prospect o

the body politi

m the Queen up

e ones in the inf

nds of the con

estant sects, the

es and associatio

ergy in town and

l profession, n

circles, ever

fireside, gives

This would be our

tance, and we s

at is it all abo

what wonder ha

gious, what prete

the burden of s

rightly in our

ke this; it mus

. It is an innov

he course of hu

volves year by ye

olitical order o

s not return; it

is no retrogre

d by men of th

idolized as ano

never returns-i

ape existing ill

he past is out o

may the dead li

it us, as the pas

e of this nationa

ich encompasses

ad lives. Throne

stored; States l

only for history

e, and Egypt,

great again. Th

nglish Church

h is once aga

a cry. It is the

it is a restora

that which year

phys

ago, and the C

on of God's power

place. It had t

s upon it; it w

s up and down t

the will of a

ough ten thousan

nce; and it was

and Martyrs. Th

ed and rejoiced

cessors, who we

ir grateful ho

erhaps some sixt

. Dunstan and S

St. Thomas down

Paulinus, St. J

m; London, its

Cuthbert; Wint

n there were

d St. Hugh of L

field, and S

St. Oswald and

St. Osmund of S

Dorchester, and

then, too, its r

tablishments, i

ions all over

e temporal state,

its popular ho

whole of Chri

rchy? Mixed up

h kings and noble

illage and in ev

d to stand, so

utlast, it migh

atn

high decree of

presence shoul

story, my F

it well. I need no

iple of truth,

e of the Redeem

its day beca

ul change!); and

r which once i

d which once it

st; and there w

n its priests w

were sacrileges

re profaned or

by covetous nobl

ers of a new fa

ism was at

disowned,-its pow

a matter of hi

It took a long

uch time, muc

ense; but at la

e day, centuries

artyrdom to li

of Truth, mora

al, and every

burned in the f

last the work w

, and shoveled

ilence, a sort

tate of things

is wear

Brothers, you

e of us on anothe

r witness to the

hich Catholicis

e were born. Yo

I can know it; b

by one or two tok

ncil, I bear wi

t you can witne

thin. No long

country; nay,

ic community;

e Old Religion,

about, as memo

man Catholics

nterest, as m

ever small, represe

n abroad,-but

who might be c

ritus of the gr

erely happened t

indeed, was the

set of poor Iri

time, or a colo

quarter of the

an elderly pers

rave and solitary

bearing, and s

a "Roman C

se of gloomy appe

with an iron ga

hing to it that

who they were, or

eant by calli

ne could tell-t

ound, and to

then, perhaps, as

oy's curious eye

might come to

, or Quaker's m

chapel of the "

to be gathered

lights burning t

winging censers;

ly be learned

ories and Sermo

of the "Roman

deposed that they

abused it. And

casion hear it

man, as the res

and as a reco

h few knew, that

en the Roman Cat

Catholics of I

ps, and the form

als, called Vi

he sort of knowl

by the heathen

adherents from

called them a

ned the light o

and, found in cor

the housetops, or

cut off from t

nd dimly seen,

ht, as ghosts fli

estants, the lor

le did they becom

hat contempt ga

nerous of their

to bestow on t

that their opin

to spread again,

ere they but

d soon unlearn a

, out of mere

ify our doctrines

ur very idiotcy

ht be our pl

an awful contr

hurch of St. A

poor remnant o

of the nineteen

I might say, to

r; but there was

re. No one could

ll less would any

s rise again.

ter all it was in t

to naught: its

rt of wonder, for

who can hope f

as this? Has th

o show? I must s

o my knowledge,

it. Augustine,

to which the e

y; but they cam

he Arian Goths

eir heresy in St

hurch; but they

The inspired wo

ssibility of su

hose who have c

and trodden unde

could have dar

gious a nation as

formed again unt

show that it was

g the nations

fifty years ag

e seemed prepos

ere was one of

urity of his po

ame is the proper

, too venerable,

confined to any

r a household wo

t would have been

e man, the champ

could he have l

ost presumptuo

o draw pictures

nd his friends,

t; yet am I wron

as this, in whic

im a dream, or,

arers nothing bu

rapt in spirit,

ure, and that his

hat lowly chape

or centuries in

e neighboring he

And let him sa

ak mount, looking

gainst that hug

olicism is of so

und marked ou

and plantations

circling in t

that high spot

t in the very cen

or rather pile of

, and courts, an

nd story upon st

the invocation o

me which has be

n in the Valle

t building, and I

style of art whi

had seemed to

the earth, or to

or to be imitate

hear the sound

newing the old

Ethelbert in the

trand. It com

t winds along the

heologians from

Cathedral, walk

comes a vision

eads; and last I

the royal dye o

edge to us from

e, a token th

n Apostolic faith

he Saints is th

ing to us by th

and counting ov

e has prayed, a

oo, is St. Domini

h can impair, n

rd be not there,

y make him be

patriarch, St.

modern world, with

h his writhing f

on that train.

juniors in histo

tars, or soon sh

ord's arm has no

failed,-they,

thrones on high

h company moves

re, with augus

urates the great

t is that act? i

ierarchy; it is

he C

my Brothers, h

n then, who tha

aid that he spok

hose few scatte

olics, to form

led back? Shall

s live again to

ng their poor flo

multitude of t

heir Lord has

y? Yes; for g

The world gro

oung. She can, i

"inherit the Gent

ies." "Arise, Je

nd the glory of

old, darkness

the people; but

and His glory s

hine eyes round

athered togethe

shall come fr

rise up at thy s

love, my dove,

he winter is no

gone. The flowe

the fig tree h

vines in flower

y love, my beau

time for thy Vi

th in thy streng

once was thin

land which knows

d with thy thrill

bor with child,

f grace leaps w

y, with thy bri

his strength, O

, till our year is

weet eyes, from

stic brow, le

in down, not

persuade, to win o

O Mother undefile

of this Spring.

ins of the old.

nd York is gone

hester is gone

We clung to the

would not belie

the Church in E

lives again.

verley and Hex

if the world las

l to the ear, a

lories we have

of them, if G

in shall give th

ll to penance an

begin

s and Brothers

ll, not Saints a

chers only, sh

all re-consecrat

is before us, e

aged in a great

on to God's gra

They have wel

is prey. Perh

time with our ap

y be irritated

gain in England

in a corner. We

such a boon wou

ross. It is not G

hould descend wit

ufferings. If th

de extent among

ow can we hope,

accompany its go

y, if it may b

commence our wor

We have no slig

Can we religiou

martyrs, three ce

er receive its r

and regular, di

er, for an end

he long impriso

ry suspense, the

tence, the savage

t, the knife, t

es of those holy

ve no reward?

er Thine altar

s guilty people,

ey lose life,

he children of th

Thy way, O my

t according to

if I may dare ta

ot Thou Thysel

e cross, and co

rtyr win Thy gre

y his loving pr

desolation for

erced through

the crucifixi

ot every tear t

ood that was she

when they who so

o reap

fering of the M

so, perchance

thing, for what

, to complete t

d forbid it, for

could we be surp

, if the winter

te over? Have

, if, in this E

e Church should t

an uncertain, an

and suffering,-

s, yet withal, o

rs, and su

I know,-that a

ll be our stren

the more the en

more will the

e more fearful a

ore present to u

nd our good Pa

ore malicious ar

he louder cry of

e bosom of the

hall not be left

us the strength

Church and to

my Brothers in

my heart when

there is no one a

f God so wille

for His sake.

do not say that

that that cha

peak of what you

rs; but in the

he Spirit, in the

ions and peace

the Apostles Pet

Christ, you wou

e intercession o

enances and go

eople of God on

ne up as upon t

carried on out

ace, whether natur

an violently, o

mly, gracefully,

up and ride fort

f Angels' wings,

and gained the p

er up the Imma

ld in your hand

visible token

who again and

eat Victim; who i

to startle you

stop you, whe

whether to lay

ars, or to put t

jubila

Brothers, one

I were going

g you; but I h

extenuation. W

as set up by the

the beginning of

ies were trai

d martyrdom here

r Saxon youths

ets of the grea

vete flores mart

for each in tu

to go forth to th

themselves bef

ssing which migh

went for a Sain

calm old man,

ept in penance;

r Christ, what t

the way to the

if a sentinel in

nd down for fif

brethren were in

t heart, too gr

tormented him to

e Church was

ose bright-haired

for the scene o

l and love pent u

d a vent, and fl

home, upon those

herefore one by

hful soldiers ca

they persevered

palm,-all but

t go, for the salu

y Brothers, t

ip. Bear with m

n too seriously

it. As he was

n Rome, when ou

is rising, it is

ave even set out

, as if remem

you at home, an

formed with you,

a name among y

d perchance to d

your o

Character

aul ad Cor.,

loriabor in infir

in me virt

will I glory in m

Christ may

from the begin

ble each other in

natural, their deed

inary and preva

erns of the the

ssed with a rare

and Lord; they

n they leave thi

torment, which

llotted, between

nal glory. But

f their belongin

mily, they may st

nal aspect, in

, on the one ha

Divine life, tha

in the flesh, t

an nature; but

views, affecti

al. If they love

they love God,

ther of His comp

ejoice, it is in

st, it is in wha

almost with the vo

rink, it is almo

recorded in thei

ave fed on nothi

which is the pr

h we may suppose

St. Mary Magd

desert; such

lives belong t

al the

d, there are tho

sanctity too, a

m the supernatu

of superseding

t, ennobling it

cause they are s

eir natural end

ry of the Giver

ut through the

the brightness

igure them. The

e; they are bu

nderstand the h

selves into th

s in consequence

ucation. While

the blessedness

follow in imag

ations of prid

rld is to them

or its own sake,

hich intere

by the reason of th

hey study it a

glory of God a

hey have the tho

, attractions,

ther men, so far

y have these pro

sanctified, and

re eloquent, mor

tellectual, by re

y. In this lat

resumption place

rysostom, St. G

and above all, t

t. Paul the

ppy circumstanc

as it is, under

of St. Peter a

ys of these two

the 29th of Jun

as regards St. P

f our assembling

unday. And no

God's protectin

hese two days,

like to forego th

isgivings as to

u, my brethren

wonderful work

y presented to

s great Apostle.

s the best that I

not duly exhibi

e on an occasi

out of devotion

, will, I trust,

t be, and be a ple

who say it, an

is and our Lo

ave begun by c

hn, and by imply

fe more simply

seem to you, m

Paul's dispara

sk me whether i

rth to have a m

he Divine Majest

You may remin

now not I, but

ow live in the fl

on of God, who

f for me." And y

shing ecstasies

t even to the t

rds, which it "

You may say,

in his awful init

e kingdom of he

; nor am I ima

ou. We indeed

gree with you,

equal, in our app

e granted to St

nd, neither was

e tokens of Divi

some of those v

ess degree, belon

said when I b

w is, not what a

grees with all o

inguished mark,

what there is s

characteristic i

the fullness of

roy what is huma

perfect it. Acc

other subject, bu

rinciple on which

d,-"We wo

says, but "cloth

e swallowed up

re, his human

possessed and gl

fe; they remain

t, and in his h

mity. He was n

thed with grace

ore he glories in

ject on which I

t has said, H

num puto. "I am

out interest

n widely and dese

ullness of meani

erstand, is,

f this great Apo

his own words, "h

d "according t

that is, huma

the whole race

m, with an energ

odily fullness,

d of Divine grac

l freedom and p

n. And the conse

re of man so st

nter into human

, with a gift pecu

rtling instance

is life prior t

en so conscienti

does not hesit

e outcast heath

of them. St. Phi

, used to say,

t I am good for

nfession he use

good action." H

o a penitent he

a man like my

ell, I mean, tha

t all his neighbo

to be existing

e possessed of a

ossessing a na

ing into all th

vices, of purpo

d actually run i

tude of men; and

ns of all men,

m, and spoke of

say, a strict

f), blameless ac

ing with all goo

ng God from his f

he nevertheless

profligate heath

d called him. H

irth made him, in

th," but he clas

conversing in th

illing the will o

le, he speaks of

as if "carnal,

n dwelling in hi

e flesh the law

s an Apostle co

er he speaks of

ll because he viv

his which grace

its tendencies

ed of

ount for St. P

or what we now

arkable. He, the

arned in Greek l

the Jews, his

wisdom of the E

up that learn

st." I do not

ng so, since he goes

e passages fr

eathen Athenians;

Corinth; and a

exhortation to h

s the more rema

whom he quote

es, which had no

rality which th

count for this?

was licentious

ing of a guardi

e rebellious be

at him and we

he had a sympat

be it reverently

true lover of

re with a passi

e of the Gree

d he hung over

for its regenerati

I account fo

heathen poets. So

r that the Gree

ation of Provid

hough not direct

as. Now St. Pau

e of this feeling

heathen are in

he power of the

ey are beyond the

contrary, he s

ir times and the

hat is, going

tory and the migra

should seek Him,

Him and find

s not far from e

the Lycaonia

e at once places

s himself among

speaks of God'

they were. "Ye

e things? We al

you;" and he a

gh suffering all

, "nevertheless l

ony, doing goo

fruitful seasons,

ladness." You s

our," as if he

dwells in a kin

nd the gladness

heathen were gr

Apostle who espe

from one fath

thinking that

d hath made,"

"as in Adam all

de alive." I wi

om the great Ap

which he tenderl

nd the anguish,

ance of poor hu

he creature," he

"waiteth for t

od. For the crea

y, not willingly

t subject, in h

vered from th

e liberty of the g

know that eve

ravaileth in p

imens of the t

heart of the Apo

ns of Adam: but

read over the ea

wn nation! O w

d sweet, of genero

f piercing, over

of the race of I

t of nations an

whose glories w

nd in his aff

ad the birthrigh

ad of making u

hem away! Alas

been a partner in

ved from his in

er of God! O d

miserably falle

his tone in spea

as and a David;

for them, and

d resigned d

words: "I spe

ys; "I lie not

s in the Holy Gho

d continual sorr

ons and ecstasie

n, in spite of hi

cares of his Apo

all the churche

enough otherwis

dden him-but n

mains ever befor

ean, the state

re in mad enmi

, who had for ce

forward for the

for it, heralde

d protected it,

ost the fruit of t

ites," he says,

r past glories, "wh

the adoption

the testament,

service of God,

thers, and of wh

flesh, who is ove

foreve

ng it was for h

d for them, w

ord and himself.

mself had also

why not try them

d, "they know

t in every syna

ee. And, when

tness, was shed

kept the garmen

see, his old fr

tions under whi

er distinctly bef

s if they were

ss," he says, "

t not according

he seems to sa

h of good in the

igious purpose

h resolve like Jos

keep the whole

Prophets, but

atal sin! And wh

one occasion, des

ebellious people

ss," he said, "o

f the book." An

course of promu

committing the s

desired the

s, speaking of

h, "I wished

hrist, for my b

ding to the fles

in vain, when

high decree of God

t of very affect

ow after all

orted himself with

the exceptions

h God cast awa

rbid. For I also

braham, of the t

elites that are o

is confident ant

e to come. "The

to the Romans,

e gained by thei

r the sake of th

calling of God

lindness in par

e fullness of th

o all Israel s

I have now

at I meant when I

ristic gift, as

human nature a

iarity with it

plation and affe

ry full, instead

ed with it, whil

le he sanctifie

gh he had never

no longer a Je

ility, as I may

f the past. His

throw himself i

h all those ten

human nature

eveloped into sin

d him to reca

as of a Jew, whi

culous conver

thus, while he wa

mphatically still

ehension sti

so, do you not

d he was for t

r, and an Apostl

the Gentiles?

by miracle, bu

truments by meth

s souls to Him,

s He select t

r natural powers.

whose book was th

hose special ph

orum," he was n

he Nations. St.

the Creed, the Ar

the faithful, he

k. To him specia

e world, who kn

rt, who underst

that was his me

onateness which wa

mpire. "I becam

"that I might g

nder the Law, a

might gain the

e that were with

thout the Law,

without the L

that I might

gs to all men,

."{

ethren, my tim

gun my subject

have entered

have not yet t

ions, and his be

As yet I have c

y with human n

e; not of that

owed itself in

deemer. But per

east of his Conve

t which the day

ill be permitted

mpt, if it be no

of him

this glorious A

ired writers, th

teachers, may

ave ever felt a

y this great Sa

ious sympathies, o

ind thought for

to our respecti

man thoughts a

one above; and

d Eternal Essen

t troublous, restl

of impulses and

lures, which is

e. Let us beg h

ajesty on high, t

n of that tender

, love of brothe

vision, in which

ially, as we are

erend Prelat

e live, and whose f

name of Paul

th and fount of

and in the d

O

A

e third volume of Parochial and Plain Sermons. These discourses were

muel the prophet eighteen years, and alone, twenty-two years. Samuel had been judge of Is

ering in the desert of Sin, after their exodus from Egyp

el, 1447 B.C. The author of the Pentateuch is probably the gre

demons, wrought there by our Lord. The inhabitants i

ng famous as the royal psalmist.

ng for his father's asses, was

en tribes probably descended from Lot. They dwelt

rist in its waters; is called the river of judgment. An air line from the Sea of Galilee to

ea, frequently at war with the Hebrews. Samson, Saul, and Davi

as king. Before Saul the Jewish governmen

e temple; became exalted with pride; was punished for his sins: died probably u

onsistently built. A conviction of the intellect and hence distinguished

lver coin worth abou

acrilegious in Saul, as the right wa

nacle; divinely ordained for the Mosaic worship; co

Seek ye therefore first the kingdom of God and His justice a

f Moses and leader of the

ebrew people. Circumcision, a figure of baptism, was the si

YEARS

ance, composed chiefly by David. Humanly speaking, they form the most exquisite lyric poetry ext

Mesopotamia, 1500 B.C. Sent for by the

h. (a) The fourth son of Jac

at the kingship, like the priesthood, is

ring grace to the troubled spirit of Saul. Browning's Saul paints strik

nt, Sin; also of Lucifer, overcome by the

, who recounts to the Hebrew

f Jacob; governor of

nction between the theocratic an

married his daughter Michol to David "that

h. Note the consistent

quisite choice of words, the perfect finish of sentence, a

AND

rical Sketches, Vol. III. They were written to illustrate the tone and

or subtle, beautiful, luxurious Athens. They walked their straight and loving road to God, with the simplicit

e combated the evils of the eleventh century, within and without the Church, and effected

ty of God.

an, noted for zeal in spreading th

30. Pontus. Part of Cappadocia in Asia

tion. See Acts of

ed. Similar to that

welt on Carmel, as did St. John th

on the coast of Palestine

E AND TH

boldly denied the Divinity of Jesus Christ. The heresy was condemned by the Co

made to St. John at Patmos concerning the

thern Germany, who in the fifth century rava

y that believed in Montanus as a prophet, and i

st king of Israel after the separation of the tribes; a man p

tury, and the cogent argument against it of Tertullian, a celebrated writer of the second century, show how circumstances, above all, Divine ins

d, brutalized, and deadened; the other confused, wild, and hungering after what is to them indefinable, yet alone sa

est women of all times; a model of

nity, affect to doubt or deny altogether the supernatural. These reduce the Gospels to a code of ethics, and regard Christ as mere

YSO

ive nature of Cardinal Newman. He was a man not only of intense and powerful intellect, but of delicat

" from his eloquence. He is counte

"a monster of iniquity." He was put to death, 1 B.C. 90: 22. F

of crime and oppression, and banished. (b) A celebrated Roman poet, author

ngenious analogy is regarded as one

ness. The reason, probably, why he has so great a

asus, east of the Black

hwest Asia Minor. Troad

of his temper under suffering, and the unselfishness of his lofty soul appea

TAR AND

erpool, 1853. Special interest attached to them at the time, as England was about to undertake the d

estless tribes originally inha

) Leader of the Huns, who overran S

m Rome by Pope Leo the Great. (b) Zenghis Khan, a powerful Mongol chie

nder of a Mongol empire in Central Asia;

nth century; noted for his rescue of the true Cro

ahometans. It is a mixture of Judaism, Nestoria

in one God, but denial of the Redemption o

by a dignitary in British Indi

AND THE

crossed into Turkey, Northern Afri

ast of the river Oxus; in

ving near the Oxus; called white from

ic Turkey; thought to be th

of Bagdad; contemporaneous with C

ken at Lepanto, 1571, has continued to decline, so that were it not for t

. North central p

owerful dynasty in Central Asia. (b) Third successor of Mahomet; caliph in 644;

r. Romanus Diogenes,

PRESENT OF

economy, belonging to the nineteenth century. (b) A distinguished Fren

mes the inhabitants of all North

Rome. The schism was begun by the crafty, ambitious Photius in

at Christianity must be and is the religion of civ

A UNIV

to other institutions, and its general history. The illustrations of his idea of a University first appeared in the Dublin University Gazette; later, in one volume, Office and Work of Universities. In the present form the author has exchanged the title to Hi

an is unconsciously painting h

cond century. He was a Greek by birth, a pupil of

f great men; and these cherish their Alma with unlimited devotion. Read Gra

ITY LIF

Pir?us. (a) The Gulf of ?gina.

hree cents. Paid by spirits to Charon for f

. Secret rites of the goddess

which Antony defeated the con

enia, famous for his gigantic stature as well as for a

ance to the Dardanelles. It was the first

ens, ornamented by groups of statuary immortal in beauty. (b

of Pallas, protectress of Athens; it

aneous with Phidias. His work is in statuesque

litical market place, located near th

if not of all times. He learned philosophy of Plato, ora

pupil of Socrates and the master of Aristotle; he founded the Academy, or the Platonic School of Philoso

School, i.e. of scholasticism. Aristotle undoubtedly possessed the most comprehensive, keen, and logical intellect of antiquity, and his influen

henian art, letters, civil and military prestige;

an said, "indulge the passions," the Stoic, "crush them," the Peripatetic,-like the Christian of later times,-"control them." Imperi

DEMAND: T

the zenith of excellence in the thirteenth century,

accustomed to regard the Renaissance as the fountain whence have issued all streams of art, literature, and science. It is only necessar

WEAKNESS OF UNI

t, but brilliant and fascinating rationalist. He triumphed over William

anists being, according to their doctrine, "Pneumatics," the Catholics, "Psychics," i.e. men of heaven, men of

lizing and of display, and barbarity of terminology, caused its decline after the thirteenth century. Political and religious strife also accelerated decadence, until the Council of Trent restored philosophy to its true position as queen of human sciences a

rammar, Logic, Rhetoric; Music, Arithmetic, Astronomy,

of the twelfth century. In disfavor with Henry I

St. James

St. Jam

nd of spiritual strength-strength forfeited b

as, I have wasted my life

CORDING T

led Critical and Historical Essays. Cardinal Newman's own gifts and tastes for

ry. A profound and beautiful definiti

f Troy by Homer. (b) A tragedy by ?schylus, so named fro

ssionate; proclaimed himself a god; plunged into the crater of M

Satan, a majestic spirit, punished beyond his due, and therefore worthy our

istinguished truth, which explains why much rhetor

the sources of true poetry and the actual practices of the poet. Com

E OF THE DIVI

. This and other

Discourses to Mix

ied style suited to the subject-matter, which, however

r, fire, and water were believed

t, which commemorates the

on like music of indefinable tenderness and beauty. What wonder if men "who came to scoff remained to pray," when t

UPON TH

d at Birmingham, on occasion of the installation of Dr. Ullathorne as first

to day." See P

lities, that is, those things whose elements

. See St. Matth

, called the ark because prefigured by

with you all days, even to the consummati

y. 226 to 228. It was a proud race ... hierarchical form. A passage of inimitable grace and simplicity. Note th

e Angles in Rome, Pope Gregory exclaimed, "Th

und form wedded to sense in a more surpassingly beautiful way? Neither music, no

e The Second Spring, The Tree beside the Waters,

ECOND

of the Catholic hierarchy to England. It furnishes an excellent specimen of the simpli

whom St. John in vision heard crying, "Holy, H

the weakness of human nature left to itself. "With

o Africanus, victor of the Cart

, restored by Mary I, and officially re-destroyed by Elizabeth, who attempted, through Matthew Pa

n fig tree) cumber the ground?" Newman's writings,

Saxons, 597 A.D. (b) Martyred at Canterbury by the nobles of Henry II because of his fearless defense of the right

d and occupied Italy; from the fifth to the eighth century their power w

Cathedral of Westminster

seman, clad in purple as bishop; in red, as cardinal.

f its progress in early centuries to the zeal and intelligence of the Benedic

pherds. They who

Christ's birt

.. Quotations from Isaias a

it her cousin Elisabeth. At the presence of Mary, the unborn child of Elisabe

to observe a religious rule, as the Dominicans; the second are those

whose death won the conversion of St.

will not leave you or

. Reference to the augu

ad of the Faith; his work was continued by Gregory XV in the Propaganda; but it was

nverted millions to Christ in India and Japan; he died on hi

. Ignatius of Loyola, who established the Society of Jesus. St. Philip N

whole man listening; he not only rivets the intelligence, but stirs the will and move

CHARACTER

asions. Paul-that godlike man who longed to be anathema from Christ if thereby he could serve the brethren-was Ne

ul, they may well finish with a sketch of t

hope, and charity; so-called because

which came down from heaven." St. John vi. 51. "And the bread that

of St. Paul. Comm

hropy in these latter times,-even to altruism,-but le

er of the Oratorians, a congregation devoted to preaching and

f south central part of Asia

an martyr; stoned to death by the J

in defense of Juda during the bloody persecutions of Antiochus. He appointed Judas Machabeus, the most famous of his five sons, to succeed him in the struggle, (c) "The Hammer." Judas gained glorious victories over

tory of the final struggles of the Jew

octor. A teacher of

te rhythm of structure, the simple grace, the direct force-above all, the unconsciousness, almost disda

Paul Cardinal Cullen, pr

ich have been amended. For example, ascendency is now ascendan

In the Notes, the first figure represents the page number and the sec

ering in the desert of Sin, after their exodus from Egyp

umber and the 7 refers to t

made to the nearest line number,